Heat input values for any particular material

Kong Chuan T.Oil & Energy Professional We have formula to calculate the heat input during the welding of a material. Is there any such reference that any material has an allowable range of heat input values during welding of the particular material so that its mechanical properties are not jeopardized. Like Comment (11) Share 9 months ago Comments venkataramana N. likes this 11 comments Jump to most recent comment

James James K. Independent Mining & Metals Professional Various specialty nickel alloys and duplex stainless steels have heat input ranges suggested by the producer. For nickel alloys low heat is desirable. For superduplex it should be neither too low nor too high. I suggest you look at producer's data for the alloy in question. I personally am unfamiliar with preferred heat input for welding carbon or low-alloy steels.

Gordon Gordon S. Welding & Metallurgical Engineer Impossible to answer. A welding engineer would (or should) be able to assist you.

Steve Steve P. Snr. Consultant Welding & Metallurgy at PIKA Solutions For carbon and low alloy steels the adequate limits on heat input range are not unique values. The adequate heat input ranges will depend on a number of other parameters such as the specific chemistry of the parent metals and weld consumables, the preheat/ interpass temperatures, the joint configuration/ position, the connection geometry and dimensions, the cleanliness of the joint, the joint restraint, the welding process, the characteristics of adding the weld consumable into the weld pool, the required properties and service conditions, etc. For specific situations all of these factors can be evaluated and estimates of adequate heat input can be made. It is also quite common to design a weld to use a sequence of different heat inputs. For example temper bead welding often uses a low heat input butter layer that is subsequently covered using higher heat input weld beads. In some situation the heat input limits are set to obtain adequate dilution and solidification characteristics. In other situations the heat input limits are set to avoid hydrogen cracking. In other situations the heat input range

is limited to avoid reheat cracking or special types of in-service cracking such as Type IV creep cracking. There are however numerous books, codes, standards and technical papers, computer codes that address heat input limit estimations but the approaches used are situation specific. So unless you can be far more specific regarding your situation I think Gordon's response is an excellent answer.

Hugh Hugh M. Director at Generic education & training services ltd I agree with all that Steve, Gordon, and James have mentioned and would like to add another variable, which is the temperature under initial welding is undertaken as ambient temperature will also have an effect on the resultant structure. Regional differences can impact on the structure i.e. hot or cold, and pre-heat and inter-pass temperatures will need to take this into account.

Vedran Vedran M. quality manager at Machiper-Oprema d.o.o. As James says: " I suggest you look at producer's data for the alloy in question." Here (and on many other places) you can find more about heat input:http://www.jflf.org/pdfs/papers/keyconcepts2.pdf , but keep in mind that producers data have greatest value.

Kong Chuan Kong Chuan T. Oil & Energy Professional can anyone help me answer the following questions? 1. What should be the allowable heat input for welding API 5L X-80 to itself? 2. What should be the allowable heat input for welding API 5L x-80 to AISI 4130 ? Thank you very much.

Jean-Pierre Jean-Pierre A. RESOLCOR CONSULTING Ltd I fully agree with James, Steve and Hugh. Let just me add that when considering duplex SS, the Heat Input is selected in order to avoid the precipitation of sigma phase which is deleterious for corrosion resistance and impact properties.

 Joseph Joseph K. Principle Welding/Metallurgical Engineer at ConocoPhillips As you can tell from the previous comments there is no magic formula for calculating energy (heat input) limits for material. You wont find limits provided by the manufacturer either unless the material manufacturer has performed preproduction qualification to prove a range of safe heat inputs. This is an approach used by API RP 2Z for structural steel. Duplex stainless steels have their own HI and temperature limits as stated by others in addition to other process limitations. There is a computer model available from EWI that will predict the percent ferrite and whether intermetallics will form from welding procedure data. Welding processes also have different arc efficiencies, an effect that is usually ignored. That is, the actual energy that goes into a weld compared to the calculated energy for GTAW is much less than for SAW. It may be necessary to use high heat input to keep HAZ hardness low. On the other hand it may be necessary to use low heat input to minimize grain size for improved weld metal fracture toughness. Another thing to watch out for is on weldments that require PWHT the original material properties can be altered in spite of acceptable welding energy if the PWHT temperature is too high (e.g., above the base metal tempering temperature).

Gordon Gordon S. Welding & Metallurgical Engineer There is a formula, it is not magic, and it is taught to welding engineers (but not necessarily to NDE techs or QC managers). Again I suggest the original poster contact one for help in doing the math.

Vedran Vedran M. quality manager at Machiper-Oprema d.o.o. You should take a correct EN ISO 15614 series and fallow 5 steps: 1) determine the range of weld joints to be qualified (THICKNESS, CONFIGURATION, POSITION... not just material!!!) 2) prepare a preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS) according to EN ISO 15609 using a PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE (Yours famous almighty table for all materials, thickness, positions...) and general knowledge of welding technology 3) carry out a welding procedure test to prove a feasibility of the procedure described in the pWPS. Tests are described in appropriate EN ISO 15614. 4) prepare a welding procedure qualification record (WPQR) with actual welding parameters and test results

5) Use the WPQR data to prepare WPS within the ranges of qualification given in EN ISO 15614. This is reason why welding engineers exist and why welding cost are so high (if you need good and reliable welding joints).

Vedran Vedran M. quality manager at Machiper-Oprema d.o.o. Here http://www.europipe.com/files/x80_line_pipe_for_large_diameter_high_strength_pipeline.pdf you can find maximum about your material and some welding tips.