Automation, robotics, industrial automation, process control, and numerical control is the use of control systems such as computers

to control industrial machinery and processes. Some advantages are repeatability, tighter quality control, waste reduction, integration with business systems, increased productivity and reduction of labour. Some disadvantages are high initial costs and increased dependence on maintenance. A major benefit of industrial automation technology are the latest fieldbus developments. The most popular protocols are DeviceNet, Profibus and ASi and the emerging Industrial Ethernet. Implementation of industrial automation provides capital expenditure savings associated with cable elimination (multiple devices share wire-pairs and communicate over the bus network) and other savings are also available through speedier commissioning. A number of Ethernet-based industrial communication systems have been established recently. Industrial Ethernet has the potential to replace the traditional fieldbus in the long term. The issue preventing many Ethernet fieldbus implementations is the availability of device power. Many industrial measurement & control devices need to be powered from the bus and Power-Over-Ethernet (PoE) has votlage (48V) and power (350mA maximum per device) issues in it's current implementation. Industrial automation and process control greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Most complex industrial automation processes and systems can be automated. A major advantage of industrial automation and process control is the increased emphasis on flexibility and convertibility in the manufacturing process. Manufacturers are increasingly demanding the ability to easily switch from manufacturing a wide range of products without having to completely rebuild the production lines. Warehouses benefit from the marriage of automated guided vehicle technology and conventional industrial trucks. This system combines a very narrow aisle truck with guidance controls and software directed by the system controller. The driverless operation is capable of complete lights out operation from the warehouse receiving area to the shipping dock. Best of all, the vehicles can be introduced into current operations, using existing racking and floor.

Managers have found that ongoing maintenance is reduced and process control system performances are very significantly enhanced by adopting industrial automation solutions as a major part of their investment. Automation, robotics, industrial automation, process control, and numerical control is the use of control systems such as computers to control industrial machinery and processes. Some advantages are repeatability, tighter quality control, waste reduction, integration with business systems, increased productivity and reduction of labour. Some disadvantages are high initial costs and increased dependence on maintenance. A major benefit of industrial automation technology are the latest fieldbus developments. The most popular protocols are DeviceNet, Profibus and ASi and the emerging Industrial Ethernet. Implementation of industrial automation provides capital expenditure savings associated with cable elimination (multiple devices share wire-pairs and communicate over the bus network) and other savings are also available through speedier commissioning. A number of Ethernet-based industrial communication systems have been established recently. Industrial Ethernet has the potential to replace the traditional fieldbus in the long term. The issue preventing many Ethernet fieldbus implementations is the availability of device power. Many industrial measurement & control devices need to be powered from the bus and Power-Over-Ethernet (PoE) has votlage (48V) and power (350mA maximum per device) issues in it's current implementation. Industrial automation and process control greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Most complex industrial automation processes and systems can be automated. A major advantage of industrial automation and process control is the increased emphasis on flexibility and convertibility in the manufacturing process. Manufacturers are increasingly demanding the ability to easily switch from manufacturing a wide range of products without having to completely rebuild the production lines. Warehouses benefit from the marriage of automated guided vehicle technology and conventional industrial trucks. This system combines a very narrow aisle truck with guidance controls and software directed by the system controller. The driverless operation is capable of complete lights out operation from the warehouse receiving

area to the shipping dock. Best of all, the vehicles can be introduced into current operations, using existing racking and floor. Managers have found that ongoing maintenance is reduced and process control system performances are very significantly enhanced by adopting industrial automation solutions as a major part of their investment. What makes hydraulics and pneumatics different from each other? Both realms are two slightly different versions of the same technique of using fluid molecules to transmit controlled forces to achieve work. Both hydraulic and pneumatic systems use the same two common actuators; cylinders to create linear force and motors to create rotational force. In a lot of cases, these actuators can be exchanged with their colleagues, albeit with a reduction in pressure if youre using an air component in a hydraulic system. The fundamental difference between the two systems is in the media themselves. Pneumatics obviously uses air as the force transmission medium, while hydraulics uses liquid to transmit force. Im just as guilty as the next dude in over-generalizing when I describe the hydraulic medium as fluid. Its not incorrect to say hydraulic fluid, but also, you wouldnt be incorrect to say pneumatic fluid either. Liquid and gas are both a fluid in that they each take the shape of their container and their molecules will flow freely amongst each other. The functional difference between the two systems is defined by the nature of a gas compared to the nature of a liquid. Air is compressible and oil is not. Actually, oil does compress at the rate of half percent per thousand PSI, but for the sake of simplicity, we say it is incompressible. As well as being compressible, air is also elastic. It can thin itself out and be at a pressure lower than what is in the atmosphere, and then spring back to a state of equilibrium to ambient pressure. Fluid or oil in a hydraulic system generally maintains the same fluid consistency, and is predictable under various conditions. The only time you have a spongy hydraulic system is when air bubbles are trapped in the oil. Otherwise, oil flows smoothly and hydrostatically in and through all accessible areas of the hydraulic system, but with some exceptions too involving to discuss here. The resulting differences in a nutshell are that pneumatic systems are snappy and quick, as they flow molecules with little resistance through valves and actuators. Because of the difficulties in compressing and controlling air, pressure is limited to 150 PSI on the upper end of the pneumatic spectrum.

On the flipside, hydraulic systems can pack atoms together at pressures upwards of 10,000 PSI, and can smoothly move gargantuan loads with ease. However, the mass of oil itself makes it more difficult to move around, causing backpressure related problems from excessive flow through all the passages, orifices and drillings of a hydraulic system. Air systems can see problems related to backpressure, but the result in that is just reduced flow because of reduced potential. Hydraulic oil doesnt compress, so if a pump is flowing, it has to flow somewhere all of it. Energy can be wasted just in the process of flowing, even before any useful work is achieved. The other major difference between hydraulics and pneumatics is cost. An entire pneumatic system can be purchased for the price of a hydraulic pump, and although there can be a large economical disparity, you must consider how much mass you want to move and how quickly. You may find the dollar to force output ratio is the same for either method of motivation, so ask first how much mass you need to move, and then choose cheapest medium that can handle that.

Hydraulics vs Pneumatics There are almost no significant differences between hydraulics and and for non-engineers but if you examine further, there are lots of technical uniqueness in each system. By definition alone, hydraulics is very different from pneumatics because it is used in controlling, transmitting and harnessing power using pressured fluids. The latter is dealing more on studying the impact of pressurized gases and how it influences mechanical movement. Hydraulics is frequently used in the concepts of dams, rivers, turbines and even erosion whereas pneumatics is applied in various fields of dentistry, mining and general construction among others. The material or substance used differs between the two. In hydraulics, the substance used is an incompressible fluid medium wherein the most common example is oil. Pneumatics, on the

contrary, makes use of a very compressible gas like air itself or an appropriate pure gas. Another difference between the two when applied is the strength of the pressures used in their applications. Hydraulic systems use a greater amount of pressure compared to pneumatic applications. In pneumatics, only 80-100 psi (pounds per square inch) of pressure is used for its industrial applications. Hydraulic-based applications frequently use pressures that range from 1,000-5,000 psi. Nevertheless, other more advanced hydraulic systems even use pressures of up to 10,000 psi. Because of this high power demand, hydraulic systems chiefly use bigger components while pneumatic systems use smaller ones in most applications. With regard to the control of applications, pneumatic systems are deemed to be simpler and easier to handle than hydraulic systems. Most operators say that using pneumatics is just like the light switch that makes you choose between two simple choices of on or off. This is true because most pneumatics is designed with simple cylinders and standard components only. An exception in the simplicity of either a hydraulic or pneumatic device would come if the entire system is automated. Summary: 1. By definition, hydraulics is used in controlling or harnessing power with the use of pressurized fluids whereas pneumatics studies how pressurized gases influences mechanical motion or movement. 2. Hydraulics uses an incompressible fluid medium like oil whereas pneumatics uses a compressible gas like air.

3. Hydraulic applications demand greater pressures during operations that reach thousands of pounds per square inch whereas pneumatic applications only require 100 psi pressures more or less. 4. Most hydraulic applications generally use bigger components that pneumatic applications. 5. Hydraulic systems are generally more difficult to operate compared to pneumatic applications.

Read more: Difference Between Hydraulics and Pneumatics | Difference Between | Hydraulics vs Pneumatics http://www.differencebetween.net/science/differencebetween-hydraulics-and-pneumatics/#ixzz2f3hT6AIAHydraulics vs Pneumatics There are almost no significant differences between hydraulics and and for non-engineers but if you examine further, there are lots of technical uniqueness in each system. By definition alone, hydraulics is very different from pneumatics because it is used in controlling, transmitting and harnessing power using pressured fluids. The latter is dealing more on studying the impact of pressurized gases and how it influences mechanical movement. Hydraulics is frequently used in the concepts of dams, rivers, turbines and even erosion whereas pneumatics is applied in various fields of dentistry, mining and general construction among others. The material or substance used differs between the two. In hydraulics, the substance used is an incompressible fluid medium

wherein the most common example is oil. Pneumatics, on the contrary, makes use of a very compressible gas like air itself or an appropriate pure gas. Another difference between the two when applied is the strength of the pressures used in their applications. Hydraulic systems use a greater amount of pressure compared to pneumatic applications. In pneumatics, only 80-100 psi (pounds per square inch) of pressure is used for its industrial applications. Hydraulic-based applications frequently use pressures that range from 1,000-5,000 psi. Nevertheless, other more advanced hydraulic systems even use pressures of up to 10,000 psi. Because of this high power demand, hydraulic systems chiefly use bigger components while pneumatic systems use smaller ones in most applications. With regard to the control of applications, pneumatic systems are deemed to be simpler and easier to handle than hydraulic systems. Most operators say that using pneumatics is just like the light switch that makes you choose between two simple choices of on or off. This is true because most pneumatics is designed with simple cylinders and standard components only. An exception in the simplicity of either a hydraulic or pneumatic device would come if the entire system is automated. Summary: 1. By definition, hydraulics is used in controlling or harnessing power with the use of pressurized fluids whereas pneumatics studies how pressurized gases influences mechanical motion or movement. 2. Hydraulics uses an incompressible fluid medium like oil whereas

pneumatics uses a compressible gas like air. 3. Hydraulic applications demand greater pressures during operations that reach thousands of pounds per square inch whereas pneumatic applications only require 100 psi pressures more or less. 4. Most hydraulic applications generally use bigger components that pneumatic applications. 5. Hydraulic systems are generally more difficult to operate compared to pneumatic applications.

Read more: Difference Between Hydraulics and Pneumatics | Difference Between | Hydraulics vs Pneumatics http://www.differencebetween.net/science/differencebetween-hydraulics-and-pneumatics/#ixzz2f3hT6AIA