009estimation of Refinery Stream Properties

2.
EstimationofRefineryStreamProperties
2.1Introduction
Inthischapter,wepresentvariouscorrelationsavailableforthepropertyestimationofrefinerycrude,
intermediate and product streams. Most of these correlations are available in Maxwell (1950), API
TechnicalHandbook(1997)etc.Amongstseveralcorrelationsavailable,themostrelevantandeasyto
usecorrelationsaresummarizedsoastoestimaterefinerystreampropertieswithease.
The determination of various stream properties in a refinery process needs to first obtain the crude
assay.Crudeassayconsistsofasummaryofvariousrefineryproperties.Forrefinerydesignpurposes,
the most critical charts that are to be known from a given crude assay are TBP curve, oAPI curve and
Sulfurcontentcurve.Thesecurvesarealwaysprovidedalongwithavariationinthevol%composition.
Often,itisdifficulttoobtainthetrendsinthecurvesforthe100%volumerangeofthecrude.Often
crude assay associated to residue section of the crude is not presented. In summary, a typical crude
assayconsistsofthefollowinginformation:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
TBPcurve(<100%volumerange)
o
APIcurve(<100%volumerange)
Sulfurcontent(wt%)curve(<100%volumerange)
AverageoAPIofthecrude
Averagesulfurcontentofthecrude(wt%)
An illustrative example is presented below for a typical crude assay for Saudi heavy crude oil whose
crudeassayispresentedbyJonesandPujado(2006).AcompleteTBPassayoftheSaudiheavycrudeoil
isobtainedfromelsewhere.Figures2.1,2.2and2.3summarizetheTBP, oAPIandsulfurcontentcurves
withrespecttothecumulativevolume%.Amongstthese,the oAPIand%sulfurcontentgraphshave
beenextrapolatedtoprojectvaluestillavolume%of100.Thishasbeencarriedouttoensurethatthe
evaluated values are in comparable range with the average oAPI and sulfur content reported for the
crudeintheliterature.Thesevaluescorrespondtoabout28.2oAPIand2.84wt%respectively.
1600
1400
Temperature oF
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
-200
0
20
40
60
80
100
Volume %
Figure2.1:TBPCurveofSaudiheavycrudeoil.
100
60
API
80
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
80
Volume %
100
Figure2.2:oAPICurveofSaudiheavycrudeoil.
6
Sulfur content (wt %)
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Volume %
Figure2.3:SulfurcontentassayforheavySaudicrudeoil.
2.2Estimationofaveragetemperatures
The volume average boiling point (VABP) of crude and crude fractions is estimated using the
expressions:
(1)
(2)
The mean average boiling point (MEABP), molal average boiling point (MABP) and weight average
boilingpoint(WABP)isevaluatedusingthegraphicalcorrelationspresentedinMaxwell(1950).These
aresummarizedinTables2.12.3forbothcrudesandcrudefractions.Whereapplicable,extrapolation
of provided data trends is adopted to obtain the temperatures if graphical correlations are not
presented beyond a particular range in the calculations. Wenext present anexample to illustrate the
estimationoftheaveragetemperaturesforSaudiheavycrudeoil.
7
STBP
F/vol%
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
8
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8
9
9.2
9.4
9.6
9.8
10
DifferentialstobeaddedtoVABPforevaluatingMEABPforvarious
valuesofVABP
o
200 F
0.092
0.946
2.157
3.411
4.977
6.370
8.210
9.853
11.664
13.525
15.411
17.171
19.428
21.479
23.378
25.665
27.863
30.137
32.447
34.585
37.252
39.713
300 F
0.211
0.674
2.043
3.324
4.821
6.171
7.709
9.125
11.074
12.564
14.336
16.119
18.015
19.904
21.882
23.866
26.153
28.059
30.509
32.746
34.931
37.337
39.988
42.004
45.231
400 F
0.237
1.366
2.607
3.696
5.037
6.476
7.763
9.238
10.731
12.184
13.958
15.558
17.390
19.135
21.121
23.220
25.268
27.320
29.452
31.934
34.231
36.770
39.325
41.766
44.287
47.027
50.345
500 F
600+ F
0.738
1.635
2.490
3.393
4.231
5.174
6.177
7.313
8.525
9.794
11.497
13.157
14.815
16.502
18.452
20.564
24.538
31.482
34.134
36.644
39.224
41.605
44.536
47.392
50.612
53.459
56.580
59.714
0.832
1.633
2.349
3.267
4.369
5.250
6.277
7.182
8.306
9.621
10.623
12.039
13.083
14.627
16.232
17.263
18.956
20.741
22.164
23.843
25.438
27.517
29.529
31.390
33.442
35.723
37.580
39.817
42.204
44.253
46.637
48.916
51.513
53.958
56.606
59.260
62.025
64.491
67.463
70.073
Table2.1:TabulatedMaxwellscorrelationdatafortheestimationofmeanaverageboilingpoint
(AdaptedfromMaxwell(1950)).
STBP
o
F/vol%
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
8
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8
9
9.2
9.4
9.6
9.8
10
DifferentialstobeaddedtoVABPforevaluatingweight
averageboilingpoint
o
o
o
o
200 F
300 F
400 F
500 F
0.385
0.871
1.562
0.4252
1.731
0.6859
2.385
1.1478
2.860
1.4331
0.428
3.372
1.9128
0.869
3.801
2.3559
1.364
0.084
4.603
2.7724
1.770
0.705
5.096
3.3327
2.241
1.149
5.288
3.9349
2.623
1.356
5.992
4.3339
3.063
1.598
6.471
4.8098
3.556
2.094
7.242
5.2685
3.979
2.690
7.874
5.9560
4.527
3.164
8.392
6.5961
5.281
3.528
9.103
7.1566
5.850
3.977
9.822
7.7964
6.378
4.707
10.406
8.5729
7.051
5.431
11.149
9.3378
7.698
5.997
12.309
9.8381
8.530
6.699
10.5521
9.450
7.525
11.3710
10.120
8.340
12.3187
10.843
9.355
13.0148
11.766
10.155
13.7419
12.818
11.036
13.806
12.062
14.651
12.825
15.504
13.641
16.619
14.862
17.854
16.076
17.383
18.437
19.485
20.817
21.718
23.035
24.437
25.806
27.236
28.498
29.729
31.481
32.713
34.373
35.656
Table2.2:TabulatedMaxwellscorrelationdatafortheestimationofweightaverageboilingpoint
DifferentialstobeaddedtoVABPfor
evaluating weight average boiling point
o
o
o
200 F
300 F
400 F
STBP
o
F/vol%
1.2
0.198
1.4
1.528
1.6
4.137
0.808
0.808
1.8
6.243
2.103
2.103
7.736
3.865
3.865
2.2
9.942
5.853
5.853
2.4
12.190
7.855
7.855
2.6
14.412
10.056
10.056
2.8
16.720
12.286
12.286
19.183
14.513
14.513
3.2
22.225
16.907
16.907
3.4
24.354
19.439
19.439
3.6
27.572
22.195
22.195
3.8
30.467
25.215
25.215
33.302
27.810
27.810
4.2
36.718
30.893
30.893
4.4
40.485
33.998
33.998
4.6
43.955
37.582
37.582
4.8
47.289
40.966
40.966
51.589
44.487
44.487
5.2
55.380
48.548
48.548
5.4
59.634
52.525
52.525
5.6
63.603
56.417
56.417
5.8
68.993
60.733
60.733
73.650
65.524
65.524
6.2
70.237
70.237
6.4
75.367
75.367
6.6
80.412
80.412
6.8
86.654
86.654
91.941
91.941
7.2
98.218
98.218
7.4
104.912
104.912
Table2.3:TabulatedMaxwellscorrelationdatafortheestimationofmolalaverageboilingpoint
10
Q2.1:UsingtheTBPpresentedinFigure2.1andgraphicalcorrelationdata(Table2.12.3),estimate
theaveragetemperaturesofSaudiheavycrudeoil.
Solution:
a. Volumeaverageboilingpoint
Tv=t20+t50+t80/3=(338+703+1104)/3=7150F
b. Meanaverageboilingpoint(fromextrapolation)
Slope=t70t10/60=965205/60=12.67
FromTable2.1
0
T(400,12.67)=116.15 F
0
T(500,12.67)=102.48 F
0
T(715,12.67)=73.0895 F(fromextrapolation)
0
Meanaverageboilingpoint=Tv+T=71573.0895=641.91 F
c. Weightaverageboilingpoint(fromextrapolation)
Slope=t70t10/60=965205/60=12.67
FromTable2.1
0
T(400,12.67)=43.515 F
0
T(500,12.67)=41.515 F
0
0
Weightaverageboilingpoint=Tv+T=715+37.215=752.21 F
d. Molalaverageboilingpoint(fromextrapolation)
Slope=t70t10/60=965205/60=12.67
FromTable2.2
0
T(400,12.67)=212.96 F
0
T(600,12.67)=191.62 F
0
0
Molalaverageboilingpoint=Tv+T=715179.3495=535.65 F
11

009estimation of Refinery Stream Properties

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

009estimation of Refinery Stream Properties

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

2.

Sulfur content (wt %)

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi