1.Explain the concept of human-computer interaction (HCI).

Human-computer interaction describes the relationship between computers and people who use them to perform business-related tasks. HCI concepts apply to everything from a PC desktop to the main menu for a global network. HCI includes all the communications and instructions necessary to enter input to the system and to obtain output in the form of screen displays or printed reports. 2. Explain the concept of a GUI and a switchboard. How does a GUI design differ from a character-based screen design? A GUI uses graphical objects and techniques. A well-designed GUI helps users learn and use a system effectively. Now that GUIs have become universal in application packages, users expect in-house software also to have GUIs. Unlike a character-based screen design, a GUI combines process control and data entry. A switchboard is an opening screen that introduces an application and allows users to view the main options. A switchboard contains command buttons that enable users to navigate the system and select tasks. 3.Describe seven principles for a user-centered interface design.
The seven principles are: Understand the business Maximize graphical effectiveness Think like a user Use models and prototypes Focus on usability Invite feedback Document everything

4. Describe six types of user interface controls, and provide an example of how you could use each type in a data entry screen.
Controls can include menu bars, toolbars, dialog boxes, text boxes, toggle buttons, list boxes, scroll bars, drop-down list boxes, option buttons, check boxes, command buttons, and calendar controls, among others. Controls can be used as follows: Menu bar: The main menu options display at the top of the screen in a menu bar. Some software packages allow you to create customized menu bars and toolbars. Toolbar: A toolbar contains icons or buttons that represent shortcuts for executing common commands. The commands might be navigation shortcuts or can trigger other actions. Command button: Command buttons initiate an action such as printing a form or requesting Help. Dialog box: A dialog box allows a user to enter information about a task that the system will perform. Text box: A text box can display messages or provide a place for a user to enter data. Toggle button: A toggle button is used to represent on or off status clicking the toggle button switches to the other status. List box: A list box displays a list of choices that the user can select. Scroll bar: A scroll bar allows the user to move through the available choices when they do not all fit on the screen. Drop-down list box: A drop-down list box displays the current selection. When the user clicks the arrow, a list of the available choices displays. Option button: Option buttons, or radio buttons, represent groups of options. The user can select only one option at a time; selected options contain a black dot. Check box: A check box is used to select one or more choices from a group. A checkmark or an X represents selected options. Calendar control: A calendar control allows the user to select a date that the system will display and store as a field value.

5. Define detail reports, exception reports, and summary reports. Explain the concept of a control field and how it is used to produce a control-break report. 6. List and describe various types of output, including technology-based forms of information delivery. 7. Explain each of the data validation rules mentioned in this chapter. 8. What are the main principles of source document design? 9. Explain batch and online input methods. Define source data automation and provide an example. 10. Provide four guidelines for reducing input volume.