Form of the Present Progressive Tense The progressive is formed with the present of ''be + the -ing form''.

I am > I'm > waiting. You are > You're > waiting. He is > He's > writing. She is > She's > running. It is > It's > beginning. We are > We're > lying. You are > You're > lying. They are > They're > lying.

Spelling: how to add '-ing' to a verb wait/waiting We can add -ing to most verbs without changing the spelling of their base forms. Other examples: beat/beating, carry/carrying, catch/catching, drink/drinking, en oy/en oying, hurry/hurrying. write/writing !f a verb ends in -e, omit the -e and add "ing. Other examples: come/coming, have/having, make/making, ride/riding, use/using. This rule does not apply to verbs ending in double e: agree/agreeing, see/seeing# or to age/ageing and singe/singeing. run/running $ verb that is spelt with a single vowel followed by a single consonant doubles its final consonant. Other examples: hit/hitting, let/letting, put/putting, run/running, sit/sitting. %ompare: e.g. beat/beating which is not spelt with a single vowel and which therefore does not double its final consonant. begin/beginning With two"syllable verbs, the final consonant is normally doubled when the last syllable is stressed. Other examples: for&get/forgetting, pre&fer/preferring, up&set/upsetting. %ompare: &benefit/benefiting, &differ/differing and &profit/profiting which are stressed on their first syllables and do not double their final consonants. 'ote &label/labelling, &(uarrel/(uarrelling, &signal/signalling and &travel/travelling )*r+, which are exceptions to this rule. %ompare: labeling, (uarreling, signaling, traveling )$m+,: -ic at the end of a verb changes to -ick when we add -ing: panic/panicking, picnic/picknicking, traffic/trafficking. lie/lying

Other examples: die/dying, tie/tying.

Uses of the Present Progressive Tense $ctions in progress at the moment of speaking We use the -resent -rogressive to describe actions or events which are in progress at the moment of speaking. To emphasi.e this, we often use adverbials like now at the moment !ust etc." /omeone&s knocking at the door. %an you answer it0 What are you doing0 " !&m !ust tying up my shoe"laces. 1e&s working at the moment, so he can&t come to the telephone.

$ctions in progress are seen as uncompleted: 1e&s talking to his girlfriend on the phone.

We can emphasi.e the idea of duration with still: 1e&s still talking to his girlfriend on the phone.

Temporary situations The -resent -rogressive can be used to describe actions and situations which may not have been happening long, or which are thought of as being in progress for a limited period: What&s your daughter doing these days0 /he&s studying +nglish at 2urham 3niversity.

/uch situations may not be happening at the moment of speaking: 2on&t take that ladder away. 4our father&s using it. )i.e. but perhaps not at the moment, /he&s at her best when she&s making big decisions.

Temporary events may be in progress at the moment of speaking: The river is flowing very fast after last night&s rain.

We also use the -resent -rogressive to describe current trends: -eople are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days.

-lanned actions: future reference We use the -resent -rogressive to refer to activities and events planned for the future. We generally need an adverbial unless the meaning is clear from the context:

We&re spending next winter in $ustralia.

This use of the -resent -rogressive is also commonly associated with future arrival and departure and occurs with verbs like arri#e come go lea#e etc. to describe travel arrangements: 1e&s arriving tomorrow morning on the 56.78 train.

The adverbial and the context prevent confusion with the present progressive to describe an action which is in progress at the time of speaking: 9ook: The train&s leaving. )i.e. it&s actually moving,

;epeated actions The adverbs always )in the sense of &fre(uently&,, constantly continually fore#er $er$etually and re$eate%ly can be used with progressive forms to describe continually"repeated actions: /he&s always helping people.

/ome stative verbs can have progressive forms with always etc." !&m always hearing strange stories about him.

/ometimes there can be implied complaint or annoyance in this use of the progressive when it refers to something that happens too often: Our burglar alarm is forever going off for no reason.