Markscheme bio 3 trial selangor 2007

Paper 3 (4551/3)

1 (a) (i) [KB0601 - Observation]

Score Criteria
3 Able to state any two observations correctly according to the criteria:
• Fan speed
• Initial and final weight
• Comparison (higher or lower)

Sample answers:

1. At fan speed 0, the weight loss is smallest that is 0.9g/ initial weight is decreased
by 0.9g
2. At fan speed 3, the weight loss is highest that is 69.70g / initial weight is decreased
by 69.7g

2 Able to state any one observation correctly.

or
Able to state any two incomplete observations ( any 2 criteria)

Sample answers:
1. At fan speed 0, the weight loss is smallest / initial weight is decreased
2. At fan speed 3, the weight loss is highest / initial weight is decreased

1 Able to state any one idea of observation.(any 1criteria)

Sample answers:
1. Different speed of fan cause different weight loss.
2. The higher speed of the fan, the higher weight loss.
3. Speed of fan used affects the weight loss.
4. Air movement cause weight loss.

0 Not able to response or wrong response.

1 (a) (ii) [KB0604 - Making inferences]

Score Criteria
3 Able to make one logical inference for each observation based on the criteria
• Fan speed
• Condition of air movement
• More/less water loss

Sample answers:
1. At fan speed 0, the air movement is slow, so less water loss.
2. At fan speed 3, the air movement is fast, so more water loss.
Markscheme bio 3 trial selangor 2007

2 Able to make one logical inference for any one observation.

or
Able to make one logical and incomplete inference base on 2 criteria for each
observation.

Sample answer:
1. Different speed of air movement will causes different weight loss
2. Different speed of air movement causes different transpiration rate.

1 Able to make an idea of inference with one criteria.

Sample answers
1. Air movement affect transpiration rate
2. Transpiration rate vary at different speed of air movement

0 Not able to response or wrong response.

(b)(i) [KB0606 – Communicating]

Score Criteria
3 Able to draw a table with all column and row labeled with complete unit
Sample answers

Fan speed Weight Loss/ Transpiration rate

(water loss) (g/min)
(g)
0
1
2
3

2 Able to draw a table with 2 label of column.

1 Able to draw a table with 1 label of column
0 Not able to response or wrong response.

(b)(ii) [KB0603 – Measuring Using Number]

Score Criteria
3 Able to calculate and record all the weight loss and the transpiration rate
Sample answers
Weight loss/ Transpiration rate
(water loss) (g) (g/min)
0 0.90 0.03
1 18.60 0.62
2 40.50 1.35
3 69.70 2.32

2 Able to calculate and record 5-7 the weight loss and the transpiration rate
1 Able to calculate and record 2-4 the weight loss and the transpiration rate
0 Not able to response or wrong response.
Markscheme bio 3 trial selangor 2007

(b) (iii) [KB0607 – Interprating Data]

Score Criteria
3 Able to state clearly and accurately the relationship between the air movement,
water loss with the rate of transpiration base on:
• Air movement
• Water loss
• Transpiration

Sample answer:
1. Slow air movement causes less water loss due to less water being
transpired out by the plant
2. High air movement causes more water loss due to more waterbeing
transpired out by the plant

2 Able to state clearly but less accurate the relationship between the air
movement, water loss with the rate of transpiration base on 2 criteria:

Sample answer:
1. Slow air movement causes less water transpired out by the plant
2. High air movement causes more water transpired out by the plant

1 Able to state the idea of the relationship between increasing the air movement
speed with the rate of transpiration, base on 1 criteria
1. water loss Air movement will affect the transpiration process / water loss
from the plant

0 Not able to response or wrong response.

(c) [KB061001 – Controling Variables]

Variables How the variables are operated

Manipulated:
Air movement / fan speed Fan is switched on at different speed

Responding:
Weight loss / rate of Calculating the difference in weight at the beginning and end
transpiration of experiment/ calculating weight loss/ calculating the rate of
transpiration using formula.

Fixed:
Light intensity Experiment is done at same lighted place/
Time Time is fixed to 30 minutes for every experiment.

Score :
Score 3: 5 - 6 correct answers
Markscheme bio 3 trial selangor 2007

Score 2: 3 - 4 correct answers

Score 1: 1 - 2 correct answers

(d) [KB0611- Making Hypothesis]

Score Criteria
3 Able to state a hypothesis to show a relationship between the manipulated
variable and responding variable and the hypothesis can be validated, base on
3 criteria:
• manipulated variable
• responding variable
• relationship

Sample answer :
The higher the speed of the fan, the higher the rate of transpiration/
The higher the speed of the fan, more water is lost due to transpiration

2 Able to state less accurate hypothesis to show a relationship between

manipulated variable and responding variable base on 2 criteria.

Sample answer
1. Different speed of air movement causes different rate of transpiration
2. Different speed of air movement causes different amount of water lost

1 Able to state idea of hypothesis to show a relationship between manipulated

variable and responding variable base on 1 criterion.

Sample answer
1. Air movement causes different rate of transpiration
2. Air movement causes different amount of water loss
3. Air movement affect amount of water loss/ transpiration rate.

0 Not able to response or wrong response.

(e) [KB0608 – Space and Time Relationship]

Score Criteria
3 Able to state clearly and accurately the relationship between increasing the air
movement speed with the rate of transpiration base on criteria:
• Speed increases /decreases air movement
• Effect on transpiration process
• Relationship
Sample answer:
1. Increasing speed of air movement will speed up the transpiration process /
speed up water loss from the plant.
2. Decreasing speed of air movement will slow down the transpiration process/
slow down water loss from the plant.
Markscheme bio 3 trial selangor 2007

2 Able to state clearly but less accurate the relationship between increasing the air
movement speed with the rate of transpiration base on 2 criteria

Sample answer:
1. Increasing speed of air movement affects the transpiration process / affects
water loss from the plant.
2. Air movement affects the transpiration process / water loss from the plant.

1 Able to state the idea of the relationship between increasing speed of the air
movement speed with the rate of transpiration, base on 1 criteria
Sample answer:

1. Amount of water loss depend on air movement

2. Different speed of water movement causes different rate of transpiration

0 Not able to response or wrong response.

(f) [KB0609 [Define operationally]

Score Criteria
3 Able to explain the transpiration process base on experiment correctly:
Sample answer:

1. Transpiration process is the loss of water from the plant shoot shows by weight
loss and affected by air movement.

2 Able to state the transpiration process base on experiment:

Sample answer:

1. Transpiration is the loss of water from the plant shoot affected by air movement.

1 Able to state the idea of the transpiration or the theoretical definition of transpiration
1. Transpiration is the loss of water from the plant shoot.
2. Transpiration is the process of evaporation of water from the plant.

0 Not able to response or wrong response.

(g) [KB0605 – Predicting]

Score Criteria
3 Able to predict the result accurately.
• Expected transpiration rate
• Compare to which
• The reason of the answer

Sample answer:
Transpiration rate at fan speed 3, in the dark less than 2.32g/min, because the
stomata are closed in the dark, less water evaporate from the plant shoot.
Markscheme bio 3 trial selangor 2007

2 Able to predict the result less accurate:

Sample answer:
Transpiration rate at fan speed 3, in the dark less than 2.32g/min

1 Able to give idea of the result

Transpiration rate is low
Water loss is less.

0 Not able to response or wrong response.

(i) [KB0602 – Classifying]

Score Criteria
3 Able to classify the apparatus and materials used in this experiment according to
their purpose in this experiment.
Sample answer

the apparatus and materials their purpose in this experiment

used
Weighing scale Measuring the weight
Set- up P For experimenting
Fan To control speed of air movement
Stopwatch To set the time used.

Able to classify 4 apparatus and materials used in this experiment

2 Able to classify 3 apparatus and materials used in this experiment

1 Able to classify 1-2 apparatus and materials used in this experiment

0 Not able to response or wrong response.
Markscheme bio 3 trial selangor 2007

QUESTION 2
Markscheme bio 3 trial selangor 2007

Aspect Criteria
Able to state the objective of the experiment correctly Score
KB061201
Objective Able to write
Sample Answer a problem statement correctly
Sample Answer √3
• To determine the oxygen and carbon dioxide content in
Identifying • Does
inhaledinhaled air contain
and exhaled air more oxygen and less carbon
Problem dioxide than exhaled air?
Statement
Able to write a problem statement but less correctly
Sample Answer 2
• Does inhaled air contain more oxygen than exhaled air? //
• Does exhaled air contain less carbon dioxide than exhaled
air? //
• Does inhaled and exhaled air contain oxygen? //
• Does inhaled and exhaled air contain carbon dioxide? //
• Does inhaled air contain oxygen and carbon dioxide? //
• Does exhaled air contain oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Able to give an idea about the problem statement.

Sample Answer 1
• Does inhaled air contain oxygen/carbon dioxide? //
• Does exhaled air contain oxygen/carbon dioxide?

Wrong or no response
Sample Answer 0
• Does exhaled air contain more oxygen and less carbon
dioxide than inhaled air? //
• Does inhaled air contain more carbon dioxide and less
oxygen than exhaled air? //
• Does inhaled/exhaled air contain water vapour?

Aspect Criteria Score

Able to identify all the three variables correctly
Variables Sample Answer √
• Manipulated variable : type of air sample (inhaled or exhaled
air)
• Responding variable : percentage/quantity of oxygen and
carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air
• Fixed variable : length/volume of air used/ source of
sample/

Able to identify any two variables correctly √√

Able to identify any one variable correctly √
Wrong or no response No tick
Markscheme bio 3 trial selangor 2007

Aspect Criteria Score

KB061202 Able to write a suitable hypothesis correctly
Sample Answer 3
Making • Inhaled air contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide
hypothesi than exhaled air //
s • Inhaled air contains more carbon dioxide and less oxygen
than exhaled air //
• Exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide and less oxygen
than inhaled air //
• Exhaled air contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide
than inhaled air.

Able to write a hypothesis but less correctly

Sample Answer 2
• Inhaled air contains more/less oxygen than exhaled air //
• Inhaled air contains more/less carbon dioxide than exhaled
air //
• Inhaled and exhaled air contain oxygen //
• Inhaled and exhaled air contain carbon dioxide //
• Inhaled air contains oxygen and carbon dioxide //
• Exhaled air contains oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Able to give an idea about the problem statement.

Sample Answer 1
• Inhaled air contains oxygen/carbon dioxide //
• Exhaled air contains oxygen / carbon dioxide //

Wrong or no response
Sample Answer 0
• Inhaled/exhaled air contains respiratory gases
Markscheme bio 3 trial selangor 2007

Aspect Criteria Score

KB061205 Able to list all materials and apparatus needed to carry out the
experiment successfully. 3
Materials Sample Answer
and Materials : Potassium hydroxide solution
Apparatus Potassium pyrogallate solution
Water
Apparatus : J-tube
Ruler
Beaker
Boiling tube
Basin / water bath
Rubber tubings

Able to list materials and apparatus needed to carry out the

experiment. 2
Sample Answer
Materials : Potassium hydroxide solution
Potassium pyrogallate solution
Apparatus : J-tube
Ruler
Boiling tube / beaker
Basin / water bath

Able to list the basic materials and apparatus needed to carry

out the experiment. 1
Sample Answer
Materials : Potassium hydroxide solution
Potassium pyrogallate solution
Apparatus : J-tube
Ruler
Boiling tube / beaker

Incomplete list or wrong or no response 0

Markscheme bio 3 trial selangor 2007

Aspect Criteria Score

Able to state the technique used in carrying out the experiment
Technique correctly B1 = 1
Sample Answer
• To calculate percentage of carbon dioxide content in inhaled
/ exhaled air using the formula :

Percentage of CO2 = _(x – y)_cm x 100%

x cm

x = length of air column of inhaled / exhaled air

y = length of air column upon adding porassium
hydroxide solution
z = length of air column upon adding porassium
pyrogallate solution

• To calculate percentage of oxygen content in inhaled /

exhaled air using the formula :

Percentage of O2 = _(y – z)_cm x 100%

x cm

x = length of air column of inhaled/exhaled air

y = length of air column upon adding porassium
hydroxide solution
z = length of air column upon adding porassium
pyrogallate solution

• To measure the length (and record) of air column

occupied by oxygen in inhaled/exhaled air using a ruler

• To measure the length (and record) of air column

occupied by carbon dioxide in inhaled/exhaled air using
a ruler
Markscheme bio 3 trial selangor 2007

Aspect Criteria Score

KB061204 Able to write all the steps in carrying out the experiment
successfully.
Procedure

K1 : Steps to set up the apparatus

K2 : Steps to handle the fixed variable
K3 : Steps to handle the manipulated variable
K4 : Steps to handle the responding variable
K5 : Precautionary steps / steps taken to get accurate results /
readings

Sample Answer

Please refer to pg 8

Scoring Rubric

All K1-K5 present 3

K1-K4 present 2

Any 3K present 1

0
Less than 3K or wrong response
Markscheme bio 3 trial selangor 2007

Aspect Criteria Score

Communi- Able to draw a complete table to record the relevant data for B2 = 1
cating both inhaled and exhaled air
data
Sample Answer

Data for inhaled air

Length of inhaled air column at the p cm

beginning of experiment
Length of inhaled air column after q cm
treating with potassium hydroxide
solution
Length of inhaled air column after r cm
treating with potassium pyrogallate
solution
Length of CO2 column in inhaled air (p –q) cm
Length of O2 column in inhaled air (q –r) cm

Percentage of CO2 in inhaled air (p –q) cm x 100%

p cm
Percentage of O2 in inhaled air (q –r) cm x 100%
p cm

Data for exhaled air

Length of exhaled air column at the x cm

beginning of experiment
Length of exhaled air column after y cm
treating with potassium hydroxide
solution
Length of exhaled air column after z cm
treating with potassium pyrogallate
solution
Length of CO2 column in exhaled air (x –y) cm
Length of O2 column in exhaled air (y –z) cm

Percentage of CO2 in exhaled air (x –y) cm x 100%

x cm
Percentage of O2 in exhaled air (y –z) cm x 100%
x cm

Able to draw a complete table to record the relevant data for

either inhaled or exhaled air 2

Able to draw a table to record the relevant data but incomplete

1
Wrong or no response
0
Markscheme bio 3 trial selangor 2007

Aspect Criteria Score

Able to write a suitable conclusion for the experiment.
Conclusio Hypothesis accepted // Hypothesis rejected √
n • Inhaled air contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide
than exhaled air //
• Exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide and less oxygen
than inhaled air

Hypothesis accepted // Hypothesis rejected only No tick

Aspect Criteria Score

KB061203 Able to write a complete report for the experiment.
Experimen
- Scoring Rubric
3
ting
8 – 9 aspects correct
2
6 – 7 aspects correct
1
3 – 5 aspects correct
0
Less than 3 aspects correct

Sample Answer
Procedure Notes
K1 1. Turn the screw of the J-tube until the end
K1 2. Dip the end of the J-tube in water. Draw into the tube about 5 cm of
water.
K1 3. Remove the J-tube from the water. Draw into the tube about 10 cm
of air (inhaled air).
K1 4. Dip the open end of J-tube into the water again. Draw in a little
more water (to seal the air column).
K1 5. Adjust the screw so that the air column is in the middle of the J-
tube.
K5 6. Immerse the J-tube into water bath for 2 minutes, to stabilize the
temperature of air sample.
K4 7. Measure the length of the air column using a ruler. Record the
measurement as p cm.
K1 8. Expel some of the water in the J-tube leaving about 2-3 mm from
the end of the tube.
Markscheme bio 3 trial selangor 2007

K1 9. Dip the open end of the J-tube into the potassium hydroxide and
draw in about 2 – 3 cm of the solution. (Potassium hydroxide
absorbs carbon dioxide from the air column).
K1 10. Remove the tube from the solution and move the air column to and
fro several times.
K4/K5 11. Repeat step 6 and 7. Record the length of air column as q cm.
K1 12. Expel the potassium hydroxide solution leaving about 2-3 mm from
the end of the tube.
K1 13. Repeat step 9 using potassium pyrogallate solution. (Potassium 5K =3m

pyrogallate absorbs oxygen from the air column). 3-4K = 2 m

K4/K5 14. Repeat step 6 and 7. Record the length of the air column as r cm.
1-2K = 1 m
K1
15. Based on the results, calculate the percentage of carbon dioxide
and oxygen in the sample of inhaled air column.
K3
16. Repeat steps 1 – 17 using a sample of exhaled air.
K1
17. Compare the percentages of carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled
air.
K1
18 Compare the percentages of oxygen in inhaled and exhaled air.