Bibliography Primary Sources American History, s.v. "Jackie Robinson," Image, Library of Congress, accessed October 7, 2013. http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/.

This picture was taken for the Library of Congress. The picture shows Robinson on the baseball field when he played for Kansas City. From this source I used the picture as part of my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing him in a uniform of a team he was in before the Brooklyn Dodgers. "BB Moments: Breaking Barriers." MLB Website. Video file, 04:08. Accessed December 4, 2013. http://wapc.mlb.com/play/?content_id=3328380. This is a compilation of different clips of Jackie Robinson playing baseball in the Major Leagues and other sports in his college years. It also includes interviews with former teammates, coaches, and other more recent black baseball players. The clips show his excellence on the field and the interviews provide insight to what he was like as a person. From this source I used the video as a part of my website and for background knowledge. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing other people's points of view on him and commentary about him from when he was playing baseball. Bedder, Bryan. The Jackie Robinson Foundation Foundation Awards Dinner. Photograph. Accessed January 20, 2014. http://www1.pictures.gi.zimbio.com/Jackie%2BRobinson%2BFoundation%2BFoundatio n%2BAwards%2Bwa3yX1pxOGnl.jpg. Jackie Robinson Foundation Founder Rachel Robinson attends the Jackie Robinson Foundation Annual Awards Dinner Chaired by Air Products on March 16, 2009 in New York City. From this source I used the picture of Rachel Robinson in my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing the lasting impact that he had on American society today. BookRags Media Network. "Jackie Robinson Quotes." Brainy Quote. Accessed January 20, 2014. http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/j/jackie_robinson.html. This is a list of famous quotes made by Jackie Robinson. He has quotes about baseball, and about freedom and civil rights. From this source I used the quotes as part of my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing the way he thinks about things like baseball and civil rights. The bronze statue of Robinson serves as a reminder of the former Bruins legacy. Robinsons baseball jersey No. 42 was retired at Dodger Stadium in 1997, 50 years after he broke the color barrier in professional baseball. Photograph. Accessed January 23, 2014.

The bronze statue of Robinson serves as a reminder of the former Bruins legacy. Robinsons baseball jersey No. 42 was retired at Dodger Stadium in 1997, 50 years after he broke the color barrier in professional baseball. From this source I used the picture as part of my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me how important he really was to people who knew him. Carbone, Nick, and Ishaan Tharoor. "Rookie of the Year." Time, September 22, 1947. This article was written because Jackie Robinson was a very important figure in baseball and the Civil Rights Movement, which was a major event in American history. In the shadow of Jim Crow laws, which continued to permit segregation in the U.S., Jackie Robinson made history when he was signed by the Brooklyn Dodgers as the first black player in Major League Baseball.From this source I used the magazine cover for my website and the information as background knowledge. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving me a perspective of Jackie from someone who lived when he did. Celebrity Enlistees. Photograph. Accessed January 20, 2014. http://www.biography.com/people/groups/celebrity-enlistees/photos/celebrity-enlistees. This is a picture of Jackie Robinson in his military uniform. In 1942, Jackie Robinson was drafted into a segregated Army unit. He served with boxing legend Joe Louis. From the source I used the picture of Jackie Robinson for my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing that he did more than just play sports, but that he also served in the military. Effrat, Louis. "Dodgers Purchase Robinson, First Negro in Modern Major League Baseball." The New York Times (NY), April 16, 1947. Accessed October 7, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0410.html#article. This is a newspaper article published by the New York Times on April 16th, 1947. It was written by Louis Effrat. The headline reads, "Dodgers Purchase Robinson, First Negro in Modern Major League Baseball". It talks about the Brooklyn Dodgers becoming the first Major League baseball team to sign a black player. It also gives interviews with Robinson, Branch Rickey, and teammates to get a perspective of what is going on. It is very accurate because it was printed the day after he was signed and includes many different sources in its information. From this source I used the information for my site, and used it for more background information. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving many different sources and many perspectives about Jackie Robinson. Eide, Kenneth. Jackie Robinson and Pee Wee Reese with Two Other Baseball Players from the Brooklyn Dodgers Baseball Team Sitting on the Bench in the Dugout. Photograph. September 21, 1953. Library of Congress. This was a picture taken most likely for a news paper. There is no bias because it is just a picture. This picture shows Jackie Robinson and Pee Wee Reese with two other baseball players from the Brooklyn Dodgers Baseball Team sitting on the bench in the dugout. From this source I

used the picture as part of my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing how he deals with his friends and other people on the baseball field. "Famous Plays of Jackie Robinson, Baseball Hero." In "Famous Plays of Jackie Robinson, Baseball Hero," special issue, Fawcett Publications, July 1950. This is a magazine or comic book highlighting the best plays and hits of Jackie Robinson. The tone of the comic book coveys a feeling of support and encouragement to Robinson. It gives a brief summary of how he became a player in the Major Leagues, then highlights in pictures the many outstanding plays Robinson had made during the three years he had been in the Major Leagues. This shows that at least some of America was able to look past the fact that he was a different race and accept him for the incredible baseball player he was. From this source I used the information as background knowledge and as part of my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing the types of plays he made, and the impact he had on Major League Baseball. Jackie Robinson. Photograph. 1090053. Library of Congress. This is a picture of Jackie Robinson taken by the Library of Congress. From this source I used the picture for my website. This source did not really help me better understand Jackie Robinson because it is just a picture. Jackie Robinson and Son (David) Being Interviewed at the March on Washington. Photograph. National Archives and Records Administration. This picture was taken at the march on Washington on August 28, 1963, most likely for a newspaper. This picture shows Jackie Robinson and his son being interviewed about racial discrimination and what he thinks about it and why he believes what he does. From this source I used the picture for my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing him in an interview setting. "Jackie Robinson Appears before HUAC." The History Channel Website. Audio file, 00:33. Accessed December 4, 2013. http://www.history.com/topics/jackierobinson/speeches#jackie-robinson-appears-before-huac. This is an audio clip of Jackie Robinson talking about what its like to be the minority. He compares his racial segregation to someone not allowed to worship their own religion or someone who spells their name a different way. This shows how his understanding will become an asset to him later on in the Civil Rights movement. From this source I used the video as part of my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me what he thinks about politics and how he responds to interviews and questions about politics. Jackie Robinson Breaks Barriers, The History Channel website, http://www.history.comhttp://www.history.com/videos/jackie-robinson-breaks-barriers (accessed Oct 7, 2013).

This video was created to inform interested people about the life of Jackie Robinson, and how he dealt with racism in baseball and how he changed the game forever. Jackie Robinson was the first African-American to play in major league baseball, and received a lot of criticism because of his color. However, he did his best to set that aside and became one of the best players in the league, showing that you don't have to be white to play or do well in baseball. From this source I used the video as background knowledge for my site. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing how he dealt with all the criticism he got for being African American. "Jackie Robinson Breaks Baseball's Colour Barrier." Britannica.com. Video file, 2:24. Posted 2004. Accessed January 23, 2014. http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/art-71917. This is a video about Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier of baseball. From this video I used the information as background knowledge. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving me a better perspective of who he was. "Jackie Robinson Game Footage." YouTube. mp4 video, 02:13. Accessed March 2, 2011. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqGdZ1y5o0g. This is a video clip of Jackie Robinson playing baseball during games, in practice, and for show in a photo shoot. It shows his expertise and skill in the sport, like him turning double plays, getting hits, and more. From this source I used the video as part of my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me real footage of him running the bases and playing second base and outfield. Jackie Robinson, here in his UCLA track uniform, is the only athlete in UCLA history to letter in four sports baseball, football, basketball and track. Baseball was considered Robinson's "worst" sport at UCLA. Photograph. Accessed January 23, 2014. http://alumni.ucla.edu/share/ucla-history/tmih-apr-robinson.aspx. Jackie Robinson, in his UCLA track uniform, is the only athlete in UCLA history to letter in four sports baseball, football, basketball and track. Baseball was considered Robinson's "worst" sport at UCLA. From this source I used the picture of Jackie as part of my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me just how good Jackie really was at sports. Jackie Robinson in Kansas City Monarchs Uniform. Photograph. 1945. LOT 13074, no. 454. Library of Congress. Accessed November 20, 2013. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgibin/query/i?ammem/bbpix:@field(NUMBER+@band(ppmsc+00039)):displayType=1:m 856sd=ppmsc:m856sf=00039%20. This picture shows Jackie Robinson in a Kansas City Monarchs jersey, the first professional baseball team he played on out of college. It was a team in the negro leagues, as black players were still not allowed in the Major Leagues. This particular picture was used in the Kansas City Call newspaper in 1945. From this source I used the picture as part of my website.

This helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing him when he was in the Negro League of baseball. Jackie Robinson instructing his son's Little League team. Photograph. 1957. This is a picture of Jackie Robinson showing his son and his baseball team how to play baseball. From this source I used the picture as part of my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me how much pride he had with the sport of baseball and that he loved teaching the game to other people. Jackie Robinson on Racial Taunts, The History Channel website, http://www.history.comhttp://www.history.com/speeches/robinson-on-racial-taunts (accessed Oct 7, 2013). This interview was made for Jackie to describe his experience in his first few games when he was subject to many racial taunts and jeers from other teams and spectators. Jackie talks about how the yelling of the spectators and other teams brought the team closer together, because they realized that he was doing the best he could and they didn't care what race he was, just that he was worth being out on the team. From this source I used the video as part of my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me what he thinks of all the criticism being thrown at him, and how he responds to it all. Jackie Robinson sets another marker as he becomes the first Negro to win the coveted 'Most Valuable Player' award of the American Baseball Writers Association. Jackie, the Brooklyn Dodger star second baseman, won over Stan Musial of the Cardinals in polling for the honor. Photograph. Accessed October 6, 2013. http://www.biography.com/people/jackie-robinson-9460813/photos. This picture was taken for the newspaper and for a record. Jackie Robinson sets another marker as he becomes the first Negro to win the coveted 'Most Valuable Player' award of the American Baseball Writers Association. Jackie, the Brooklyn Dodger star second baseman, won over Stan Musial of the Cardinals in polling for the honor. From this source I used the picture for my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing that he was a good enough player to win the MVP award over a white player, even though Jackie was black. "Jackie Robinson Steals Home." YouTube. Video file, 00:38. Posted by Shaggylocks, April 2, 2009. Accessed October 4, 2013. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XY-XshGhMU. This video was taken at the first game of the 1955 World Series against the Dodgers and the Yankees. It was the first game of the 1955 World Series between the Dodgers and the Yankees. Trailing 4-6 at the top of the eighth inning with two outs, Jackie Robinson risks 270 feet of progress on the base paths with a daring steal of home, beating Whitey Ford's pitch to the plate. From this source I used the video as part of my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing how fast he really was and how much of a force he really was on the base path.

The Jackie Robinson Story. Directed by Alfred E. Green. Alpha Video Distributors, 1950. This movie was made to show about Jackie Robinson's life, and how he overcame racial segregation in the MLB, and what he did to try to stop segregation in the US. Robinson broke the baseball color line when the Brooklyn Dodgers started him at first base on April 15, 1947. As the first major league team to play a black man since the 1880s, the Dodgers ended racial segregation that had relegated black players to the Negro leagues for six decades. Robinson was also known for his pursuits outside the baseball diamond. He was the first black television analyst in MLB, and the first black vice-president of a major American corporation. In the 1960s, he helped establish the Freedom National Bank, an African-American-owned financial institution based in Harlem, New York. In recognition of his achievements on and off the field, Robinson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. From this source I used the video as part of my site and used the information as background knowledge. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving me a biography of Jackie with him in it, so I know that it was accurate. "Jack Roosevelt (Jackie) Robinson." FBI Vault. Accessed January 20, 2014. http://vault.fbi.gov/Jack%20Roosevelt%20%28Jackie%29%20Robinson. This is a report from the FBI about a threat that Jackie called in. The FBI came to protect Robinson for a little while in case someone tried to hurt him. From this source I used the information about the threat to Jackie and the pictures of the report for my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me that there were people who really did not like what he did edaling with Civil Rights, but that he kept on trying despite threats against him. Lester, Larry. "My Hero - Jackie Robinson." LarryLester42.com. Accessed January 20, 2014. http://www.larrylester42.com/why-jackie-robinson.html. This web page was made from a person who met Jackie Robinson when he was a kid. The page is about how Robinson inspired this little kid and the experience he had when he met Jackie. From this source I used the picture of Jackie as a little kid. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me how he deals with other people and the kind of person he is off the field. Mack Robinson led the effort to commission a statue of his younger brother, Jack Jackie Roosevelt Robinson, permanently on display at UCLA's baseball stadium. Photograph. Mack Robinson led the effort to commission a statue of his younger brother, Jack Jackie Roosevelt Robinson, permanently on display at UCLA's baseball stadium. From this source I used the picture as part of my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing his brother and how much he really cared for Jackie, showing the effect that Jackie had on others. McCarron, Anthony. "Jackie Robinson: Brooklyn Dodgers Teammates and Foes Remember How He Could Do It Alll." Daily News. Last modified April 13, 2013. Accessed January

20, 2014. http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/baseball/robinson-jack-trades-article1.1315884. This article explains Jackie's baseball career through the eyes of his teammates and opponents. Jackie was a force to be reckoned with; he was a first ballot Hall of Famer, a six-time All-Star and finished in the top 15 in the MVP race seven times, winning the award in 1949. From this source I used multiple pictures for my website, and some of the information as background knowledge and info for my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me the stats for his career and all of his accomplishments, as well as a point of view about his from his teammates and opponents. Members of the Brooklyn Dodgers and their new coach pose in front of their dugout before an exhibition game with the New York Yankees. The team has a new manager and new Negro star player from Montreal, Jackie Robinson. Photograph. Accessed October 6, 2013. http://www.biography.com/people/jackie-robinson-9460813/photos. This picture was taken for a newspaper, when the team had a new manager, and Jackie Robinson was a new player. Members of the Brooklyn Dodgers and their new coach pose in front of their dugout before an exhibition game with the New York Yankees. The team has a new manager and new Negro star player from Montreal, Jackie Robinson. From this source I used the picture for my website. This source did not really help me better understand Jackie Robinson because it is just a picture. Midair action shot of UCLA student Jackie Robinson winning an event at a track meet at the Los Angeles Coliseum. Photograph. Accessed October 6, 2013. http://www.biography.com/people/jackie-robinson-9460813/photos. This picture was taken for a Los Angeles newspaper. The picture is a midair action shot of UCLA student Jackie Robinson winning an event at a track meet at the Los Angeles Coliseum. From this source I used the picture as part of my website. This helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing him in action when he was in college. Morrison, Nick. In 1947, Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier when he joined the Brooklyn Dodgers. Photograph. May 12, 2008. Accessed January 20, 2014. http://www.npr.org/2008/05/12/90375733/play-ball-and-play-bop. This is a picture of Jackie When playing baseball for the Brooklyn Dodgers. He is in his fielding stance at second base ready to get a ball. From this source I used the picture as part of my website. This source does not really help me understand Jackie Robinson any better because it is just a picture. "1955 World Series Dodgers/Yankees Highlights Jackie Steals Home." YouTube. Video file, 06:34. Posted by Brad Davis, September 9, 2012. Accessed October 5, 2013. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4EUXTbbsAg.

This is a video of the 1955 World Series highlights. Jackie Robinson stole home and was called safe on a very close play. From this source I used it as background information to show how good of a player Jackie really was. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me the skill that Jackie really had. Nixon, Richard M. Richard M. Nixon to Jackie Robinson, November 4, 1960. National Archives. This letter was written by Richard M. Nixon to thank Jackie for supporting him in the presidential race. After Hubert Humphrey was eliminated from the presidential elections, Jackie Robinson chose to support Richard Nixon over John Kennedy because he saw Nixon's civil rights record more promising. From this source I used the information in the letter as background knowledge in my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me that he does not really about whether a presidential candidate is Republican or Democrat, but that they will do the right thing by helping the Civil Rights movement. NYCSportsFan. Major League Baseball Honors the First African-American Jackie Robinson Hall of Famer from the Brooklyn Dodgers on Jackie Robinson Day Thursday. Photograph. April 16, 2010. Accessed January 20, 2014. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_28lOKPyGAbI/S8jljrY_nWI/AAAAAAAABCo/hETYDj_if9 w/s1600/Brooklyn%2BDodger%2BInfield%2B%2BJorgensen,%2BReese,%2BStanky% 2Band%2BRobinson%2BOpening%2BDay%2Bin%2BBrooklyn%2BApril%2B15,%2B 1947.jpg. This is a picture of Jackie Robinson and a few of his teammates during a game. This picture shows how people can be unprejudiced about someone's skin color, and that they are just players of a team. From this source I used the picture for my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing him with some of his teammates and showing that they thought of him as part of their team whether he was black or not. Pittsburgh Courier (PA). "In His Big League Debut, Jackie Scores Winning Run." April 17, 1947. Accessed October 7, 2013. http://www.dhr.history.vt.edu/modules/us/mod08_robinson/evidence_detail_12.html. This is an article from the Pittsburgh Courier about Jackie Robinson's major league debut. In his first game as a major league player, Jackie Robinson scored the winning run. From this site I used the picture of the newspaper as part of my website. This source helped me understand Jackie Robinson better by showing that he made a big difference in people's lives, even in the first game of his baseball career. Pittsburgh Courier (Washington Edition) (Pittsburgh, PA). "Jackie Scores Winning Run." April 19, 1947. This is a newspaper article published by the Pittsburgh Courier in April of 1947. The headline reads "JACKIE SCORES WINNING RUN; ROBBIE'S BUNT TURNS TIDE". It also includes a full length picture of Robinson in his Dodgers uniform. It was created to inform the

public of the outcome of a recent Dodgers game. It most likely made the headlines because Robinson was the first black player in the Major Leagues. This made it even more outstanding, on top of him scoring the winning run. Robinson, Jackie. Jackie Robinson to Dwight D. Eisenhower, August 13, 1957. This is a letter from Jackie Robinson to president Dwight D. Eisenhower. In this letter, Jackie tells Eisenhower that he must take action, and cannot wait for the people's hearts to change, for that will not happen. He urges the president to take action and try to change the way people think of the African Americans. From this source I used the letter in my website. This helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me that he is very passionate about the Civil Rights movement, and wants to make sure that the president knows his intentions. . Jackie Robinson to John F. Kennedy, "My Dear Mr. President," February 9, 1961. National Archives. This letter is from Jackie Robinson to President John F. Kennedy about the recent murder of Medgar Evars and implores the President to halt the escalating violence.From this source I used the picture of the telegram as part of my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing how he is well informed of everything going on dealing with Civil Rights, and that he is active in trying to help it. . Jackie Robinson to Jyndon B. Johnson, April 18, 1967. This is a letter from Jackie Robinson to President Lyndon B. Johnson. Jackie is trying get the president more involved with the Civil Rights movement and will do whatever he can to get him to do that. From this source I used the letter in my website. This helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me that he is very concerned about the future of African Americans in this country, and that he wants the president to be as involved a s possible. . Jackie Robinson to Lyndon B. Johnson, telegram, March 9, 1965. National Archives. This is a telegram from Jackie Robinson to Lyndon B. Johnson. Jackie is talking to the president about the incidents in Alabama that must be stopped, or there will be open war between the Negroes and the rest of America. From this source I used the background knowledge for my site. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing how knowledgeable he is about things happening in the country, and is trying to put an end to it. . Jackie Robinson to Roland L. Elliot, "Letter to the White House," April 20, 1972. Library of Congress. Accessed January 21, 2014. http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/letter-1972.html. This is a letter from Jackie Robinson to Roland L. Elliot. Jackie explains that he does not like the fact that the president is not paying very much attention to "Black America," and explains that with rejection comes anger, and that the country cannot afford more conflict. From this letter I used the information about Jackie as background knowledge. This letter helped me

understand Jackie Robinson better by showing me the extent he went through to make sure that the Civil Rights movement was as much of a major issue for debate a sit could be in the White House. Robinson is shown here teaching his son Jackie Jr. how to bat. Photograph. Accessed October 6, 2013. http://www.biography.com/people/jackie-robinson-9460813/photos. This picture was taken for a biography on Jackie Robinson. This is a picture of Jackie showing his son Jackie Jr. how to bat. From this source I used the picture for my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing how he was with his children and how he loved the game of baseball to have his son learn to play it at such a young age. Steve, Padre. Jackie Robinson Stealing Home. Photograph. This is a picture of Jackie Robinson stealing home base. From this source I got the picture for my website. This source did not really help me understand Jackie Robinson any better because it is just a picture.

Secondary Sources Adams, Genetta M. "Jackie Robinson: 10 Interesting Facts." TheRoot.com. Last modified April 8, 2013. Accessed November 21, 2013. http://www.theroot.com/ photos/2013/04/jackie_robinson_10_interesting_facts.html. This web page was created just to inform people about interesting facts about Jackie Robinson's life. Jackie Roosevelt Robinson's middle name was made after Theodore Roosevelt, who invited Booker T. Washington to be the first black man to dine at the white house. He was arrested for sticking up for a friend while in junior college, and he was the first athlete in UCLA history to letter in four sports. He only played in the negro leagues for one year, and tried out for the Red Sox before the Brooklyn Dodgers, but did not make it. He also helped Richard Nixon in his presidential campaign and was the first African American sports commentator. From this source I used the information for background knowledge. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving me some extra insight to the life of Jackie Robinson and what made him the way he was. A&E Networks. "Jackie Robinson Biorgraphy." Biography. Last modified 2014. Accessed December 3, 2013. http://www.biography.com/people/jackie-robinson-9460813?page=3. This article, written by biography.com, describes the life and achievements of Jackie Robinson, in and out of baseball. It also talks about his legacy after his death. This includes the many organizations and charities in his honor and much more. This article taught me about how his legacy will continue to inspire people for many generations to come.

A&E Television Networks. "Jackie Robinson." History.com. Last modified 1991. Accessed October 7, 2013. http://www.history.com/topics/jackie-robinson. This web page was created to inform people about the life of Jackie Robinson and how he broke the color barriers of baseball, changing the sport forever. Jackie Robinson broke baseball's color barrier in 1947 when he joined the Brooklyn Dodgers. He won the Rookie of the Year award in his first season, and went to the World Series six times in his career. Despite being one of the best players in the league, he faced a barrage of insults and threats because he was an African American. He handled all these abuses with courage and ended up winning the 1949 MVP award, and was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1962. He was an important figure in paving the way for the Civil Rights Movement. From this source I used the information for background knowledge. This source helped me understand Jackie Robinson better by explaining his role in baseball and describing how his baseball career affected the Civil Rights movement. Associated Press. "Robinson honored with new Hall of Fame plaque." ESPN.com. Last modified June 25, 2008. Accessed January 5, 2014. http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=mlb&id=3460774&campaign=rsssrch&sour ce=dodgers. This article talks about the MLB honoring Jackie Robinson for the achievements during his baseball career and to give him a proper plaque in the Hall of Fame. The plaque now describes more in detail his achievements. This shows how his actions affected America even after his death. Bamberger, Michael. "Remembering Jackie Robinson's widow wants people to recall her husband as he was." The Spectator, December 24, 1994. Accessed November 26, 2013. http://search.proquest.com/pqcentral/docview/269742018/141FCB95BAA3B622742/2?a ccountid=1860. This is an article based on the legacy that Jackie Robinson left behind even after he died. His wife, Rachel Robinson, has created many organizations in honor of his life, donating thousands of dollars to charities for children and others. She is the chairwoman of the Jackie Robinson Foundation, which awards college scholarships. From this source I used info from the journal to use for the website. This helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me the impact he left and still has in American society today. "Biography." Jackie Robinson - The Official Website. Last modified 2011. Accessed October 7, 2013. http://www.jackierobinson.com/about/bio.html. This website was created to inform people about Jackie Robinson, his life and achievements. Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born in Cairo, Georgia in 1919 to a family of sharecroppers. His mother, Mallie Robinson, single-handedly raised Jackie and her four other children. They were the only black family on their block, and the prejudice they faced only strengthened their bond. He was the first baseball player to break Major League Baseball's color barrier that segregated the sport for over 50 years. From this source I used information for my

website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving me a lot of useful information about him and his life. Business Wire. "Major League Baseball Declares April 15 Jackie Robinson Day; Jackie Robinson Day Will Be Celebrated Every April 15 Beginning This Season." ProQuest. Accessed October 6, 2013. http://search.proquest.com/pqcentral/docview/446222070/140F494657F71260215/1?acc ountid=1860. This article discusses the impact Jackie Robinson had on the world even after his death. His number, 42, was retired from Major League baseball 50 years after the historic event in 1997. In addition, April 15th was declared Jackie Robinson day in his honor. His many organizations and clubs made in his honor still exist today and donate millions of dollars to different charities and organizations for the welfare of children and other people. From this source I used the information in my site and for background information about how Jackie still affects America today. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me how important he was to the Civil Rights movement and that he left a lasting impact, enough to have a day for him. Contemporary Black Biographies, April 1995. Accessed November 20, 2013. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOver Type=&query=&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupN ame=Reference&limiter=&u=chan65444&currPage=&disableHighlighting=true&display Groups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&p=BIC1&action=e&catId=GALE %7C00000000MPPB&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CK1606000526. This is a biography written by Contemporary Black Biographies to inform the reader on the life of Jackie Robinson. It gives early life, early baseball career, success on the field, and life after baseball. The biography is very in depth and goes all the way back to his grandfather, who was a slave. It also goes all the way through his death and discusses his influence after his death. Delcos, John. "Jackie Robinson's Lonely Fight." ProQuest. Accessed October 6, 2013. http://search.proquest.com/docview/274182066/140F49F9BA911C521D6/3?accountid=1 860. This article discusses how difficult it was for Jackie Robinson to do what he did. Countless insults, curses, and even death threats were thrown at him. Opposing teams threw at his head and spiked him along with all the insults. At first even his own teammates were not on his side. In the face of all this, he could not say anything, not fight back or retaliate. It required a great deal of self control, which he knew when he signed the contract. His determination and courage broke though the color barrier and inspired people to take action. From this source I used the information as part of my website and as background knowledge. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by explaining how he dealt with insults and death threats by having a great deal of self control and being able to stand up for himself.

Eig, Jonathan. Opening Day: The Story of Jackie Robinson's First Season. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2007. This is a book about Jackie Robinson's first season in the Major Leagues. After playing in the Negro Leagues and the Minor Leagues, Jackie Robinson was drafted to the Brooklyn Dodgers. He played excellently, but was constantly harassed by fans and other players. From this source I used the information as background knowledge. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving me more insight into his first season of major league baseball. "42 Facts About Jackie Robinson." Mental Floss. Accessed November 21, 2013. http://mentalfloss.com/article/50059/42-facts-about-jackie-robinson. This source has 42 interesting and not well know facts about Jackie Robinson. From this source I used the information as part of my site. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving me some extra facts about him that I would not have known before. "42 Movie CLIP - Get Me Up (2013) - Jackie Robinson Movie HD." YouTube. Video file. Posted March 26, 2013. Accessed November 19, 2013. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upeKFdDWk4I. This is a clip from the 2013 movie called 42, in reference to Jackie Robinson's number. The clip shows him getting spiked by a player on the other team and he falls to the ground in pain. One of his teammates tells the pitcher to hit the next batter in the head for revenge, however Jackie, who has courageously gotten back up despite the pain, says, "Just get 'em out". This shows Jackie's determination to keep a straight face and not fight back, even though the other team has beaten him physically and verbally. This act of nonviolence can not only be seen in Jackie Robinson's baseball career, but in the entire civil rights movement. The nonviolent mindset proved to be an asset to the people fighting for the civil rights movement, such as Martin Luther King, Jr., who's nonviolent acts of bravery and determination helped lead to the equality of all people in America. From this source I used the video in my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing how he knew how to discipline himself and not fight back whether he wanted to or not. Hill, Justice B. "One meeting, two men, a changed world." MLB.com. Last modified April 15, 2008. Accessed January 3, 2014. http://mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20080415&content_id=2529821. This article, created for the MLB website, describes the impact that Jackie Robinson had on baseball, and America as a whole. It also describes from Branch Ricky's point of view the goals, views, and the purpose of accepting Jackie Robinson into the major leagues. This article shed light on what Branch Ricky was thinking throughout all this, and that is helpful because most articles are solely on Robinson. Irvin, Monte. "Robinson, Jack Roosevelt (Jackie) (19191972)." Grolier. Accessed October 6, 2013. http://go.grolier.com.

This article talks about the life of Jackie Robinson and how he affected the Civil Rights movement. From this source I used the information as background knowledge. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving me more information about what he did in his lifetime. "Jackie Robinson." Encyclopedia Britannica, 2013. Accessed December 4, 2013. http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-9063923. This article is a segment on Britannica's black history month section and it describes his achievements in baseball, including being elected the MVP in 1949. After this it describes his actions after he retired from baseball. It talks about the many books Robinson published, organizations, and charities that he started and funded. It also mentions the hardships that Robinson had to face while playing in the major leagues. This included the many racial taunts said to him during games all the way up to the death threats he received when visiting away towns. This article showed me how the road to Jackie Robinson's success was neither easy nor pretty but he had the right mentality and he became very successful. "Jackie Robinson." Unpublished raw data, n.d. Accessed January 20, 2014. http://www.baseballreference.com/players/r/robinja02.shtml. This site has all of the statistics of Jackie Robinson's baseball career including batting average, on-base percentage, and number of hits. From this site I used some of the statistics for my site. This helped me understand Jackie Robinson better by showing me the raw data of Jackie's baseball career. Jackie Robinson 3b of Brooklyn Dodgers. Photograph. Accessed January 20, 2014. http://www.sportsandsocialchange.org/index.php/blog/2013/01/31/99-happy-birthdayjackie-robinson-you-are-sports-and-social-change. This is a picture of a baseball card from when Jackie was playing baseball. From this source I used the picture of the baseball card for my website. This did not really help me understand Jackie any better because it is just a baseball card. The Jackie Robinson Foundation. Last modified 2011. Accessed December 3, 2013. http://www.jackierobinson.org. This is the official website for the Jackie Robinson Foundation. It was founded by Jackie's wife Rachel in 1973 and "provides generous fouryear college scholarships in conjunction with a comprehensive set of skills and opportunities to disadvantaged students of color to ensure their success in college and to develop their leadership potential" (taken from website). From this site I used the information on it for my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing how much of an impact Jackie Robinson still has today. Jackie Robinson - The Official Site. Last modified 2011. Accessed December 3, 2013. http://www.jackierobinson.com.

This website is the official website for Jackie Robinson. It includes a biography, the many awards and accolades he received, merchandise, and quotes. It was created in honor of his life and achievements. From this source I used the information as part of my site and for background knowledge. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving me a lot of information about his life and career. "Jackie Robinson Timeline." DatesandEvents.org. Accessed November 21, 2013. http://www.datesandevents.org/people-timelines/22-jackie-robinson-timeline.htm. This is a timeline of the main events in Jackie Robinson's life. He was born in Cairo, Georgia to Mallie and Jerry Robinson, and went to UCLA, served in the army, and was a National League MVP and Baseball Hall of Famer. From this source I used the information as part of mt site. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me the main events of his life in order. Kittrels, Alonzo. "Jackie Robinson Had the Courage Not to Fight Back." Philadelphia Tribune, April 28, 2013. Accessed October 6, 2013. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1351558473/140F4AEADCC4119CE59/5?accountid =1860. This article was made to show the courage of Jackie Robinson against racism and the effect he had on the civil rights movement. All his life Jackie Robinson was called names and had racial taunts thrown at him, but he never gave up his pride or dignity in letting it get to him. During his career in the MLB was the worst time for him in terms of racist remarks and slurs, but he had the courage not to fight back and give people something more to be against him for. From this source I used the information as background knowledge. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving me new information about him from a different person. Linker, Andrew. Updating a Profile in Courage. Photograph. June 25, 2008. This is a picture of Jackie Robinson when he was playing for the Brooklyn Dodgers. The article is about the courage that Jackie had to stand up to all the racial taunts and threats he got throughout his years in baseball. From this source I used the picture as part of my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing me how he dealt with all the criticisms he got and how he knew not to fight back. Long, Michael G., ed. First Class Citizenship: the Civil Rights Letters of Jackie Robinson. New York: Henry Holt, 2007. This is a book about Jackie Robinson's role in the Civil Rights movement, and what he did to help it. From this source I used the information as background knowledge. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving a deeper perception of what Jackie really did for the Civil Rights movement.

Michigan Chronicle (Detroit, MI). "Major League Baseball and the Jackie Robinson Foundation." March 26, 1997. Accessed November 26, 2013. http://search.proquest.com/pqcentral/docview/390209201/141FCB95BAA3B622742/7?a ccountid=1860. This is a newspaper article about how Major League baseball and the Jackie Robinson Foundation are celebrating and remembering the life and legacy of Jackie Robinson. The purpose of the Jackie Robinson Foundation was to "...cultivate the leadership talents of young people who embody the same determination, integrity, and passion that guided my husband's actions on and off the ball field." Also, in 1997, Major League baseball dedicated the 1997 championship season to Jackie Robinson. From this source I used the information as background knowledge. This helped me better understand Jackie Robinson because it shows how his legacy and impact has lived on years after he died. Milbert, Neil. "Robinson, Jackie." World Book Student. Accessed November 21, 2013. http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar471880&st=jackie+robinson. This article gives a summary of Jackie Robinson's life and career. It does not go into great detail but provides accurate and valid information. It also mentions the impact of breaking the color barrier in 1947. After he did this, many segregated areas began to admit blacks. From this source I used the information for my website and as background knowledge. This helped me better understand Jackie Robinson because it shows once again the impact of his determination and courage. National Baseball Hall of Fame. "Robinson, Jackie." Baseball Hall of Fame. Accessed October 7, 2013. http://baseballhall.org/hof/robinson-jackie. This web site was made for the Baseball Hall of Fame. Jackie Robinson was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1962. From this source I used the picture and information for my website. This helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by showing that anyone can achieve great things, like being in the Hall of Fame, whether they are white, black or any other race. Rampersad, Arnold. Jackie Robinson: A Biography. New York, NY: Random House, 1997. This book was made to inform people about the life and legacy of Jackie Robinson. Jackie Robinson grew up in Pasadena, and became a very accomplished athlete and became the first athlete in UCLA history to letter in four sports. Most of his life he suffered from racial taunting and slurs, but he never let in ruin his pride and dignity. He eventually made it to become the first African American to play in the MBL, and fought in the civil rights movement for many years. From this source I used the information as background knowledge. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving me more information about his life until he was in college. "Robinson, Jackie." America the Beautiful. Grolier Online http://atb.grolier.com/cgibin/article?templatename=profile.html& assetid=atb011b07&assettype=b (accessed January 20, 2014).

This article was meant to inform people about the baseball career of Jackie Robinson. In 1947, the Brooklyn Dodgers rookie second baseman became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball. Despite being constantly taunted by racial remarks, he became one of the best players of his era and became a national icon. From this site I used the information as background knowledge in order to get a better perspective about Jackie Robinson. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving me more useful information about him. "Today in History: April 15." Library of Congress. Accessed November 20, 2013. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/apr15.html. This source written by the Library of Congress gives a brief summary of the life of Jackie Robinson and his significance in American history. It uses quotes from Robinson and Branch Rickey to inform the reader of the struggles and difficulties that came with putting the first black player in Major League baseball. From this source I used the information as part of my website. This source helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving me more information about him from a different point of view. Tygiel, Jules Tygiel. "Baseball's Great Experiment: Jackie Robinson and His Legacy." The Reader's Companion to American History, 1991. Accessed December 3, 2013. http://www.history.com/topics/jackie-robinson. This is an article written on Jackie Robinson and the many challenges he faced when he became the first African American in Major League baseball. The author of the article refers to his acceptance into the Major Leagues as a social experiment more than a statement by Branch Rickey. Witham, Drake. "50 YEARS AGO, JACKIE ROBINSON CAME TO BAT: [METRO Edition]." Knight-Ridder Newspapers, April 1, 1997. Accessed October 6, 2013. http://search.proquest.com/docview/278944484/140F4AEADCC4119CE59/8?accountid= 1860. This is an article about when Jackie Robinson first came to bat in the major leagues. From this article I used the information as part of my website. This helped me better understand Jackie Robinson by giving me more details about what he was like when he first became a Dodger.