2008 International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application, Chongqing, China, November 9-13, 2008

Simulation Analysis on lightning accident of 500kV DC transmission line based on ATP-EMTP

YANG Li Bin, SIMA Wen-xia, YANG Qing State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New TechnologyChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China
Abstract- This paper calculates and researches on lightning accident of 500kV XING-AN DC transmission line in GUANGDONG based on ATP-EMTP. the finding shows that: when a 34.5kA lightning current strike to the positive polar conductor , the grounding electrode line would produce the unbalanced current as soon as the over-voltage arrived at the line end. the over-voltage wave cause the insulator of the grounding electrode line flashover on both side of the line, which would aggravate the unbalance current of the grounding polar lines and the unbalanced current causes the negative polar conductor atresia. Key words- DC transmission line; ATP-EMTP; insulator flashover; grounding electrode line; unbalanced current; polar conductor atresia

models available analysis the same lighting accident for practical HVDC system. II. ACCIDENT PROCESS AND ANALYSIS 2008.7.30 17:35:22, the DC transmission line appear fault on the positive polar conductor I, the traveling wave protection and low-voltage protection acts, the line restart is unsuccessful after a period of the act removing intracellular free time, then a request for inverter station lock is acquired and the positive polar conductor is locking, At 17:35:25, the grounding polar unbalanced protection of the polar II acts and the action outlet locked the polar II under the monopole ground return operation mode. According to the site inspection, there is no abnormal changes in the primary and second apparatus and the lightning fault point is located at about 247.483km distance to the BAO-AN substation, this distance exceed the scope of the DC transmission line and the grounding electrode line on the same tower, the arcing horn of Insulators on the grounding electrode line had the obvious discharge phenomena in several location, the lightning location system show that there is a lightning current amplitude about 34.5kA in the tower when the line transmission line trip outs. According to the site inspection and the lightning location system, there is a preliminary analysis of the accident, the main reason is that the grounding electrode line produce the unbalanced current as soon as the lightning stroke on the positive polar conductor Ithe DC transmission line fault restart is unsuccessful and the locked the polar I, the polar II is converted to the monopole ground return operation mode, the polar II locked due to the unbalanced current of the grounding electrode line, which is up to condition of unbalanced current protection action. III. SIMULATION CALCILATIOM CONDITION AND SIMULATIOM MODEL A. Lightning current model Usually, in the simulation analysis of lightning backflashover protection performance, the lightning current is represented by triangle wave, cosine wave and biexponential wave. The lightning stroke is represented in this paper by a single-stroke two exponentials-type 15 current source of negative polarity, with a parallel impedance equal to the lightning channel surge impedance. The shape of the surge[3,4], is described by

I.

INTRODUCTION

Overhead transmission lines is an important part of power systems. It distributes in the wilderness and extends miles, extremely easy to suffer the lightning. In order to improve the reliability of the High Voltage Direct Current Transmission system and select basic lightning impulse insulation level of equipment in converters station properly, the over-voltages of HVDC system must be studied in detail[1]. For HVDV transmission line, when the lightning stroke the tower or overhead ground wire, which hitting the polarity is contrary to the thunder or lightning stroke on the conductor and the conductor polarity is the same with the lightning current, so the withstand voltage of single insulator is the sum of lightning impulse voltage and directcurrent operating voltage. HVDC transmission system with these characteristics make bipolar unbalance in the insulation properties, the analysis of the level of mineresistant should be taken into account the impact of direct current voltage[2]. UHV line foreign and domestic 500 kV direct
current line running experience has shown that the attack was mainly caused by lightning shielding failure. Therefore, the 500 kV high voltage direct current lines has been modeled and simulated, in theory reveal the reason of lightning shielding failure result in insulator flashover accident.

In this paper, the XING-AN 500kV HVDC system is simulated and the lightning accident in the transmission line are calculated and analysis by electromagnetic transient simulation software ATP-EMTP, Based on the practical parameters of XING-AN 500kV HVDC system, the dissertation establishes the models of tower, transmission line, flashover characteristic of insulator, The calculated results are closed to practical situation, thus make the

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i = I m (e at e bt )

(1)

Where Im is the peak value of the lightning current, a and b is the constants which specify the falling slope and rising slope, respectively. In this paper, we have not considered about the effect of the positive polarity. B. Tower model Although the lightning response of a transmission line tower is an electromagnetic phenomenon, the representation of a tower is usually made in circuit terms. There are some reasons to support this approach: such representation can be implemented in general purpose simulation tools, e.g. EMTP like programs, Several tower models have been developed over the years, they were developed using a theoretical approach[5,6] or based on an experimental work[7]. The simplest representation is a lossless distributed parameter transmission line, characterized by a surge impedance and a travel time.

paper, distributed transmission line model is employed to simulate the tower model. and the DC transmission line and the grounding electrode line is on the same tower, as shown in Figure 1.and Figure.2. C. Simulation Model For 500kV DC transmission line with the DC conductor type of 2LGJ-630/45, the shield line type is GJ-70, the tower footing impedance is 7, the lightning current waveform is 2.6/50, the line by JMati frequency dependent model. without considering the influence of corona, the DC transmission line comes to a steady state after the DC source is entered to a circuit about 50ms due to the smoothing wave reactor. In order to simulation result is close
to the practical situation, the lightning strike on the positive polar conductor I when simulation time is up to 70ms and the load is disconnection when the over-voltage wave amplitude comes to the load, and then the system is converted form the bipolar operation mode to the monopole ground return operation mode.

Tower

model of tower Fig 3 simulation model

Fig.1 . Parameters of towers & calculating model of distributed transmission line model

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. The analysis of insulator strings flashover condition of the grounding pole line The shielding failures occur on positive polar conductor are analyzed. In the Fig.4 and Fig 5, the number 1,2,3 and the number 4,5,6 represent the voltage waveform on the insulator strings of the grounding electrode corresponding to the positive polar conductor and negative polar conductor respectively. As shown in Fig.4, from the waveform of the number 1,4 ,we can learn that the insulator strings flashover of the grounding electrode line on the tower 1,which is located at 225m distance to the BAO-AN substation and the flashover time is at the first refraction wave arrived, the
reason for the insulator strings flashover is that the refraction and echo of fault traveling wave at the line end, which increase the amplitude. The distance is relatively far from the substation,

Fig.2 schematic diagram of the double Line with the Same Tower

The surge propagation velocity along tower elements can be assumed of the light, the multiple paths of the lattice structure and the cross-arms introduce some time delays; consequently the time for a complete reflection from ground is longer than that obtained from a travel time whose value is the tower height divided by the speed of light. Therefore, the propagation velocity in the above models was reduced to include these effects in the tower response[8]. In this

the insulator is not flashover due to the the insulator strings flashover of the grounding electrode line on the tower 1,

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which reduce the voltage on the insulator strings.

to 584A, the negative polar conductor locked due to the current difference meet the condition of action,.

Fig.4 the voltage waveform of the insulator strings on the grounding electrode line close to BAO-AN substation

Fig.6 the current waveform of the grounding electrode line

C. The voltage distribution along the grounding electrode line In order to understand the voltage distribution along the grounding electrode line, the insulators of the grounding polar lines are not flashover by increasing number of insulators, the simulation results in Table 1, it can be found that the grounding polar line voltage is increased as the over-voltage wave propagating along the positive polar conductor and the voltage value is up to the maximum and the value will cause the insulator strings flashover of the grounding polar line.
TABLE 1.THE GROUNDING POLAR LINE VOLTAGE AT THE DISTANCE FROM BAOAN SUBSTATION Distance from BAOAN substation (km) The grounding polar line 1 voltage(kV) The grounding polar line 2 voltage(kV) 0.9 368 370 11.35 156 328 51.35 158 322 91.8 141 252 131.8 103 154 182.3 -68 -145

Fig.5 the voltage waveform of the insulator strings on the grounding electrode line close to grounding station

Form the Fig.5 we can learn that the insulator strings flashover of the grounding electrode line corresponding to the negative polar conductor and the other is not flashover, when the over-voltage arrive the first tower of the DC transmission line and the grounding electrode line on the same tower nearby the lightning strike spots, the coupling over-voltage wave will produce on the grounding electrode line due to the coupling effect between the conductors, the coupling over-voltage wave is the same polarity with the over-voltage of the stroke line, this makes the same polarity line easy to flashover. The flashover time is at the first amplitude and the insulator string on the adjacent towers is not flashover. Although the insulator string flashover on both side of the DC transmission line and the grounding electrode line on the same tower, theirs flashover procession is different. B. The current of the grounding electrode line The current was almost balance in the bipolar operation mode before the lightning wave amplitude arrived at the load. When the positive polar conductor is locked and the system is converted from the bipolar operation mode to the monopole ground return operation mode, the current had mutations from -441.2A, 390.87A to -2145.5A, -1561.45A, the current ratio is about 1.4:1, the unbalance current is up

V.

CAUSE ANALYSIS

According to the above simulation calculation and analysis the reason of the accident is that the 34kA lightning current strike the point, where is located at about 247.483km distance to the BAO-AN substation as the over-voltage wave propagating along the lines, due to the coupling effect between the conductor, the grounding polar line would produced the coupling voltage wave, which make the insulator strings flashover. This would aggravate the unbalance current of the grounding polar lines and the insulator strings at the both side of the DC transmission line and the grounding electrode line on the same tower is easy to flashover, if the current difference is up to the block condition, the negative polar conductor is locked. This is agreed with the field examination. VI. PREVENTTIVE MEASURES

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In order to improve the reliability of the High Voltage Direct Current Transmission system, some measures should be taken such as the arresters installed at both side of the lines and
improving the insulation level of the grounding polar lines by increasing number of insulators on the two tower at the both side of the HVDC transmission line and the grounding electrode

[4]. [5]. [6].

line on the same tower. REFERENCE

[1]. [2]. [3]. Zhang Zhigang. Study on the Overvoltages in Transmission Lines of HVDC Systems[D] WUHAN: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Match, 2006. Chen Zhi, Wan Junbiao, Simulation Study On the Lightning Strike to Ultra-HVDC Transmission Lines Jiangxi power, vol 32, No.1, 2008. Shuji Sato; Koji Kato; Tomoaki Ito and Sumiko Sakaguchi, Double-

[7].

[8].

Exponential Parameter Determination for the Lightning Impulse Voltage, T. IEEE Japan, Vol.120-A, No.11, 2000. pp.121-126 F.Heidler and J.M.Cvetic and B.V.Stanic, Calculation of Lightning Current Parameters, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.14, No.2, 1999, pp399-404 C.F. Wagner and A.R. Hileman, A new approach to the calculation of thelightning performance of transmission lines Part III, AIEEE Trans. PartIII, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 589-603, October 1960. M.A. Sargent and M. Darveniza, Tower surge impedance, IEEE Trans.on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 680-687, May 1969. M. Ishii et al., Multistory transmission tower model for lightning surge analysis, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1327-1335, July 1991. Juan A. Martinez, IEEE, and Ferley Castro-Aranda. Tower Modeling for Lightning Analysis of Overhead Transmission Lines. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Vol.2, No.4, June 2005

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