110.

443 Fourier Analysis

HW 4 Answer Keys
Page 59 (n) and f (n) to get the 2.a. use Eulers identity and combine the terms for f expression. b. By denition, (n) = 1 f 2 = 1 2

f ()e(n) d

f (y )e(n)y dy (y = )

1 2

f (y )eny dy

(n) =f Use (a) to see it is a cosine series. c. similar as (b). d. (n) = 1 f 2 = 1 = 2 1 2

2

f ()en d

f (y )en(y) dy (y = + )
0

f (y )en(y) dy en() (f (y ) = f (y + ))

(n) cos n = f (n)(1)n =f (n) = 0, that is f (n) = 0. When n is odd, we have 2f 1 1 (n) (n) d = 2 f ()e(n) d = f e. f (n) = 2 f ()e By denition, we have (n) f (n) = 1 f 2

(f () f ())en d = 0

Since it is true for all n, we have f () f () = 0, that is f is real-valued. 3. Since Am C/m2 , the Fourier series is absolutely convergent. Use Corollary 2.3, and f is continuous at two intervals, the equality holds for each x. 4.a. (omitted) a parabola. b. From f is odd and the cos terms are cancelled, we have (n) = 1 2 f 2

f () sin(n)d
0

110.443 Fourier Analysis

2 2(cos n 1) n3 sin n =
8 sin n n3

= /
0

( ) sin(n)d =

(n) sin n = Use ex.2(c), the n term is 2f odd, otherwise, = 0 .

n 4 (1) 1 n3

for n

6.a (omitted) two even segments. b. n = 0 is simple, otherwise, since f is even, the sin terms are cancelled. We have, (n) = 1 2 f f () cos(n)d 2 0 = = 1

cos(n)d
0 0

1 sin n 1 |0 n

sin n d (integral by parts) n cos n 1 n2

2 cos n 2 . n2

=0+

(n) = c. It is a cosine series, the Fourier coecients are 2f mark: for even n, the coecients are 0. d. Take = 0, we have 0 = f (0) = /2 +
n1

Re-

2 cos n 2 = /2 + n2
n=even1

n=odd1 n1

4 n2

The rst result follows. Then use one. 7a.

n=N n=N

= 1/4

to prove the second

n=N

n=N

an bn =
n=M n=M

an (Bn Bn1 ) =
n=M n=N n=N 1

an Bn
n=M

an Bn1

=
n=M

an Bn
n=M 1 n=N 1

an+1 Bn

= aN BN +
n=M

(an an+1 )Bn aM BM 1

b. We have Bn < C for any n and an decrease monotonically to zero. Use a, an bn < |aM + aN |C + |aN aM |C . Take M big enough, n>m an bn < C . That is, Sn convergent.
n=N n=M

110.443 Fourier Analysis

8. By denition, for n = 0, (n) = 1 f 2 = 1 2

0 0

x 1 (cos nx+ sin(nx))dx+ 2 2

0

x (cos nx+ sin(nx))dx 2

1 x (cos nx+ sin(nx))dx+ 2 2 = 1 2

+ y (cos ny sin(ny ))dy ::(y = x) 2

( x) sin(nx)dx
0

2n

Thus we got the Fourier series. 1 0, use ex.7(b), the partial sums is convergent for Since |enx | < 1 and n each x. However, at x = 0, f (0) = 0 = (f (0+) + f (0))/2.