The Study of Periodic/non-periodic Ground Structure in Microstrip Circuit

Yan Zhou Shool of Electronic Information Engineering Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics Email: zhy2004bj@ee.buaa.edu.cn
AbstractThe non-intact ground structure have been discussed in this paper. Using the unique transmit response of periodic PBG and non-periodic DGS structure, to weaken the effect of high rank harmonious wave and improve the frequent characteristic, and to realize effectual optimization and amelioration of passive circuit in microwave system especially at microstrip circuit .The simulation and test prove the validity and practicability of the periodic/nonperiodic ground structure in microstrip circuit .

Donglin Su Shool of Electronic Information Engineering Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics Email: sdl@buaa.edu.cn

II. THE CHARACTERISTIC OF PERIODIC PBG STRUCTURE IN

MICROSTRIP CIRCUIT

I.

INTRODUCTION

Periodic/non-periodic circuit ground structure have been researched deeply in recent years. Non-periodic defect ground system structure(DGS) and periodic photonic band gap structure(PBG) have been more and more used at modern transmit of light wave and microwave. DGS structure root in the application and extend of PBG in plane- microstrip circuit, a uique case of PBG. The concept of PBG come from the research for Photonic Crystal. Photonic crystal have characteristic of band gap at different direction and could weaken light wave at specifical frequency. At frequency of microwave and mm-wave , this phenomena have very much more application in recent time. We could get band stop transmit characteristic at 1-D, 2-Dor 3-D direction by using period PBG material or structure. DGS structure have similar effect but design is more agility. In plane microstrip circuit, period PBG and non-period DGS structure could be designed to realize wide-band filter. At field of antenna design, restraining surface wave and weakening cross interference is these structures unique advantage. In modern photon communication, PBG structure could improve the efficiency of LED, or reduce off band waste by way of frequency selection surface being incumbent on radiator. This paper based the fruit of PBG & DGS by previous people, fix the important on the transmission effect of period/non-period microstrip ground structure. And using HFSS to simulation a kind of UC-PBG band pass filter. This paper presents both basic characteristics and applications of period PBG and non-period DGS stricture. The characteristic of PBG and UC-PBG structure is introduced in Section II. The characteristic of DGS structure is introduced in Section III. And Section IV presents the the design method and the simulation by HFSS about UC-PBG band pass filter. All above followed by conclusions in Section V.

Photonic band gap (PBG) engineering has been observed widely in field of microwave and millimeter wave circuit. Applications of PBG materials or structure include microstrip filter, microstrip antennas, sesonant cavities, and so on. The still of plane PBG structure is very diversiform, such as fig.1, and could been realized in many ways, such as eroding some period units in medium layer, but these units does not penetrate ground. Another usual structure is UC-PBG (Unipalar Compact Photonic Bandgap), this PBG structure is realized with metal pads etched in the ground plane connected by narrow lines to form a distributed RLC network, such as fig. 2. Vias holes or multilayer substrates are not required in this novel PBG structure. A distinctive stopband over a wide range of frequency is observed and the measurement results agree with FEM simulation. This characteristic of UC-PBG could be used at filter design to optimize the frequency performance. Another unique feature of this PBG structure is the realization of a slow-wave microstrip line with low insertion loss. Slow-wave-mode propagation is of great interest for its use in reducing the dimension of distributed components in integrated circuits. The characteristic of PBG structure is defined by several elements such as the number of period units, the geometry structure of each period unit, the arrange still and dielectric coefficient, and so on. In antenna design, the PBG structure could weaken the surface wave loss radiating at dielectric layer and improve the efficiency of antenna and optimize its performance accordingly. And at the same time, this PBG/antenna structure could be seen a kind of slow-wave structure, In other application fields, the UC-PBG reflector put up a phenomena of PMC at the stopband frequency where the periodic loading changes the surface impedance to an opencircuit condition. The surface impedance of the proposed structure is frequency-sensitive since the PBG structure actually forms a distributed RLC network with specific resonant frequencies, such as fig.2. By way of most popular PBG circuit still, the UC-PBG structure could be formed easily with common eroding process. And UC-PBG could be integrated in MMIC, the compatibility of UC-PBG is better than other PBG plane still. The total microstrip with UC-PBG ground have better slow-wave effect

0-7803-9433-X/05/$20.00 2005 IEEE.

APMC2005 Proceedings

than common microstrip, up to 2.4 times. This characteristic is very useful in microwave circuit application. But the primary useful characteristic of the UC-PBG is its band stop response in microstrip circuit. Such as fig.3, the simulation of microstrip with UC-PBG ground modeled in HFSS have demonstrated the distinct frequency band stop without other components. III. THE CHARACTERISTIC OF NON-PERIODIC DGS MICROSTRIP
STRUCTURE

V.

CONCLUSION

The non-periodic DGS structure come from the research of PBG. The DGS is abbreviation of defected ground state. Various research results have dealt with DGS for the purpose of applying to an active device as well as a passive circuit. It has been applied to several active devices such as power amplifers and oscillators, with improvements of their performance. The structure of DGS such as fig.3, could be equivalented to a LC resonance circuit, the etched lattice shape is nonperiodic structure and have different manner of a PBG. The equivalent inductances and capacitances could vary with the change of gap and connection of unit. The major use of single unit DGS is low pass or high pass filter, could control its loss extra point by the way we want to without adding other components. The dual-dipole DGS structure could be designed to resolve the unique problem, its equivalent circuit such as fig.3. IV.
THE SIMULATION AND TEST OF UCPBG BANDPASS FILTER

This paper discuss and study the transmit characteristic of microstrip with period PBG and non-period DGS structure, and they behave at microwave circuit system, especially at microstrip line and microstrip filter design. By simulation test on ADS and other software and a experiment of C band band-pass half wavelength side couple PBG ground filter, we prove its effective. The period and non-period ground structure could great the capacitance and inductance response by changing the structure of ground without adding extra circuit components, and improve the frequency performance of microstrip circuit. By the electromagnetic simulation software such as HFSS and so on, we can analyse its performance and characteristic. The UC-PBG band pass test prove its validity. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Give my best acknowledgment to my mentor, Professor Donglin Su, and those people who support me when I was getin trouble on my research .

For the purpose of improve one of the C-band filter used in satellite communications. We design the UC-PBG band pass filter. The use of UC-PBG is mainly to overcome the effect of spurious passbands at harmonic frequencies, which tend to degrade the performance of the overall RF system. The advantages of the UC-PBG can be applied to construct a compact microstrip BPF with intrinsic spurious rejection. The well-matched microstip on the UC-PBG structure is appropriate for the use as a low loss transmission line, and the wide and deep stopband of this structure can be designed to suppress the spurious passbands at higher harmonics. Fig .4 shows the microstrip line with UC-PBG and its stop band response, we can clearly see its stop band with -40dB. We can use its performance to estimate the unit period of PBG we needed in UC-PBG band pass filter. The design of the parallel coupled band pass filter follows the standard procedures. The BPF is designed with seven sections, a 0.2 dB equal-ripple response, and a center frequency of 5.33GHz.and band wide 850MHz, all parameters of this design is defined by AWR software, and the dielectric r =9.6. Such as fig. 5, we make the UC-PBGs unit period a=105mil. by the result of test and its compare to non-PBG structure filter, we can see that. The the effect of UC-PBG is very obvious since 9.5 GHz with the spurious passbands at second harmonics begin at 10GHz. And the UC-PBG band pass filter weaken about 10 dB at second harmonics wave than the non-PBG structure filter.

Fig.1 several unit stills of PBG plane structure

Fig.2 equivalent circuit of PBG unit

Fig.3 the DGS& dual-dipole DGS unit and equivalent circuit

Fig.6 the test result of UCPBG band pass filter (curve1: non PBG strucute ; curve2: with PBG structure) References
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Fig.4 microstrip with UC-PBG and its

S 21 simulation

Fig.5 the circuit board and assemble sample