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TANKJKT Heat Transfer Calculations for Jacketed Tanks USER INSTRUCTIONS

Copyright 2001 by chemengsoftware.com

TANKJKT User Manua

!age 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRO UCTION!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! "

ATA IN#UT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! $ %!#ROJECT ATA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!& '!(ESSEL ATA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!) "!#H*SICAL ATA ABOUT THE TANK JACKET!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+ $!INTERNAL COIL ATA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%, &! ATA ABOUT THE JACKET AN COIL FLUI !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%% )! ATA ABOUT THE FLUI INSI E THE (ESSEL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%" +!A-ITATOR ATA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%$ .!SU//AR* OF THE CALCULATION RESULTS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%) ATASHEET RE#ORT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! %+

TI/ELINE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! %.

FLUI

ATA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! %0

ATA TABLES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! '%

CALCULATIONS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ''

SA(IN- AN RESTORIN- ATA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! '"

REFERENCES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! '$

TANKJKT User Manua

!age "

INTRO UCTION
TANKJKT is an easy#to#use powerfu sprea$sheet temp ate that ca cu ates the rate of heating or coo ing of tan%s $ue to heat transfer from &ac%ets an$ interna coi s. 'esse heat transfer is comp icate$. (t in)o )es fi)e resistances to heat f ow each of which is $epen$ant on specific con$itions. Corre ations ha)e been $e)e ope$ for many $ifferent cases * e.g., ha f#pipe coi &ac%ets+ turbine impe ers+ etc.,. -ut other cases *$imp e &ac%ets+ con)entiona &ac%ets with no.. es, are either poor y researche$ or are proprietary an$ not a)ai ab e for use in this+ or any+ open pro$uct. /ur cha enge when $esigning TANKJKT was to %eep the $ata entry as simp e an$ intuiti)e as possib e whi e maintaining a comprehensi)e feature set. 0e thin% you1 agree that this goa was met. 2ata (nput is gathere$ onto a sing e wor%sheet+ $escribe$ in $etai in these instructions. The resu ts of the ca cu ations are gi)en on a 3$atasheet3 that matches the oo% of a of chemengsoftware.com1s sprea$sheet temp ates. 4 ui$ 2ata are inc u$e$ for most common heat transfer f ui$s. -ecause the $ata is regresse$ against temperature+ &ac%et heat transfer ca cu ations are )ery fast+ accurate+ an$ easi y teste$ with a ternati)e f ui$s. The ca cu ations themse )es are neat y organi.e$ an$ $ocumente$ on their own wor%sheet. (f you $on1t i%e our corre ations you can probab y a ter this sheet to incorporate your own. That1s the f e5ibi ity inherent in sprea$sheets an$ the reason why we choose this p atform to $e)e op our software6

TANKJKT User Manua

!age 7

ATA IN#UT
A of your pro&ect an$ ca cu ation case $ata are entere$ on the 82ata (nput9 wor%sheet. The wor%sheet is $esigne$ to simp ify your tas% in assemb ing the arge amount of information nee$e$ for a comprehensi)e ca cu ation. 0here your possib e input is imite$ to a specific ist of choices *such as materia s of construction,+ TANKJKT presents the choices in the form of chec% bo5es+ ra$io buttons+ or pu $own ists. /ther $ata entry fie $s are chec%e$ as you enter $ata+ with une5pecte$ inputs * i.e., those outsi$e 8norma 9 ranges programme$ into the sprea$sheet, f agge$ with 0arning messages. :our screen is probab y too sma to $isp ay the entire 2ata (nput form at once. Use the )ertica an$ hori.onta scro bars to reach a of its parts. :ou shou $ notice right off the itt e re$ triang es that appear in some ce s. These in$icate that there are 8comments9 associate$ with the ce . -y ho)ering your mouse pointer o)er the ce + the comment bo5 appears+ usua y with gui$ance on how to fi in the ce . 4or e5amp e+ the comment associate$ with surface roughness ists )a ues in both Customary U; an$ ;( units for se)era common )esse materia s. /n y those ce s that recei)e entry are un oc%e$ *an$ in re$,. The others are oc%e$ to pre)ent ina$)ertent changes. <owe)er+ if you nee$ to ma%e changes the sheet is easi y un oc%e$ by using the Too s= !rotection= Unprotect ;heet comman$ *there is no passwor$,. Data about the jacket The fo owing pages $etai how and coil fluid Project Data Data about the fluid to comp ete each section of 2ata inside the vessel (nput.

Vessel Data

Physical Data about the tank jacket

Agitator Information Summary of the calculation results Internal Coil Data

TANKJKT User Manua

!age >

%! #ro1ect ata !ro&ect $ata is use$ in the hea$er section of the $atasheet output form. -ut the $ata are not in)o )e$ in any ca cu ations. (t is recommen$e$ that the te5t strings be short to ensure they fit within the rather sma bo5es on the $atasheet. ?oo% at the $atasheet to see how it fits. The ra$io buttons togg e between 8Customary U;9 an$ 8;(9 units of measure. 0hen you switch from one to the other a $ata input $ata are con)erte$ a so+ so you can free y togg e bac%#an$#forth.

TANKJKT User Manua

!age @

'! (essel ata !hysica information about the )esse construction is entere$ here. 0hen running mu tip e cases on the same )esse + this section wi usua y remain constant. The 8Ca c Tit e or 2escription9 is use$ on the 2atasheet. :ou can enter a engthy $escription that co)ers an entire ine of the printout. ;ee the 2atasheet+ &ust abo)e ?ine 1+ for an e5amp e. TANKJKT a ways assumes the )esse is oriente$ )ertica y an$ is cy in$rica . Changing this )a ue has no effect. The 8Tota wor%ing )o ume9 is use$ to ca cu ate the rate of heating or coo ing. TANKJKT uses this number to estimate the fi height+ an$ if the &ac%et co)ers tan% wa that isnAt wette$ on the insi$e then that portion of the &ac%et is ignore$. A warning is $isp aye$ if the input for wor%ing )o ume fi s the tan% higher than the top tangent *where the top hea$ cur)ature begins,+ an$ the )o ume of the tan% to the top tangent *inc u$ing the bottom hea$, is $isp aye$ for reference. (nsi$e $iameter an$ tangent#to#tangent $imensions are use$ for many ca cu ations an$ are critica input )a ues. They are typica y near a 1B1 ratioC )ery ta tan%s *beyon$ about "B1 heightB$iameter, an$ )ery sDuat tan%s *1B2, are processe$ by a of the formu as+ but use caution because the un$er ying heat transfer corre ations+ especia y for the insi$e heat transfer coefficient+ may not be )ery accurate un$er those con$itions. Choose the type of hea$ on the tan% bottom using the pu $own ist. The top hea$ is immateria to the ca cu ations. The bottom hea$ type is use$ on y for ca cu ating the fi height. Materia of construction for the tan% wa is se ecte$ from the pu $own ist. 0a thic%ness is important because it impacts the o)era heat transfer coefficient. (t is assume$ that in interna coi is ma$e of the same materia as the tan% wa . An insi$e ining may be se ecte$ from the pu $own ist+ or choose 8None9 from the ist. ?inings are typica y g ass+ a po ymer such as Tef on+ or an e5otic meta such as tanta um. Again+ enter the thic%ness of the ining. ;ome suggestions are gi)en in the pop#up comment bo5 for typica roughness )a ues. Consi$er how the tan% wi be maintaine$+ an$ the con$ition of the surface after a perio$ of time. ;imi ar y+ fou ing factors are entere$. :ou shou $ consi$er how the con$ition of the &ac%et might change o)er time * e.g., are there corrosion inhibitors in your waterE,+ an$ c eaning practices for the insi$e of the )esse . 4or instance in pharmaceutica + cosmetic or foo$ processing where c ean iness is e5ceptiona y important it is reasonab e to set the 8interna fou ing factor9 to .ero. (f you are uncertain what )a ues to use for roughness or fou ing+ try running the ca cu ation with a ternati)es to see the effect on your resu tsC this wi he p you $eci$e on an appropriate figure. The chec% bo5 is use$ to signify the presence of interna baff es. !rope er an$ turbine agitators usua y wor% much better with baff es+ howe)er if none are present TANKJKT uses appropriate corre ations. ;ince baff es cannot be use$ with he ica ribbon or anchor type impe ers+ the baff e chec%bo5 is ignore$ in those cases. An$ g asse$ retreat cur)e impe ers are norma y accompanie$ by a 8finger9 sty e g asse$ baff eC the chec%bo5 is ignore$ for the g asse$ retreat cur)e impe er case an$ it is assume$ that there is a baff e.

TANKJKT User Manua

!age F

"! #23sical ata a4out t2e tank 1acket This part of 2ata (nput has a genera section+ then a$$itiona sections for each of the three types of si$ewa &ac%ets. ThereAs another section for the bottom hea$. (f you %now for certain what type of &ac%et your tan% wi ha)e then focus &ust on the correspon$ing input section. <owe)er+ if you inten$ to compare one type with another+ be sure to comp ete a re e)ant sections. Use the ra$io buttons to se ect what type of &ac%et is on the tan%. The pu $own ist of in etGout et no.. e si.es isnAt current y use$ in any ca cu ation so its )a ue is irre e)ant. ;i$ewa &ac%ets are often bro%en into separate 8.ones9 for the purpose of $ecreasing the temperature change in the &ac%et f ui$ or to $ecrease pressure $rop. The TANKJKT ca cu ation proce$ures $onAt $ifferentiate between stac%e$ an$ inter ea)e$ .ones+ so it $oesnAt matter what type your tan% uses. Hnter the percentage of the si$ewa co)ere$ by the &ac%etC itAs usua y 819+ but can be any )a ue from .1 to 1.0. 4or e5amp e+ if the &ac%et on y co)ers ha f the height of the si$ewa + enter the )a ue 80.>9. Half-Pipe Coil Jacket Data <a f#pipe coi &ac%ets are norma y constructe$ of "#inch pipeC TANKJKT permits 2+ " or 7#inch. A$$itiona si.es may be a$$e$ *see the section on 2ata Tab es+ page 1I,. The cross section ang e is either 1I0 $egrees *a true 8ha f# pipe9,+ or 120 $egrees. Hnter the appropriate )a ue. This has a big impact on pressure $rop+ but not so much on the heat transfer coefficient. ;o when $esigning a new )esse + you want to compare the effect on temperature change of the &ac%et f ui$ *typica y much higher with the 120 $egree ang e,.
180 deg 120 deg

T a n k W a ll

The ast $ata to enter is the spacing between a$&acent coi s. This is the actua $istance between coi s on the surface of the tan%+ not the $istance between center ines. (t is typica y in the range of J to 1K inches *20 to 70 mi imeters,.

TANKJKT User Manua Conventional Jacket Data 8Con)entiona 9 &ac%ets are foun$ on g ass# ine$ )esse s an$ a so often when the primary purpose for the &ac%et is heating with steam. The &ac%et consists of an outer she separate$ from the )esse wa with an open space *the 8annu ar9 space,. TANKJKT recogni.es three mutua y e5c usi)e casesB a stan$ar$ con)entiona &ac%et con)entiona &ac%et with interna baff es that $irect the &ac%et f ui$ aroun$ the )esse + simi ar to a ha f#pipe &ac%et stan$ar$ con)entiona &ac%et with 8agitating no.. es9 that impart turbu ence to the entering f ui$.

!age I

Jacket W a ll

T a n k W a ll

The 8annu ar space $imension9 is the $istance between the outsi$e of the )esse wa to the insi$e of the &ac%et wa . (f the 8-aff e$9 chec%bo5 is se ecte$+ a prompt appears for 8baff e spacing.9 This is the $istance between a$&acent baff es. (f the 8agitation no.. es9 chec%bo5 is se ecte$+ prompts appear for entering the number of agitation no.. es an$ the throat $iameter of each no.. e. (nput the number of no.. es on the si$ewa + ignoring the bottom hea$. TANKJKT ma%es a simp ifying assumption that if there is a bottom hea$ con)entiona &ac%et it wi ha)e the same no.. e configuration as the si$ewa . -y 8same9 is meant that there are the same number per unit area+ roun$e$ up to the ne5t integer. H)en if the con)entiona &ac%et is continuous aroun$ the bottom hea$ an$ si$ewa + as is usua y the case+ ignore the bottom hea$ for the purpose of this entry.

B a ffle

B a ffle S p a c in g

A n n u la r S pace

The throat $iameter of the no.. es are assume$ to be uniform for a no.. es. Lefer to the pop#up comment for typica )a ues. The remaining chec%bo5 in this section is 8Ai$ing 4 ow.9 ;ince stan$ar$ con)entiona &ac%ets ha)e such a arge cross#sectiona area+ they typica y operate in the aminar f ow regime+ at a )e ocity aroun$ 0.1 ftGsec. 0hen wor%ing in coo ing ser)ice+ if the coo ant enters the bottom of the &ac%et an$ f ows upwar$ it wi heat a ong its tra)e . This causes the f ui$ to e5pan$ s ight y+ gi)ing it a buoyant force+ an$ increasing its )e ocity. As a resu t the heat transfer coefficient from the &ac%et f ui$ to the tan% wa is increase$ s ight y. The opposite occurs when coo ant f ows from top to bottom+ an$ heating app ications wor% in re)erse.

TANKJKT User Manua Dimple Jacket Data 2imp e &ac%ets are often a goo$ choice+ combining ow cost with e5ce ent heat transfer. Unfortunate y+ the corre ations pub ishe$ for $imp e &ac%ets are ess re iab e than for ha f#pipe coi s+ perhaps on y NG#"0O accurate. This is true for heat transfer coefficients an$ a so for pressure $rop. ;o+ for critica app ications a ways consu t with the tan% manufacturer.

!age M

Hnter the reDueste$ $ata. Annu ar space is the ma5imum $istance between the tan% wa an$ the &ac%et. 2istances between $imp es is measure$ as if a sDuare gri$ were p ace$ o)er the &ac%et wa * i.e., not the actua $istance between $imp es in the case of triangu ar pitch,. An$ the mean $imp e $iameter is a measure of the space occupie$ by the $imp e an$ surroun$ing $epression. Thus+ by manipu ating the )a ues for $imp e $iameter+ spacing+ an$ annu ar space+ you affect the ca cu ation for open area a)ai ab e for f ow through the &ac%et. Bottom Head Jacket 0hi e norma practice is to match the bottom hea$ &ac%et with the si$ewa + TANKJKT supports a $ifferent type. Thus+ you cou $ specify a con)entiona &ac%et on the bottom hea$ coe5isting with a ha f#pipe coi on the si$ewa . Use the ra$io buttons to se ect the type of bottom hea$ &ac%et to mo$e . 0hiche)er type is chosen+ the physica parameters are assume$ to be the same as those specifie$ for the si$ewa &ac%et of i%e type. The on y other $ecision to ma%e is whether the bottom hea$ wi be pipe$ in series or para e . TANKJKT uses this f ow information when it computes the f owrate through the &ac%et sections. (n each case+ the f ow through the si$ewa &ac%et *if any, is ca cu ate$ first. Then+ the bottom hea$ &ac%et is ca cu ate$. (n series f ow+ the f owrate through one of the si$ewa .ones is force$ through the bottom &ac%et. Series Flow Parallel Flow This may resu t in a ri$icu ous y high pressure $rop in some cases+ which means that you must ma%e $ifferent $esign $ecisions with respect to seriesGpara e + &ac%et types+ or how the f ow is $etermine$ *see section on &ac%et f ui$ f ow,. (n para e f ow+ the si$ewa pressure $rop is ca cu ate$. Then+ the f ow through the bottom hea$ &ac%et that resu ts in the same pressure $rop is compute$. (f there is no si$ewa &ac%et+ the &ac%et f ui$ f ow parameters * i.e., specific f owrate+ )e ocity+ or pressure $rop, are use$ $irect y on the bottom hea$ &ac%et. /r+ if there is no &ac%et at a + but &ust an interna coi + the parameters are use$ on the coi .

TANKJKT User Manua

!age 10

$! Internal Coil ata (nterna coi s are elical when high heat transfer is reDuire$+ or airpin when the heat $uty is ow. Typica y+ the coi $iameter is 1G"0 of the )esse insi$e $iameter+ an$ the coi s are space$ so that the $istance between them eDua s their $iameter. Using those ru es of thumb+ an$ assuming tan% baff es that are 1G12 the tan% $iameter+ suggeste$ )a ues for he ica coi s are $isp aye$ ne5t to the (nterna Coi 2ata (nput section. The f owrate through the coi is $etermine$ by criteria estab ishe$ in the Jac%et 4 ui$ 2ata section *ne5t page,. (f there is an e5terna &ac%et in a$$ition to the coi + then the f ow through the &ac%et is estab ishe$. The pressure $rop through the &ac%et is ca cu ate$. (t is assume$ that the interna coi is pipe$ in para e with the e5terna &ac%et+ an$ the f owrate is that which resu ts in the same pressure $rop as the &ac%et.

TANKJKT User Manua

!age 11

&! ata a4out t2e 1acket and coil fluid TANKJKT inc u$es a $atabase with physica properties of many heat transfer f ui$s corre ate$ with temperature. This is a )a uab e feature because it ma%es comparison of $ifferent f ui$s at $ifferent temperatures so easy an$ fast. :ou might e)en fin$ yourse f turning to TANKJKT &ust to oo% up physica properties of an inc u$e$ f ui$. A ma&or heat transfer f ui$s so $ in 2001 are in the $atabase. 4or the g yco #base$ ow temperature f ui$s such as Thermino 4;+ properties are gi)en for a range of concentrations. (n a$$ition+ non#proprietary chemica s such as water+ steam+ ammonia+ a coho s+ etc. are foun$ in the $atabase. ;ee the comp ete ist on the ne5t page. :ou can a$$ more compoun$s to the $atabase. ;ee the 4 ui$ 2ata section *page 1I, for a ist of inc u$e$ f ui$s+ an$ instructions on how to a$$ your own. /n the 2ata (nput screen simp y choose a f ui$ from the pu $own ist+ then enter the bu % temperature of the f ui$ supp y. !roperties are automatica y fi e$ in. The on y con$ensing )apor supporte$ by TANKJKT is steam. <eat transfer f ui$s such as 2owtherm A that can be use$ in )aporG iDui$ ser)ice are not supporte$ at this time. (n the secon$ part you pro)i$e your instruction on how to compute the f ui$ f owrate. The choices areB ;pecify f owrate per .one. C ic%ing this acti)ates the prompt 34 owrate3 an$ $isp ays the units *ga Gmin or itersGmin,. Hnter the $esire$ rate. As $escribe$ ear ier+ this rate wi be use$ for the si$ewa &ac%et *one .one, if there is one. (f no si$ewa &ac%et it1s use$ for the bottom hea$ &ac%et. (f no &ac%et+ the f ow is use$ for the interna coi . Target )e ocity in &ac%et. (f this is chec%e$+ TANKJKT ca cu ates the f owrate that eDuates to the )e ocity you enter. 4or ha f#pipe coi + stan$ar$ con)entiona + an$ baff e$ con)entiona &ac%ets the f ow area is constant throughout the &ac%et ma%ing this a straightforwar$ ca cu ation. 4 ow for con)entiona &ac%ets with agitating no.. es is ca cu ate$ by using the f ow area of the no.. es+ so the )e ocity is ta%en at the no.. es an$ shou $ be )ery high in comparison with other types of &ac%ets. 4or $imp e &ac%ets the )e ocity is estab ishe$ for the most constricte$ portions of the &ac%et+ that which is between $imp es. Target pressure $rop. (t1s often $esirab e to specify the pressure $rop through a &ac%et. <y$rau ic ba ance is achie)e$ when pressure $rops are eDua i.e$. TANKJKT ca cu ates the f owrate that resu ts in the pressure $rop specifie$.

TANKJKT User Manua Ne5 in (ersion '!,"

!age 12

TANKJKT now pro)i$es a metho$ for uti i.ing e5perimenta pressure $rop $ata. (f you ha)e $ata from your manufacturer+ pro)i$ing pressure $rop at a certain f owrate+ you can input the $ata into TANKJKT an$ instruct that this be use$ to ca cu ate the pressure $rop at $ifferent f owrates or with other &ac%et f ui$s. (t wor%s by corre ating pressure $rop with the f owrate sDuare$+ the )e ocity sDuare$+ an$ the $ensity. Hnter your e5perimenta $ata on the 2ata (nput sheet an$ Chec% the appropriate bo5es ne5t to the 4 ow Late se ection criteria.

TANKJKT User Manua

!age 1"

ata a4out t2e fluid inside t2e 6essel 2ue to the wi$e )ariety of f ui$s heate$ or coo e$ in reactors there is no $atabase inc u$e$ with TANKJKT. :ou must enter the bu % temperature+ therma con$ucti)ity+ specific heat+ $ensity+ an$ )iscosity. TANKJKT $oes ma%e its own appro5imation for the )iscosity at the )esse wa . The estimate$ wa temperature is printe$ on the 2atasheet+ an$ the appro5imate$ )iscosity is shown here on the 2ata (nput section as we as on the 2atasheet. The ?ewis#;Duires e5trapo ation metho$ is use$C we thin% this is sufficient y accurate for heat transfer purposes. ?ewis#;Duires corre ationB )iscosityP#.2@@1 Q *%nown )isc,P#.2@@1 N *T # T%nown,G2""

)!

TANKJKT User Manua

!age 17

+! A7itator ata The type of impe er+ its si.e+ an$ spee$ ha)e an important effect on the insi$e heat transfer coefficient. TANKJKT ets you choose from the fo owing types of impe ersB Allo3 "84lade retreatin7. This is simi ar to a g ass#stee retreat#b a$e impe er+ but constructe$ of stain ess stee or some other a oy. Anc2or. Renera y use$ for )iscosities from 20+000 to 100+000 c!+ anchors are ower cost than he ica coi s+ an$ often pro)i$e better heat transfer.

-lass8steel retreatin7. This is the wor%horse impe er for g ass# ine$ reactors+ a though this is changing with the intro$uction of new impe er sty es an$ materia s. <eat transfer is worse than with the a oy retreating b a$e sty e *abo)e, which is attribute$ to more s ippage aroun$ its cur)e$ surfaces. Helical Ri44on. This pro5imity type of agitator is genera y use$ for higher )iscosity f ui$s *100+000 to 1+000+000 c!+ e5cept high y non#Newtonian iDui$s which ten$ to rotate with the impe er an$ are sheare$ near the )esse wa .

No A7itator. (nsi$e heat transfer coefficients are )ery ow when there is no agitation. #addle. 'ery simi ar to a turbine+ but with on y two or four b a$es. Renera y with a $iameter greater than 0.@ of the tan% $iameter+ turning at a s ow spee$. #ro9eller. App icab e when the )iscosity is ess than about 2000 c!+ an$ for )esse )o umes ess than 1>00 ga ons *@000 iters, because they weigh much more * e.g.+ cost more, than turbines. #u:9ed Circulation ;no a7itator<. TANKJKT $oes not mo$e circu ation with &ets+ but instea$ treats this as if the iDui$ f ows through the )esse as if it were a arge pipe. Retreatin784lade Tur4ine.

Tur4ine ;Rus2ton<. May ha)e f at or pitche$ b a$es.

TANKJKT User Manua

!age 1>

2ifferent prompts appear after se ecting the agitator type from the pu $own ist. These re ate to impe er $iameter+ height+ pitch+ an$ rotationa spee$. ;uggeste$ )a ues appear to the right of the correspon$ing $ata input ce sC the suggestions are appro5imate y the )a ues that were use$ when the corre ations were $e)e ope$. (f your geometry is much $ifferent from the suggestions then the accuracy may be correspon$ing y worse. ;ome )esse s use mu tip e impe ers. This is especia y true when the tan% is )ery ta *more than 1#1G2 times the $iameter,. The iterature $oes not pro)i$e corre ations for mu tip e impe ersC howe)er+ researchers report that the heat transfer is not much $ifferent when there are two impe ers compare$ to one. /ur recommen$ation is to input the geometry for one impe er+ e)en if there are se)era + an$ ea)e it at that.

TANKJKT User Manua

!age 1@

.! Su::ar3 of t2e calculation results Ca cu ations are performe$ as $ata is entere$ *if 3Automatic3 ca cu ation is turne$ on+ the $efau t

con$ition,. Lefer to the 3Suic% Lesu ts3 section on the 2ata (nput screen to see the effect of your inputs. This is most often use$ to test a ternati)es such as choice of heat transfer f ui$+ impe er $iameter+ an$ f owrate in the &ac%et. 0hen you are finishe$ with your 30hat if3 e5perimentation+ c ic% on the 32atasheet3 tab at the bottom of the screen where the comp ete$ ca cu ation an$ assumptions are waiting for fina re)iew an$ printing.

TANKJKT User Manua

!age 1F

ATASHEET RE#ORT
The $atasheet is $esigne$ to match the oo% an$ fee of chemengsoftwareAs other sprea$sheet pro$ucts. (nput $ata an$ resu ts are neat y arrange$ rea$y for printing an$ issuing to your c ient or for fi ing in your ca cu ation fi e. ;ince this is a sprea$sheet you are free to annotate the $atasheet+ or change it permanent y to your i%ing. 'arious printer bran$s an$ types react $ifferent y to the $atasheet output. 0hi e a typica <! ?aserJet prints it perfect y+ a <! 2es%Jet *in%&et, printer e5pan$s it hori.onta y causing it to sp it to a secon$ page. This is annoying but can be rectifie$ if necessary by changing the !age ;etup= to 84it to 1 !age9. :ou can sa)e comp ete$ $atasheets in a new H5ce wor%boo% by fo owing this proce$ureB 1. (n a$$ition to TANKJKT+ open an e5isting wor%boo% or create a new one. 2. Comp ete your ca cu ation in TANKJKT as usua . ". 0hi e )iewing the 2atasheet wor%sheet+ C/!: the wor%sheet to your a ternate wor%boo%.

Chec% this bo56

TANKJKT User Manua

!age 1I

TI/ELINE
The time ine is an e5citing feature of TANKJKT. (t is a graph that shows the temperature change of the )esse contents of a perio$ of your choosing. The ca cu ations are repeate$ for each of @0 $ata pointsC the )iscosity of the )esse contents is a$&uste$ for each ca cu ation using the bui t#in corre ation.1 The printe$ form is the same as the 2atasheet report+ e5cept the bottom portion where resu ts are printe$ are rep ace$ with the graph. To create a time ine+ go to the Time ine wor%sheet. (n the secon$ row+ enter a )a ue for 8(nter)a 9 to in$icate how freDuent y the ca cu ations wi be repeate$. 4or e5amp e+ inputting the number 8"9 means that the initia rate of coo ing wi be assume$ constant for " minutes+ then the ca cu ations wi be repeate$ with the new starting temperature. ;ince @0 inter)a s are compute$+ the $uration of your time ine wi be @0 times the inter)a + or in this e5amp e+ " hours. After entering the inter)a + c ic% on the 8New Time ine9 button. There wi be a short pause as the time ine is reca cu ate$. :ou are returne$ to the 2ata (nput wor%sheet+ signifying that the ca cu ations are $one. :ou can now go bac% to the
.nte#$al (.0 ,in+te- bet) een calc+lationREV PREPARED BY DATE 0 S. Hall Feb-05-97 1 2 ! " ( 1 5 2 7 8 9 !0 !! !" !( !1 !5 !2 !7 !8 !9 "0 "! "" "( "1 "5 "2 "7 "8 "9 (0 (! (" (( (1 (5 (2 (7 (8 (9 10 1! 1" 1( 11 15 12 17 18 19 50 5! 5"

JACKETED VESSEL HEAT TRANSFER CLIENT EQ I!" N# &'( Co) R#**+ APPROVAL W"#" %EQ ISITI#N N#" !50"-2( NIT A%EA !%#C %E' B( Reaction Bld !5 2500 Liter Stainless Steel Reactor Vessel Data $e#tical% c&lind#ical Contents 900 allon.nitial Te,/e#at+#e 20 inc3eT3e#,al 4ond+cti$it& 7" inc3eS/eci6ic Heat AS7E To#i-/3e#ical Di-3ed Den-it& (!2 SS Vi-co-it& 0.( inc3e:la-Vi-co-it& at )all 0 inc3e0.000! inc3eAgitator Type 0.0070 inc3e.,/elle# Dia,ete# 0 6t;-3#-0F5Bt+ S/eed 0.00! 6t;-3#-0F5Bt+ 'ate# !00 0F 0.(2 Bt+53-6t-0F !.00 Bt+5lb-0F 2!.8! lb56t9 0.81 cP ".0(" lb56t-3 !.!8 cP ".855 lb56t-3 Ret#eatin -blade T+#bine "0 inc3e(0 #/, !A$E S!ECI&ICATI#N N#" INSTALLE' B(

O#ientation Total )o#*in $ol+,e .n-ide dia,ete# Tan ent-to-tan ent Head7ate#ial o6 con-t#+ction T3ic*ne-Linin T3ic*ne-.nte#nal -+#6ace #o+ 3ne-O+t-ide -+#6ace #o+ 3ne-.nte#nal 6o+lin 6acto# O+t-ide 6o+lin 6acto# <=ac*et> Ve--el i- ba66led

Jacket Fluid Fluid Na e 'ate# Te,/e#at+#e at =ac*et inlet 10 T3e#,al 4ond+cti$it& 0.(1 S/eci6ic Heat !.00 P#e--+#e d#o/ in -ide)all dete#,ine- 6lo) in btt, @ coil Den-it& 2".70 Vi-co-it& !.10 (.(8 E-ti,ated $e--el )all te,/. 8" 0F P#andtl A+,be# 9.81 7et3od 6o# dete#,inin 6lo) #ate in =ac*et o# coil? Ta# et P#e--+#e D#o/ Val+e !0 /-i

0F Bt+53-6t-0F Bt+5lb-0F lb56t9 cP lb56t-3 di,en-ionle--

Side)all Bac*et T&/e Botto, Bac*et T&/e .nte#nal 4oil T&/e

Hal6-Pi/e 4oil Hal6-Pi/e 4oil Helical

Jacket and Coil Data Pi/e -iCe? ( inc3e-D !80 de incl+ded an leD 0.!0 inc3e- bet)een loo/8 loo/- di$ided into ! Cone-D 1! 6t; total 3eat t#an-6e# a#ea Pi/e -iCe? ( inc3e-D !80 de incl+ded an leD 0.!0 inc3e- bet)een loo/!9 6t; 3eat t#an-6e# a#eaD /i/ed in /a#allel )it3 -ide)all Pi/e -iCe? " inc3e- inc3e-D "%000 inc3e- lon 70." 6t; 3eat t#an-6e# a#ea

Ti eline !calculated at "# inute inter$als%

!"0.00 !00.00 80.00 20.00 10.00 "0.00 0.00 0 !5 (0 15 20 75 90 !05 !"0 !(5 !50 !25 !80 Ti e ! inutes%

!80.0 ,in+te- d+#ation

AE' T.7EL.AE
JACKETED VESSEL HEAT TRANSFER

CLIENT

EQ I!" N#

!A$E

Time ine wor%sheet to )iew or print it.

The ?ewis#;Duires corre ation for estimating )iscosity at a new temperature is inten$e$ on y for use in these heat transfer ca cu ations an$ shou $ not be construe$ as an accurate )a ue. (t wor%s best with Newtonian f ui$s o)er re ati)e y sma temperature ranges.

TANKJKT User Manua

!age 1M

FLUI

ATA

The f ui$ $ata is an e5treme y )a uab e feature of TANKJKT. <eat transfer f ui$s from ea$ing companies such as ;o utia+ 2ow+ 2u !ont+ Ca f o an$ others are inc u$e$. :ou can easi y a$$ more f ui$s to the tab e. 2ata in the tab e are in the fo owing unitsB Temperature..................$egrees C *e5cept )iscosity which uses $egrees K, Therma Con$ucti)ity.. .-tuGhr#ft#T4 ;pecific <eat.................-tuG b#T4 2ensity..........................re ati)e to water 'iscosity.......................c! 'apor !ressure..............mm <g 2ata are regresse$ inear y for therma con$ucti)ity+ specific heat+ an$ $ensityB property Q mt N b 'iscosity is fit to a cur)e of the form *'oge eDuation,B n*c!, Q A N -G*t N C, 'apor !ressure is fit to a cur)e of the form *Antoine HDuation,B og*'!, Q A # -G*t N C, A section of the 4 ui$ 2ata wor%sheet is pro)i$e$ for ca cu ating the coefficients in the abo)e corre ations. ;e ect units for each of the properties correspon$ing with your source of $ata. Hnter the properties at se)en temperatures an$ the coefficients are imme$iate y ca cu ate$. The input $ata are graphe$ a ong with the )a ues pre$icte$ from the new coefficients. 0hen satisfie$+ c ic% on the 8A$$ 4 ui$ to 2atabase9 button to mo)e the new $ata into the $ata tab e. N/THB if the f ui$ name $up icates one a rea$y in the tab e then the $ata is not mo)e$. :ou must first $e ete the row in the tab e containing the o $ $ata+ or rename the new f ui$ to a uniDue name. There is no error chec%ing in this proce$ure6 (t is your responsibi ity to ensure that a input fie $s are comp ete$ an$ correct. To increase the accuracy of the )iscosity eDuation+ three sets of coefficients are pro)i$e$ for a ow+ me$ium+ an$ high temperature range. This comp icates the ca cu ation of )iscosity+ but the har$ wor% is $one by the computer6 TI#= 0hen you often uti i.e the same materia inside the )esse + you can %eep its temperature#$epen$ant $ata a)ai ab e for han$y reference. (nc u$e your process f ui$ in the f ui$ $ata tab e. Then+ when entering the physica properties for the f ui$ insi$e the )esse *see page 1",+ temporari y choose that f ui$ as your !acket f ui$. Hnter a temperature for the &ac%et eDua to the insi$e temperature. The &ac%et $ata fie $s wi $isp ay the properties that you can manua y re#enter for the insi$e f ui$. -e sure to return the &ac%et f ui$ an$ temperature to its norma con$ition before procee$ing.

TANKJKT User Manua List of fluids in t2e data4ase=


Air Ammonia Argon -utane+ iso# -utane+ n# Ca f o A4 Ca f o 4R Ca f o <T4 Ca f o ?T Carbon 2io5i$e Chemtherm >>0 2owfrost <2+ 10 )o O 2owfrost <2+ 20 )o O 2owfrost <2+ "0 )o O 2owfrost <2+ 70 )o O 2owfrost <2+ >0 )o O 2owfrost <2+ @0 )o O 2owfrost <2+ F0 )o O 2owfrost+ 10 )o O 2owfrost+ 20 )o O 2owfrost+ "0 )o O 2owfrost+ 70 )o O 2owfrost+ >0 )o O 2owfrost+ @0 )o O 2owfrost+ F0 )o O 2owfrost+ I0 )o O 2owfrost+ M0 )o O 2owtherm 7000+ 10 )o O 2owtherm 7000+ 20 )o O 2owtherm 7000+ "0 )o O 2owtherm 7000+ 70 )o O 2owtherm 7000+ >0 )o O 2owtherm 7000+ @0 )o O 2owtherm 7000+ F0 )o O 2owtherm 7000+ I0 )o O 2owtherm 7000+ M0 )o O 2owtherm A 2owtherm R 2owtherm <T 2owtherm J 2owtherm MU 2owtherm S 2owtherm L! 2owtherm ;L#1+ 10 )o O 2owtherm ;L#1+ 20 )o O 2owtherm ;L#1+ "0 )o O 2owtherm ;L#1+ 70 )o O 2owtherm ;L#1+ >0 )o O 2owtherm ;L#1+ @0 )o O 2owtherm ;L#1+ F0 )o O 2owtherm ;L#1+ I0 )o O 2owtherm ;L#1+ M0 )o O Hthane Hthy ene <itec ( e5an ; Jarytherm AV"20 Jarytherm -T0@ Jarytherm 2-T Mar otherm ?< Mar otherm N Mar otherm !1 Mar otherm !2 Mar otherm ;< Mar otherm U Methane Mobi therm @0" Mu titherm (R#2 Mu titherm !R#1 Nitrogen /5ygen !aratherm <H !aratherm N4 !aratherm /L

!age 20

!ropane !ropy ene Lefrigerant L#11 Lefrigerant L#11" Lefrigerant L#117 Lefrigerant L#12 Lefrigerant L#12" Lefrigerant L#127 Lefrigerant L#1" Lefrigerant L#1"7a Lefrigerant L#1>2a Lefrigerant L#22 ;team ;y therm I00 ;y therm <4 ;y therm U?T ;yntre ">0 Therma ane >>0 Therma ane @00 Therma ane I00 Therma ane 4R#1 Therma ane ? Thermino >> Thermino >M Thermino @@ Thermino F> Thermino 2#12 Thermino 4;+ 20 wtO pg Thermino 4;+ "0 wtO pg Thermino 4;+ 70 wtO pg Thermino 4;+ >0 wtO pg Thermino 4;+ @0 wtO pg Thermino ?T Thermino '!#1 Thermino U! 0ater

TANKJKT User Manua

!age 21

ATA TABLES
The 2ata Tab es are integra to the ca cu ations performe$ by TANKJKT. They pro)i$e basic $ata inc u$ing pipe $iameters+ wa thic%nesses+ an$ heat transfer coefficients for wa an$ ining materia s. Units con)ersions from U; Customary to ;( are iste$ on this wor%sheet. :ou may not change the U; Customary units because a ca cu ations are performe$ using these units an$ are $epen$ant on them. <owe)er+ the ;( units &ust go a ong for the ri$eC you may change the abe an$ con)ersion factor for them with aban$on. -ut if you $o so+ p ease be )ery carefu to $o it correct y. /therwise you may obtain erroneous resu ts. :ou can a$$ a$$itiona wa or ining materia s into the tab es. (f you ha)e )a ues for therma con$ucti)ity of your materia at 2 or more temperatures+ regress it on a straight# ine basis. A han$y itt e tab e is pro)i$e$ *ce s ("FB?7>, that shows how. The regression must use $eg 4 for temperature an$ -tuGhr#ft#4 for con$ucti)ity. After getting the regresse$ )a ues for s ope an$ intercept+ insert ce s into the materia s or inings tab e an$ enter the )a ues. The $iameter an$ wa thic%nesses for ha f#pipe coi an$ interna coi pipes are containe$ in tab es. :ou can change a $ata in these tab es e"cept for the first co umn+ abe e$ 3;i.e3 which is $eri)e$ from the 3U; ;i.es3 an$ 3;( ;i.es3 co umns. (n the ce abe e$ 3steam coefficient3 *aroun$ HI2 on this wor%sheet, you1 fin$ a re$ number. This is the coeffcient use$ by TANKJKT for computing the outsi$e heat transfer coefficient for steam con$ensation. (t is the on y phase change f ui$ supporte$. As it says on the wor%sheet+ )a ues in the iterature range from as itt e as "00 -tuGh#ft2#4 to 1>00 for steam con$ensing in a &ac%et or coi . The ow )a ue is thought to be the resu t of non#con$ensib es in the steam. Most pub ishe$ sources agree that I00 to 1000 is a goo$ number to use+ but you may choose any coefficient you i%e an$ enter it here.
Stea condensation T3e 3eat t #an-6e# coe66icient 6o# conden-in -t ea, i- -et t o a 6iEed $al+e ba-ed on #e/o#t ed #e-ea#c3. Val+e- in t 3e lit e#at +#e #an e 6#o, a- lit t le a- (00 Bt +5 3#-6t "-F t o !500% )it 3 t 3e 3i 3e# $al+e- con-id e#ed ,o#e acc+#at e. T3e balance o6 o/inion i- t o +-e a $al+e in t 3e 800 t o !00 0 #an e Val+e 6o# -t ea, coe66icient ? 900 Bt+56t;-3#-0F

At the bottom of this wor%sheet are some interme$iate ca cu ations an$ in$ices associate$ with the pu $own ists+ chec%bo5es+ an$ ra$io buttons foun$ on the 2ata (nput screen. 2o not attempt to change+ protect+ or otherwise a ter this section. (t1s )ery important to the integrity of the $ata an$ resu ts6

TANKJKT User Manua

!age 22

CALCULATIONS
Ca cu ations are containe$ on the Ca cu ation wor%sheet+ an$ are arrange$ for easy un$erstan$ing. The iterature has conf icting corre ations $e)e ope$ by $ifferent researchers o)er the years. A though we thin% the formu as use$ in TANKJKT represent the consensus of opinion+ you are free to a$&ust them to your i%ing. The Ca cu ation wor%sheet shou $ enab e you to $o so without too much $ifficu ty. <owe)er+ since this is a comp e5 sprea$sheet temp ate+ e5ercise $ue caution whene)er changes to ca cu ations are contemp ate$.

This screen shot shows the ca cu ation area for ha f#pipe coi &ac%ets. There are simi ar areas for the other &ac%et types+ interna coi s+ f ui$ $ata+ an$ insi$e heat transfer. The $ar% green sha$e$ co umns show interme$iate an$ fina resu ts in Customary U; unitsC the ight green co umns are in ;( units. 0hiche)er set of units youA)e chosen on the 2ata (nput screen+ both are $isp aye$ on the ca cu ations sheet. Notice the ast ine+ 8<eat transfer coefficient+9 where the source of the eDuation use$ for the ca cu ation is reference$. (t is possib e for you to substitute your own fa)orite corre ation here+ or ma%e other minor changes to the co$e if you are so inc ine$.

TANKJKT User Manua

!age 2"

SA(IN- AN RESTORIN- ATA


(t ta%es time to enter a the $ata about a particu ar )esse . ThatAs why you ha)e to option to sa)e that $ata for reuse in the future. 2ata is store$ on the wor%sheet ca e$ 8;a)e$ 2ata9. 0hen you c ic% on the 8;a)e Ca cu ation9 button on the 2ata (nput sheet+ the current ca cu ation is instant y copie$ to the ;a)e$ 2ata page. :ou must sa)e the entire wor%boo% to %eep access to this $ata for the future6 TI#= ;tore information about common y use$ c asses of )esse s. TANKJKT is shippe$ with physica $imensions of stan$ar$ g ass# ine$ )esse s manufacture$ by !fau$ er an$ 2e 2ietrich *U;A,. ;imi ar y+ you can a$$ to this the types an$ si.es of )esse s you often encounter.

Letrie)ing an o $ ca cu ation is simp e. Choose it from the $rop#$own ist of sa)e$ $ata+ then c ic% the 8Lestore ;a)e$ Ca cu ation9 button. ThatAs it. To $e ete o $ ca cu ations from the archi)e+ go to the ;a)e$ 2ata wor%sheet. Then high ight the row*s, containing your unwante$ $ata. 2e ete the row*s, by using H5ce As H$it=2e ete= comman$. The screen shot be ow is from the 2ata (nput wor%sheet+ showing the $rop#$own ist of sa)e$ ca cu ations. After c ic%ing on the se ection+ c ic% the 8Lestore ;a)e$ Ca cu ation9 button to bring it bac%.

TANKJKT User Manua

!age 27

REFERENCES
-o iger+ 2ona $ <.+ 8Assessing heat transfer in process#)esse &ac%ets+9 C emical #ngineering+ ;eptember 20+ 1MI2+ page M>. -on$y+ 4re$eric%+ an$ ?ippa+ ;hepher$+ 3<eat transfer in agitate$ )esse s3+ C emical #ngineering+ Apri 7+ 1MI"+ page @2. 2ream+ Lobert 4.+ 3<eat Transfer in Agitate$ Jac%ete$ 'esse s3+ C emical #ngineering+ 'o 10@+ No 1+ January 1MMM+ page M1. Rar)in+ John+ 3Un$erstan$ the Therma 2esign of Jac%ete$ 'esse s3+ C emical #ngineering Progress+ 'o M>+ No @+ June 1MMM+ page @1. Rar)in+ John+ 3Hstimate <eat Transfer an$ 4riction in 2imp e Jac%ets3+ C emical #ngineering Progress+ 'o MF+ No 7+ Apri 2001+ page F". !enny+ 0.L.+ 3<eat transfer corre ations3+ in Handbook of Heat #"c anger $ec nolog%+ <emisphere !ub ishing Corp.+ New :or% *1MI",.

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