Académique Documents
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!age 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ATA IN#UT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! $ %!#ROJECT ATA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!& '!(ESSEL ATA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!) "!#H*SICAL ATA ABOUT THE TANK JACKET!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+ $!INTERNAL COIL ATA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%, &! ATA ABOUT THE JACKET AN COIL FLUI !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%% )! ATA ABOUT THE FLUI INSI E THE (ESSEL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%" +!A-ITATOR ATA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%$ .!SU//AR* OF THE CALCULATION RESULTS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%) ATASHEET RE#ORT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! %+
TI/ELINE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! %.
FLUI
ATA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! %0
CALCULATIONS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ''
REFERENCES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! '$
!age "
INTRO UCTION
TANKJKT is an easy#to#use powerfu sprea$sheet temp ate that ca cu ates the rate of heating or coo ing of tan%s $ue to heat transfer from &ac%ets an$ interna coi s. 'esse heat transfer is comp icate$. (t in)o )es fi)e resistances to heat f ow each of which is $epen$ant on specific con$itions. Corre ations ha)e been $e)e ope$ for many $ifferent cases * e.g., ha f#pipe coi &ac%ets+ turbine impe ers+ etc.,. -ut other cases *$imp e &ac%ets+ con)entiona &ac%ets with no.. es, are either poor y researche$ or are proprietary an$ not a)ai ab e for use in this+ or any+ open pro$uct. /ur cha enge when $esigning TANKJKT was to %eep the $ata entry as simp e an$ intuiti)e as possib e whi e maintaining a comprehensi)e feature set. 0e thin% you1 agree that this goa was met. 2ata (nput is gathere$ onto a sing e wor%sheet+ $escribe$ in $etai in these instructions. The resu ts of the ca cu ations are gi)en on a 3$atasheet3 that matches the oo% of a of chemengsoftware.com1s sprea$sheet temp ates. 4 ui$ 2ata are inc u$e$ for most common heat transfer f ui$s. -ecause the $ata is regresse$ against temperature+ &ac%et heat transfer ca cu ations are )ery fast+ accurate+ an$ easi y teste$ with a ternati)e f ui$s. The ca cu ations themse )es are neat y organi.e$ an$ $ocumente$ on their own wor%sheet. (f you $on1t i%e our corre ations you can probab y a ter this sheet to incorporate your own. That1s the f e5ibi ity inherent in sprea$sheets an$ the reason why we choose this p atform to $e)e op our software6
!age 7
ATA IN#UT
A of your pro&ect an$ ca cu ation case $ata are entere$ on the 82ata (nput9 wor%sheet. The wor%sheet is $esigne$ to simp ify your tas% in assemb ing the arge amount of information nee$e$ for a comprehensi)e ca cu ation. 0here your possib e input is imite$ to a specific ist of choices *such as materia s of construction,+ TANKJKT presents the choices in the form of chec% bo5es+ ra$io buttons+ or pu $own ists. /ther $ata entry fie $s are chec%e$ as you enter $ata+ with une5pecte$ inputs * i.e., those outsi$e 8norma 9 ranges programme$ into the sprea$sheet, f agge$ with 0arning messages. :our screen is probab y too sma to $isp ay the entire 2ata (nput form at once. Use the )ertica an$ hori.onta scro bars to reach a of its parts. :ou shou $ notice right off the itt e re$ triang es that appear in some ce s. These in$icate that there are 8comments9 associate$ with the ce . -y ho)ering your mouse pointer o)er the ce + the comment bo5 appears+ usua y with gui$ance on how to fi in the ce . 4or e5amp e+ the comment associate$ with surface roughness ists )a ues in both Customary U; an$ ;( units for se)era common )esse materia s. /n y those ce s that recei)e entry are un oc%e$ *an$ in re$,. The others are oc%e$ to pre)ent ina$)ertent changes. <owe)er+ if you nee$ to ma%e changes the sheet is easi y un oc%e$ by using the Too s= !rotection= Unprotect ;heet comman$ *there is no passwor$,. Data about the jacket The fo owing pages $etai how and coil fluid Project Data Data about the fluid to comp ete each section of 2ata inside the vessel (nput.
Vessel Data
!age >
%! #ro1ect ata !ro&ect $ata is use$ in the hea$er section of the $atasheet output form. -ut the $ata are not in)o )e$ in any ca cu ations. (t is recommen$e$ that the te5t strings be short to ensure they fit within the rather sma bo5es on the $atasheet. ?oo% at the $atasheet to see how it fits. The ra$io buttons togg e between 8Customary U;9 an$ 8;(9 units of measure. 0hen you switch from one to the other a $ata input $ata are con)erte$ a so+ so you can free y togg e bac%#an$#forth.
!age @
'! (essel ata !hysica information about the )esse construction is entere$ here. 0hen running mu tip e cases on the same )esse + this section wi usua y remain constant. The 8Ca c Tit e or 2escription9 is use$ on the 2atasheet. :ou can enter a engthy $escription that co)ers an entire ine of the printout. ;ee the 2atasheet+ &ust abo)e ?ine 1+ for an e5amp e. TANKJKT a ways assumes the )esse is oriente$ )ertica y an$ is cy in$rica . Changing this )a ue has no effect. The 8Tota wor%ing )o ume9 is use$ to ca cu ate the rate of heating or coo ing. TANKJKT uses this number to estimate the fi height+ an$ if the &ac%et co)ers tan% wa that isnAt wette$ on the insi$e then that portion of the &ac%et is ignore$. A warning is $isp aye$ if the input for wor%ing )o ume fi s the tan% higher than the top tangent *where the top hea$ cur)ature begins,+ an$ the )o ume of the tan% to the top tangent *inc u$ing the bottom hea$, is $isp aye$ for reference. (nsi$e $iameter an$ tangent#to#tangent $imensions are use$ for many ca cu ations an$ are critica input )a ues. They are typica y near a 1B1 ratioC )ery ta tan%s *beyon$ about "B1 heightB$iameter, an$ )ery sDuat tan%s *1B2, are processe$ by a of the formu as+ but use caution because the un$er ying heat transfer corre ations+ especia y for the insi$e heat transfer coefficient+ may not be )ery accurate un$er those con$itions. Choose the type of hea$ on the tan% bottom using the pu $own ist. The top hea$ is immateria to the ca cu ations. The bottom hea$ type is use$ on y for ca cu ating the fi height. Materia of construction for the tan% wa is se ecte$ from the pu $own ist. 0a thic%ness is important because it impacts the o)era heat transfer coefficient. (t is assume$ that in interna coi is ma$e of the same materia as the tan% wa . An insi$e ining may be se ecte$ from the pu $own ist+ or choose 8None9 from the ist. ?inings are typica y g ass+ a po ymer such as Tef on+ or an e5otic meta such as tanta um. Again+ enter the thic%ness of the ining. ;ome suggestions are gi)en in the pop#up comment bo5 for typica roughness )a ues. Consi$er how the tan% wi be maintaine$+ an$ the con$ition of the surface after a perio$ of time. ;imi ar y+ fou ing factors are entere$. :ou shou $ consi$er how the con$ition of the &ac%et might change o)er time * e.g., are there corrosion inhibitors in your waterE,+ an$ c eaning practices for the insi$e of the )esse . 4or instance in pharmaceutica + cosmetic or foo$ processing where c ean iness is e5ceptiona y important it is reasonab e to set the 8interna fou ing factor9 to .ero. (f you are uncertain what )a ues to use for roughness or fou ing+ try running the ca cu ation with a ternati)es to see the effect on your resu tsC this wi he p you $eci$e on an appropriate figure. The chec% bo5 is use$ to signify the presence of interna baff es. !rope er an$ turbine agitators usua y wor% much better with baff es+ howe)er if none are present TANKJKT uses appropriate corre ations. ;ince baff es cannot be use$ with he ica ribbon or anchor type impe ers+ the baff e chec%bo5 is ignore$ in those cases. An$ g asse$ retreat cur)e impe ers are norma y accompanie$ by a 8finger9 sty e g asse$ baff eC the chec%bo5 is ignore$ for the g asse$ retreat cur)e impe er case an$ it is assume$ that there is a baff e.
!age F
"! #23sical ata a4out t2e tank 1acket This part of 2ata (nput has a genera section+ then a$$itiona sections for each of the three types of si$ewa &ac%ets. ThereAs another section for the bottom hea$. (f you %now for certain what type of &ac%et your tan% wi ha)e then focus &ust on the correspon$ing input section. <owe)er+ if you inten$ to compare one type with another+ be sure to comp ete a re e)ant sections. Use the ra$io buttons to se ect what type of &ac%et is on the tan%. The pu $own ist of in etGout et no.. e si.es isnAt current y use$ in any ca cu ation so its )a ue is irre e)ant. ;i$ewa &ac%ets are often bro%en into separate 8.ones9 for the purpose of $ecreasing the temperature change in the &ac%et f ui$ or to $ecrease pressure $rop. The TANKJKT ca cu ation proce$ures $onAt $ifferentiate between stac%e$ an$ inter ea)e$ .ones+ so it $oesnAt matter what type your tan% uses. Hnter the percentage of the si$ewa co)ere$ by the &ac%etC itAs usua y 819+ but can be any )a ue from .1 to 1.0. 4or e5amp e+ if the &ac%et on y co)ers ha f the height of the si$ewa + enter the )a ue 80.>9. Half-Pipe Coil Jacket Data <a f#pipe coi &ac%ets are norma y constructe$ of "#inch pipeC TANKJKT permits 2+ " or 7#inch. A$$itiona si.es may be a$$e$ *see the section on 2ata Tab es+ page 1I,. The cross section ang e is either 1I0 $egrees *a true 8ha f# pipe9,+ or 120 $egrees. Hnter the appropriate )a ue. This has a big impact on pressure $rop+ but not so much on the heat transfer coefficient. ;o when $esigning a new )esse + you want to compare the effect on temperature change of the &ac%et f ui$ *typica y much higher with the 120 $egree ang e,.
180 deg 120 deg
T a n k W a ll
The ast $ata to enter is the spacing between a$&acent coi s. This is the actua $istance between coi s on the surface of the tan%+ not the $istance between center ines. (t is typica y in the range of J to 1K inches *20 to 70 mi imeters,.
TANKJKT User Manua Conventional Jacket Data 8Con)entiona 9 &ac%ets are foun$ on g ass# ine$ )esse s an$ a so often when the primary purpose for the &ac%et is heating with steam. The &ac%et consists of an outer she separate$ from the )esse wa with an open space *the 8annu ar9 space,. TANKJKT recogni.es three mutua y e5c usi)e casesB a stan$ar$ con)entiona &ac%et con)entiona &ac%et with interna baff es that $irect the &ac%et f ui$ aroun$ the )esse + simi ar to a ha f#pipe &ac%et stan$ar$ con)entiona &ac%et with 8agitating no.. es9 that impart turbu ence to the entering f ui$.
!age I
Jacket W a ll
T a n k W a ll
The 8annu ar space $imension9 is the $istance between the outsi$e of the )esse wa to the insi$e of the &ac%et wa . (f the 8-aff e$9 chec%bo5 is se ecte$+ a prompt appears for 8baff e spacing.9 This is the $istance between a$&acent baff es. (f the 8agitation no.. es9 chec%bo5 is se ecte$+ prompts appear for entering the number of agitation no.. es an$ the throat $iameter of each no.. e. (nput the number of no.. es on the si$ewa + ignoring the bottom hea$. TANKJKT ma%es a simp ifying assumption that if there is a bottom hea$ con)entiona &ac%et it wi ha)e the same no.. e configuration as the si$ewa . -y 8same9 is meant that there are the same number per unit area+ roun$e$ up to the ne5t integer. H)en if the con)entiona &ac%et is continuous aroun$ the bottom hea$ an$ si$ewa + as is usua y the case+ ignore the bottom hea$ for the purpose of this entry.
B a ffle
B a ffle S p a c in g
A n n u la r S pace
The throat $iameter of the no.. es are assume$ to be uniform for a no.. es. Lefer to the pop#up comment for typica )a ues. The remaining chec%bo5 in this section is 8Ai$ing 4 ow.9 ;ince stan$ar$ con)entiona &ac%ets ha)e such a arge cross#sectiona area+ they typica y operate in the aminar f ow regime+ at a )e ocity aroun$ 0.1 ftGsec. 0hen wor%ing in coo ing ser)ice+ if the coo ant enters the bottom of the &ac%et an$ f ows upwar$ it wi heat a ong its tra)e . This causes the f ui$ to e5pan$ s ight y+ gi)ing it a buoyant force+ an$ increasing its )e ocity. As a resu t the heat transfer coefficient from the &ac%et f ui$ to the tan% wa is increase$ s ight y. The opposite occurs when coo ant f ows from top to bottom+ an$ heating app ications wor% in re)erse.
TANKJKT User Manua Dimple Jacket Data 2imp e &ac%ets are often a goo$ choice+ combining ow cost with e5ce ent heat transfer. Unfortunate y+ the corre ations pub ishe$ for $imp e &ac%ets are ess re iab e than for ha f#pipe coi s+ perhaps on y NG#"0O accurate. This is true for heat transfer coefficients an$ a so for pressure $rop. ;o+ for critica app ications a ways consu t with the tan% manufacturer.
!age M
Hnter the reDueste$ $ata. Annu ar space is the ma5imum $istance between the tan% wa an$ the &ac%et. 2istances between $imp es is measure$ as if a sDuare gri$ were p ace$ o)er the &ac%et wa * i.e., not the actua $istance between $imp es in the case of triangu ar pitch,. An$ the mean $imp e $iameter is a measure of the space occupie$ by the $imp e an$ surroun$ing $epression. Thus+ by manipu ating the )a ues for $imp e $iameter+ spacing+ an$ annu ar space+ you affect the ca cu ation for open area a)ai ab e for f ow through the &ac%et. Bottom Head Jacket 0hi e norma practice is to match the bottom hea$ &ac%et with the si$ewa + TANKJKT supports a $ifferent type. Thus+ you cou $ specify a con)entiona &ac%et on the bottom hea$ coe5isting with a ha f#pipe coi on the si$ewa . Use the ra$io buttons to se ect the type of bottom hea$ &ac%et to mo$e . 0hiche)er type is chosen+ the physica parameters are assume$ to be the same as those specifie$ for the si$ewa &ac%et of i%e type. The on y other $ecision to ma%e is whether the bottom hea$ wi be pipe$ in series or para e . TANKJKT uses this f ow information when it computes the f owrate through the &ac%et sections. (n each case+ the f ow through the si$ewa &ac%et *if any, is ca cu ate$ first. Then+ the bottom hea$ &ac%et is ca cu ate$. (n series f ow+ the f owrate through one of the si$ewa .ones is force$ through the bottom &ac%et. Series Flow Parallel Flow This may resu t in a ri$icu ous y high pressure $rop in some cases+ which means that you must ma%e $ifferent $esign $ecisions with respect to seriesGpara e + &ac%et types+ or how the f ow is $etermine$ *see section on &ac%et f ui$ f ow,. (n para e f ow+ the si$ewa pressure $rop is ca cu ate$. Then+ the f ow through the bottom hea$ &ac%et that resu ts in the same pressure $rop is compute$. (f there is no si$ewa &ac%et+ the &ac%et f ui$ f ow parameters * i.e., specific f owrate+ )e ocity+ or pressure $rop, are use$ $irect y on the bottom hea$ &ac%et. /r+ if there is no &ac%et at a + but &ust an interna coi + the parameters are use$ on the coi .
!age 10
$! Internal Coil ata (nterna coi s are elical when high heat transfer is reDuire$+ or airpin when the heat $uty is ow. Typica y+ the coi $iameter is 1G"0 of the )esse insi$e $iameter+ an$ the coi s are space$ so that the $istance between them eDua s their $iameter. Using those ru es of thumb+ an$ assuming tan% baff es that are 1G12 the tan% $iameter+ suggeste$ )a ues for he ica coi s are $isp aye$ ne5t to the (nterna Coi 2ata (nput section. The f owrate through the coi is $etermine$ by criteria estab ishe$ in the Jac%et 4 ui$ 2ata section *ne5t page,. (f there is an e5terna &ac%et in a$$ition to the coi + then the f ow through the &ac%et is estab ishe$. The pressure $rop through the &ac%et is ca cu ate$. (t is assume$ that the interna coi is pipe$ in para e with the e5terna &ac%et+ an$ the f owrate is that which resu ts in the same pressure $rop as the &ac%et.
!age 11
&! ata a4out t2e 1acket and coil fluid TANKJKT inc u$es a $atabase with physica properties of many heat transfer f ui$s corre ate$ with temperature. This is a )a uab e feature because it ma%es comparison of $ifferent f ui$s at $ifferent temperatures so easy an$ fast. :ou might e)en fin$ yourse f turning to TANKJKT &ust to oo% up physica properties of an inc u$e$ f ui$. A ma&or heat transfer f ui$s so $ in 2001 are in the $atabase. 4or the g yco #base$ ow temperature f ui$s such as Thermino 4;+ properties are gi)en for a range of concentrations. (n a$$ition+ non#proprietary chemica s such as water+ steam+ ammonia+ a coho s+ etc. are foun$ in the $atabase. ;ee the comp ete ist on the ne5t page. :ou can a$$ more compoun$s to the $atabase. ;ee the 4 ui$ 2ata section *page 1I, for a ist of inc u$e$ f ui$s+ an$ instructions on how to a$$ your own. /n the 2ata (nput screen simp y choose a f ui$ from the pu $own ist+ then enter the bu % temperature of the f ui$ supp y. !roperties are automatica y fi e$ in. The on y con$ensing )apor supporte$ by TANKJKT is steam. <eat transfer f ui$s such as 2owtherm A that can be use$ in )aporG iDui$ ser)ice are not supporte$ at this time. (n the secon$ part you pro)i$e your instruction on how to compute the f ui$ f owrate. The choices areB ;pecify f owrate per .one. C ic%ing this acti)ates the prompt 34 owrate3 an$ $isp ays the units *ga Gmin or itersGmin,. Hnter the $esire$ rate. As $escribe$ ear ier+ this rate wi be use$ for the si$ewa &ac%et *one .one, if there is one. (f no si$ewa &ac%et it1s use$ for the bottom hea$ &ac%et. (f no &ac%et+ the f ow is use$ for the interna coi . Target )e ocity in &ac%et. (f this is chec%e$+ TANKJKT ca cu ates the f owrate that eDuates to the )e ocity you enter. 4or ha f#pipe coi + stan$ar$ con)entiona + an$ baff e$ con)entiona &ac%ets the f ow area is constant throughout the &ac%et ma%ing this a straightforwar$ ca cu ation. 4 ow for con)entiona &ac%ets with agitating no.. es is ca cu ate$ by using the f ow area of the no.. es+ so the )e ocity is ta%en at the no.. es an$ shou $ be )ery high in comparison with other types of &ac%ets. 4or $imp e &ac%ets the )e ocity is estab ishe$ for the most constricte$ portions of the &ac%et+ that which is between $imp es. Target pressure $rop. (t1s often $esirab e to specify the pressure $rop through a &ac%et. <y$rau ic ba ance is achie)e$ when pressure $rops are eDua i.e$. TANKJKT ca cu ates the f owrate that resu ts in the pressure $rop specifie$.
!age 12
TANKJKT now pro)i$es a metho$ for uti i.ing e5perimenta pressure $rop $ata. (f you ha)e $ata from your manufacturer+ pro)i$ing pressure $rop at a certain f owrate+ you can input the $ata into TANKJKT an$ instruct that this be use$ to ca cu ate the pressure $rop at $ifferent f owrates or with other &ac%et f ui$s. (t wor%s by corre ating pressure $rop with the f owrate sDuare$+ the )e ocity sDuare$+ an$ the $ensity. Hnter your e5perimenta $ata on the 2ata (nput sheet an$ Chec% the appropriate bo5es ne5t to the 4 ow Late se ection criteria.
!age 1"
ata a4out t2e fluid inside t2e 6essel 2ue to the wi$e )ariety of f ui$s heate$ or coo e$ in reactors there is no $atabase inc u$e$ with TANKJKT. :ou must enter the bu % temperature+ therma con$ucti)ity+ specific heat+ $ensity+ an$ )iscosity. TANKJKT $oes ma%e its own appro5imation for the )iscosity at the )esse wa . The estimate$ wa temperature is printe$ on the 2atasheet+ an$ the appro5imate$ )iscosity is shown here on the 2ata (nput section as we as on the 2atasheet. The ?ewis#;Duires e5trapo ation metho$ is use$C we thin% this is sufficient y accurate for heat transfer purposes. ?ewis#;Duires corre ationB )iscosityP#.2@@1 Q *%nown )isc,P#.2@@1 N *T # T%nown,G2""
)!
!age 17
+! A7itator ata The type of impe er+ its si.e+ an$ spee$ ha)e an important effect on the insi$e heat transfer coefficient. TANKJKT ets you choose from the fo owing types of impe ersB Allo3 "84lade retreatin7. This is simi ar to a g ass#stee retreat#b a$e impe er+ but constructe$ of stain ess stee or some other a oy. Anc2or. Renera y use$ for )iscosities from 20+000 to 100+000 c!+ anchors are ower cost than he ica coi s+ an$ often pro)i$e better heat transfer.
-lass8steel retreatin7. This is the wor%horse impe er for g ass# ine$ reactors+ a though this is changing with the intro$uction of new impe er sty es an$ materia s. <eat transfer is worse than with the a oy retreating b a$e sty e *abo)e, which is attribute$ to more s ippage aroun$ its cur)e$ surfaces. Helical Ri44on. This pro5imity type of agitator is genera y use$ for higher )iscosity f ui$s *100+000 to 1+000+000 c!+ e5cept high y non#Newtonian iDui$s which ten$ to rotate with the impe er an$ are sheare$ near the )esse wa .
No A7itator. (nsi$e heat transfer coefficients are )ery ow when there is no agitation. #addle. 'ery simi ar to a turbine+ but with on y two or four b a$es. Renera y with a $iameter greater than 0.@ of the tan% $iameter+ turning at a s ow spee$. #ro9eller. App icab e when the )iscosity is ess than about 2000 c!+ an$ for )esse )o umes ess than 1>00 ga ons *@000 iters, because they weigh much more * e.g.+ cost more, than turbines. #u:9ed Circulation ;no a7itator<. TANKJKT $oes not mo$e circu ation with &ets+ but instea$ treats this as if the iDui$ f ows through the )esse as if it were a arge pipe. Retreatin784lade Tur4ine.
!age 1>
2ifferent prompts appear after se ecting the agitator type from the pu $own ist. These re ate to impe er $iameter+ height+ pitch+ an$ rotationa spee$. ;uggeste$ )a ues appear to the right of the correspon$ing $ata input ce sC the suggestions are appro5imate y the )a ues that were use$ when the corre ations were $e)e ope$. (f your geometry is much $ifferent from the suggestions then the accuracy may be correspon$ing y worse. ;ome )esse s use mu tip e impe ers. This is especia y true when the tan% is )ery ta *more than 1#1G2 times the $iameter,. The iterature $oes not pro)i$e corre ations for mu tip e impe ersC howe)er+ researchers report that the heat transfer is not much $ifferent when there are two impe ers compare$ to one. /ur recommen$ation is to input the geometry for one impe er+ e)en if there are se)era + an$ ea)e it at that.
!age 1@
.! Su::ar3 of t2e calculation results Ca cu ations are performe$ as $ata is entere$ *if 3Automatic3 ca cu ation is turne$ on+ the $efau t
con$ition,. Lefer to the 3Suic% Lesu ts3 section on the 2ata (nput screen to see the effect of your inputs. This is most often use$ to test a ternati)es such as choice of heat transfer f ui$+ impe er $iameter+ an$ f owrate in the &ac%et. 0hen you are finishe$ with your 30hat if3 e5perimentation+ c ic% on the 32atasheet3 tab at the bottom of the screen where the comp ete$ ca cu ation an$ assumptions are waiting for fina re)iew an$ printing.
!age 1F
ATASHEET RE#ORT
The $atasheet is $esigne$ to match the oo% an$ fee of chemengsoftwareAs other sprea$sheet pro$ucts. (nput $ata an$ resu ts are neat y arrange$ rea$y for printing an$ issuing to your c ient or for fi ing in your ca cu ation fi e. ;ince this is a sprea$sheet you are free to annotate the $atasheet+ or change it permanent y to your i%ing. 'arious printer bran$s an$ types react $ifferent y to the $atasheet output. 0hi e a typica <! ?aserJet prints it perfect y+ a <! 2es%Jet *in%&et, printer e5pan$s it hori.onta y causing it to sp it to a secon$ page. This is annoying but can be rectifie$ if necessary by changing the !age ;etup= to 84it to 1 !age9. :ou can sa)e comp ete$ $atasheets in a new H5ce wor%boo% by fo owing this proce$ureB 1. (n a$$ition to TANKJKT+ open an e5isting wor%boo% or create a new one. 2. Comp ete your ca cu ation in TANKJKT as usua . ". 0hi e )iewing the 2atasheet wor%sheet+ C/!: the wor%sheet to your a ternate wor%boo%.
!age 1I
TI/ELINE
The time ine is an e5citing feature of TANKJKT. (t is a graph that shows the temperature change of the )esse contents of a perio$ of your choosing. The ca cu ations are repeate$ for each of @0 $ata pointsC the )iscosity of the )esse contents is a$&uste$ for each ca cu ation using the bui t#in corre ation.1 The printe$ form is the same as the 2atasheet report+ e5cept the bottom portion where resu ts are printe$ are rep ace$ with the graph. To create a time ine+ go to the Time ine wor%sheet. (n the secon$ row+ enter a )a ue for 8(nter)a 9 to in$icate how freDuent y the ca cu ations wi be repeate$. 4or e5amp e+ inputting the number 8"9 means that the initia rate of coo ing wi be assume$ constant for " minutes+ then the ca cu ations wi be repeate$ with the new starting temperature. ;ince @0 inter)a s are compute$+ the $uration of your time ine wi be @0 times the inter)a + or in this e5amp e+ " hours. After entering the inter)a + c ic% on the 8New Time ine9 button. There wi be a short pause as the time ine is reca cu ate$. :ou are returne$ to the 2ata (nput wor%sheet+ signifying that the ca cu ations are $one. :ou can now go bac% to the
.nte#$al (.0 ,in+te- bet) een calc+lationREV PREPARED BY DATE 0 S. Hall Feb-05-97 1 2 ! " ( 1 5 2 7 8 9 !0 !! !" !( !1 !5 !2 !7 !8 !9 "0 "! "" "( "1 "5 "2 "7 "8 "9 (0 (! (" (( (1 (5 (2 (7 (8 (9 10 1! 1" 1( 11 15 12 17 18 19 50 5! 5"
JACKETED VESSEL HEAT TRANSFER CLIENT EQ I!" N# &'( Co) R#**+ APPROVAL W"#" %EQ ISITI#N N#" !50"-2( NIT A%EA !%#C %E' B( Reaction Bld !5 2500 Liter Stainless Steel Reactor Vessel Data $e#tical% c&lind#ical Contents 900 allon.nitial Te,/e#at+#e 20 inc3eT3e#,al 4ond+cti$it& 7" inc3eS/eci6ic Heat AS7E To#i-/3e#ical Di-3ed Den-it& (!2 SS Vi-co-it& 0.( inc3e:la-Vi-co-it& at )all 0 inc3e0.000! inc3eAgitator Type 0.0070 inc3e.,/elle# Dia,ete# 0 6t;-3#-0F5Bt+ S/eed 0.00! 6t;-3#-0F5Bt+ 'ate# !00 0F 0.(2 Bt+53-6t-0F !.00 Bt+5lb-0F 2!.8! lb56t9 0.81 cP ".0(" lb56t-3 !.!8 cP ".855 lb56t-3 Ret#eatin -blade T+#bine "0 inc3e(0 #/, !A$E S!ECI&ICATI#N N#" INSTALLE' B(
O#ientation Total )o#*in $ol+,e .n-ide dia,ete# Tan ent-to-tan ent Head7ate#ial o6 con-t#+ction T3ic*ne-Linin T3ic*ne-.nte#nal -+#6ace #o+ 3ne-O+t-ide -+#6ace #o+ 3ne-.nte#nal 6o+lin 6acto# O+t-ide 6o+lin 6acto# <=ac*et> Ve--el i- ba66led
Jacket Fluid Fluid Na e 'ate# Te,/e#at+#e at =ac*et inlet 10 T3e#,al 4ond+cti$it& 0.(1 S/eci6ic Heat !.00 P#e--+#e d#o/ in -ide)all dete#,ine- 6lo) in btt, @ coil Den-it& 2".70 Vi-co-it& !.10 (.(8 E-ti,ated $e--el )all te,/. 8" 0F P#andtl A+,be# 9.81 7et3od 6o# dete#,inin 6lo) #ate in =ac*et o# coil? Ta# et P#e--+#e D#o/ Val+e !0 /-i
Jacket and Coil Data Pi/e -iCe? ( inc3e-D !80 de incl+ded an leD 0.!0 inc3e- bet)een loo/8 loo/- di$ided into ! Cone-D 1! 6t; total 3eat t#an-6e# a#ea Pi/e -iCe? ( inc3e-D !80 de incl+ded an leD 0.!0 inc3e- bet)een loo/!9 6t; 3eat t#an-6e# a#eaD /i/ed in /a#allel )it3 -ide)all Pi/e -iCe? " inc3e- inc3e-D "%000 inc3e- lon 70." 6t; 3eat t#an-6e# a#ea
!"0.00 !00.00 80.00 20.00 10.00 "0.00 0.00 0 !5 (0 15 20 75 90 !05 !"0 !(5 !50 !25 !80 Ti e ! inutes%
AE' T.7EL.AE
JACKETED VESSEL HEAT TRANSFER
CLIENT
EQ I!" N#
!A$E
The ?ewis#;Duires corre ation for estimating )iscosity at a new temperature is inten$e$ on y for use in these heat transfer ca cu ations an$ shou $ not be construe$ as an accurate )a ue. (t wor%s best with Newtonian f ui$s o)er re ati)e y sma temperature ranges.
!age 1M
FLUI
ATA
The f ui$ $ata is an e5treme y )a uab e feature of TANKJKT. <eat transfer f ui$s from ea$ing companies such as ;o utia+ 2ow+ 2u !ont+ Ca f o an$ others are inc u$e$. :ou can easi y a$$ more f ui$s to the tab e. 2ata in the tab e are in the fo owing unitsB Temperature..................$egrees C *e5cept )iscosity which uses $egrees K, Therma Con$ucti)ity.. .-tuGhr#ft#T4 ;pecific <eat.................-tuG b#T4 2ensity..........................re ati)e to water 'iscosity.......................c! 'apor !ressure..............mm <g 2ata are regresse$ inear y for therma con$ucti)ity+ specific heat+ an$ $ensityB property Q mt N b 'iscosity is fit to a cur)e of the form *'oge eDuation,B n*c!, Q A N -G*t N C, 'apor !ressure is fit to a cur)e of the form *Antoine HDuation,B og*'!, Q A # -G*t N C, A section of the 4 ui$ 2ata wor%sheet is pro)i$e$ for ca cu ating the coefficients in the abo)e corre ations. ;e ect units for each of the properties correspon$ing with your source of $ata. Hnter the properties at se)en temperatures an$ the coefficients are imme$iate y ca cu ate$. The input $ata are graphe$ a ong with the )a ues pre$icte$ from the new coefficients. 0hen satisfie$+ c ic% on the 8A$$ 4 ui$ to 2atabase9 button to mo)e the new $ata into the $ata tab e. N/THB if the f ui$ name $up icates one a rea$y in the tab e then the $ata is not mo)e$. :ou must first $e ete the row in the tab e containing the o $ $ata+ or rename the new f ui$ to a uniDue name. There is no error chec%ing in this proce$ure6 (t is your responsibi ity to ensure that a input fie $s are comp ete$ an$ correct. To increase the accuracy of the )iscosity eDuation+ three sets of coefficients are pro)i$e$ for a ow+ me$ium+ an$ high temperature range. This comp icates the ca cu ation of )iscosity+ but the har$ wor% is $one by the computer6 TI#= 0hen you often uti i.e the same materia inside the )esse + you can %eep its temperature#$epen$ant $ata a)ai ab e for han$y reference. (nc u$e your process f ui$ in the f ui$ $ata tab e. Then+ when entering the physica properties for the f ui$ insi$e the )esse *see page 1",+ temporari y choose that f ui$ as your !acket f ui$. Hnter a temperature for the &ac%et eDua to the insi$e temperature. The &ac%et $ata fie $s wi $isp ay the properties that you can manua y re#enter for the insi$e f ui$. -e sure to return the &ac%et f ui$ an$ temperature to its norma con$ition before procee$ing.
!age 20
!ropane !ropy ene Lefrigerant L#11 Lefrigerant L#11" Lefrigerant L#117 Lefrigerant L#12 Lefrigerant L#12" Lefrigerant L#127 Lefrigerant L#1" Lefrigerant L#1"7a Lefrigerant L#1>2a Lefrigerant L#22 ;team ;y therm I00 ;y therm <4 ;y therm U?T ;yntre ">0 Therma ane >>0 Therma ane @00 Therma ane I00 Therma ane 4R#1 Therma ane ? Thermino >> Thermino >M Thermino @@ Thermino F> Thermino 2#12 Thermino 4;+ 20 wtO pg Thermino 4;+ "0 wtO pg Thermino 4;+ 70 wtO pg Thermino 4;+ >0 wtO pg Thermino 4;+ @0 wtO pg Thermino ?T Thermino '!#1 Thermino U! 0ater
!age 21
ATA TABLES
The 2ata Tab es are integra to the ca cu ations performe$ by TANKJKT. They pro)i$e basic $ata inc u$ing pipe $iameters+ wa thic%nesses+ an$ heat transfer coefficients for wa an$ ining materia s. Units con)ersions from U; Customary to ;( are iste$ on this wor%sheet. :ou may not change the U; Customary units because a ca cu ations are performe$ using these units an$ are $epen$ant on them. <owe)er+ the ;( units &ust go a ong for the ri$eC you may change the abe an$ con)ersion factor for them with aban$on. -ut if you $o so+ p ease be )ery carefu to $o it correct y. /therwise you may obtain erroneous resu ts. :ou can a$$ a$$itiona wa or ining materia s into the tab es. (f you ha)e )a ues for therma con$ucti)ity of your materia at 2 or more temperatures+ regress it on a straight# ine basis. A han$y itt e tab e is pro)i$e$ *ce s ("FB?7>, that shows how. The regression must use $eg 4 for temperature an$ -tuGhr#ft#4 for con$ucti)ity. After getting the regresse$ )a ues for s ope an$ intercept+ insert ce s into the materia s or inings tab e an$ enter the )a ues. The $iameter an$ wa thic%nesses for ha f#pipe coi an$ interna coi pipes are containe$ in tab es. :ou can change a $ata in these tab es e"cept for the first co umn+ abe e$ 3;i.e3 which is $eri)e$ from the 3U; ;i.es3 an$ 3;( ;i.es3 co umns. (n the ce abe e$ 3steam coefficient3 *aroun$ HI2 on this wor%sheet, you1 fin$ a re$ number. This is the coeffcient use$ by TANKJKT for computing the outsi$e heat transfer coefficient for steam con$ensation. (t is the on y phase change f ui$ supporte$. As it says on the wor%sheet+ )a ues in the iterature range from as itt e as "00 -tuGh#ft2#4 to 1>00 for steam con$ensing in a &ac%et or coi . The ow )a ue is thought to be the resu t of non#con$ensib es in the steam. Most pub ishe$ sources agree that I00 to 1000 is a goo$ number to use+ but you may choose any coefficient you i%e an$ enter it here.
Stea condensation T3e 3eat t #an-6e# coe66icient 6o# conden-in -t ea, i- -et t o a 6iEed $al+e ba-ed on #e/o#t ed #e-ea#c3. Val+e- in t 3e lit e#at +#e #an e 6#o, a- lit t le a- (00 Bt +5 3#-6t "-F t o !500% )it 3 t 3e 3i 3e# $al+e- con-id e#ed ,o#e acc+#at e. T3e balance o6 o/inion i- t o +-e a $al+e in t 3e 800 t o !00 0 #an e Val+e 6o# -t ea, coe66icient ? 900 Bt+56t;-3#-0F
At the bottom of this wor%sheet are some interme$iate ca cu ations an$ in$ices associate$ with the pu $own ists+ chec%bo5es+ an$ ra$io buttons foun$ on the 2ata (nput screen. 2o not attempt to change+ protect+ or otherwise a ter this section. (t1s )ery important to the integrity of the $ata an$ resu ts6
!age 22
CALCULATIONS
Ca cu ations are containe$ on the Ca cu ation wor%sheet+ an$ are arrange$ for easy un$erstan$ing. The iterature has conf icting corre ations $e)e ope$ by $ifferent researchers o)er the years. A though we thin% the formu as use$ in TANKJKT represent the consensus of opinion+ you are free to a$&ust them to your i%ing. The Ca cu ation wor%sheet shou $ enab e you to $o so without too much $ifficu ty. <owe)er+ since this is a comp e5 sprea$sheet temp ate+ e5ercise $ue caution whene)er changes to ca cu ations are contemp ate$.
This screen shot shows the ca cu ation area for ha f#pipe coi &ac%ets. There are simi ar areas for the other &ac%et types+ interna coi s+ f ui$ $ata+ an$ insi$e heat transfer. The $ar% green sha$e$ co umns show interme$iate an$ fina resu ts in Customary U; unitsC the ight green co umns are in ;( units. 0hiche)er set of units youA)e chosen on the 2ata (nput screen+ both are $isp aye$ on the ca cu ations sheet. Notice the ast ine+ 8<eat transfer coefficient+9 where the source of the eDuation use$ for the ca cu ation is reference$. (t is possib e for you to substitute your own fa)orite corre ation here+ or ma%e other minor changes to the co$e if you are so inc ine$.
!age 2"
Letrie)ing an o $ ca cu ation is simp e. Choose it from the $rop#$own ist of sa)e$ $ata+ then c ic% the 8Lestore ;a)e$ Ca cu ation9 button. ThatAs it. To $e ete o $ ca cu ations from the archi)e+ go to the ;a)e$ 2ata wor%sheet. Then high ight the row*s, containing your unwante$ $ata. 2e ete the row*s, by using H5ce As H$it=2e ete= comman$. The screen shot be ow is from the 2ata (nput wor%sheet+ showing the $rop#$own ist of sa)e$ ca cu ations. After c ic%ing on the se ection+ c ic% the 8Lestore ;a)e$ Ca cu ation9 button to bring it bac%.
!age 27
REFERENCES
-o iger+ 2ona $ <.+ 8Assessing heat transfer in process#)esse &ac%ets+9 C emical #ngineering+ ;eptember 20+ 1MI2+ page M>. -on$y+ 4re$eric%+ an$ ?ippa+ ;hepher$+ 3<eat transfer in agitate$ )esse s3+ C emical #ngineering+ Apri 7+ 1MI"+ page @2. 2ream+ Lobert 4.+ 3<eat Transfer in Agitate$ Jac%ete$ 'esse s3+ C emical #ngineering+ 'o 10@+ No 1+ January 1MMM+ page M1. Rar)in+ John+ 3Un$erstan$ the Therma 2esign of Jac%ete$ 'esse s3+ C emical #ngineering Progress+ 'o M>+ No @+ June 1MMM+ page @1. Rar)in+ John+ 3Hstimate <eat Transfer an$ 4riction in 2imp e Jac%ets3+ C emical #ngineering Progress+ 'o MF+ No 7+ Apri 2001+ page F". !enny+ 0.L.+ 3<eat transfer corre ations3+ in Handbook of Heat #"c anger $ec nolog%+ <emisphere !ub ishing Corp.+ New :or% *1MI",.