Circuit explanation for 555 timer

Block diagram

NE555 is composed of the voltage comparators, the flip-flop and the transistor for the discharge. The
composition is simple, but it is excellent one.
Three resistors are connected with the inside in series and the power supply voltage(Vcc) is divided
in 3. This composition is an excellent point. 1/3 with power supply voltage is applied to the positive
input terminal of the comparator (COMP1) and the voltage of 2/3 is applied to the negative terminal
of the comparator (COMP2). When the voltage of the trigger terminal(TRIGGER) is less than 1/3 of
the power supply voltage, the S terminal of the flip-flop(FF) becomes H level and an FF is set. When
the voltage of the threshold terminal(THRESHOLD) is more than 2/3 of the power supply voltage,
the R terminal of the FF becomes H level and an FF is reset.

The oscillation operation explanation

I will explain the circuit operation below.

The condition immediately

after the turning on
The condition when turning on the
power becomes the condition which is
shown in the figure on the left. The L is
0 V almost, showing the low level. H is
the value which is high level and is
near Vcc. The flip-flop (FF) is the SR

type. The Q becomes H and becomes

the L when S becomes H. After that,
even if S becomes the L, the Q

maintains H and maintains the

condition of the L. When R becomes H, becomes H and the Q becomes the L. That is, the Q
becomes H when a few S become H(the set) and the Q becomes the L when a few R become H(the

reset). When S and R become H at the same time, the condition of the Q and is unsettled. (I think

that both become H). Because is H in this condition, TR is in the ON condition and the collector
(C) of TR is in the L condition. Therefore, the electric charge doesn't store up in capacitor(C), the (+)
terminal with the voltage comparator(COMP2) doesn't cross V2. Because it is, the output of COMP2
is as the L and the FF doesn't become the reset condition. OUT is as the L condition.

The timer start condition

When the start switch (SW) is pushed,
the COMP1 (-) terminal becomes the L
condition.
Because the voltage of the COMP1 (-)
terminal became equal to or less than
V1 of the (+) terminal, the output of
COMP1 becomes the H condition.
With this, the FF becomes the set

condition, the Q changes into H,

changes into the L condition and OUT
becomes the H condition.

Because became the L condition, TR becomes the OFF condition. When TR becomes the OFF
condition, the electric charge begins to store up in capacitor(C) through the resistor (R). As the
electric charge stores up in capacitor(C), voltage of the both edges of capacitor(C) begins to go up.
The start switch (SW) uses the non lock type which turns back after pushing once. In case of being as
the pushed condition, OUT doesn't become the L condition even if the timer does in the time-out.
When the start switch (SW) turns back, the COMP1 (-) terminal becomes the H condition and to
become equal to or more than V1 of the (+) terminal, the output of COMP1 becomes the L condition.
The output of COMP1 becomes the L condition and the S terminal of the FF becomes the L

condition, the condition of Q and of the FF don't change. While the voltage of capacitor(C) doesn't
exceed the voltage V2(the voltage of
the COMP2 (-) terminal), FF maintains
this condition.
 The time-out condition
The output of COMP2 becomes the H
condition when the electric charge
stores up in capacitor(C) and the
voltage of the COMP2 (+) terminal
crosses V2 of the (-) terminal. The reset
terminal (R) of the FF becomes the H
condition with this, the Q becomes the

L and becomes the H condition.

OUT becomes the L condition.

Because becomes the H condition,

TR becomes the ON condition. Because TR becomes the ON condition, the COMP2 (+) terminal
becomes the L condition and the output of COMP2 returns to the L condition. So, the condition of

the Q and don't change, OUT is as the L condition. Also, because TR becomes the ON condition,
discharge through TR by the electric charge of capacitor(C) and the electric charge of capacitor(C)
passes away.

By above operation, it returned to the condition before pushing the start

switch.