IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

Introduction to antenna and near-field simulation in CST Microwave Studio software

Jorge R J R. C Costa t Jerzy Guterman

2005, it - instituto de telecomunicaes. Todos os direitos reservados.

CST Design g Environment

3D EM simulation of high frequency problems Signal and power integrity and EMC/EMI analysis on printed circuit boards

Analysis and design of static and low frequency EM applications Simulation of free moving charged particles Circuit tool which combine results from other CST simulators

Signal and power integrity and EMC/EMI analysis of cable harnesses

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

CST MWS Simulation Method

FIT: Finite Integration Technique
Maxwell Equations
r ur uu r B uur E dl = dS t S S ur uur D dS = dV
V V

Maxwell Grid Equations

Ce = d b dt % =q Sd % = d d+j Ch dt Sb = 0

r uu r uu r D r uur H dl = + J dS t S S u r uur B dS = 0
V

Calculation Domain

r ur uu r B uur dS E dl = t S S
Grid

Ce =

d b dt

ek el bn e j
ei ei + e j ek el = d bn dt

ei e j = d [b ] 1 1 1 1 [144244 ] n 3 ek dt { b C el { e

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

CST MWS Transient Solver

Material Equations
r r D=E r r B= H r r r uu J = E + J s

d = M e b = M h j = M e + js

Transient Solver
h ei +3 2 = h t M Ce % i +1 i +1 = ei +1 2 + t M 1 Ch j
i i +1 1 i +1 2

hi

ei +1 2

hi +1

ei +3 2

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

CST MWS User Interface

Project type selection (environment parameters)

Navigation Tree Drawing Plane

Variables List

Project Messages Windows

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: p Dipole p Antenna

Initial Setup
Select S l t new project j ti in CST MWS Select Antenna (Mobile Phone) template Confirm units Confirm environment (air)

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: p Dipole p Antenna

Geometry Drawing
Draw D cylinder li d Name: Arm_up Dimensions (in mm) Material: Perfect Electric Conductor PEC Select object in navigation i ti t tree Object transform

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: p Dipole p Antenna

Excitation and Simulation Setup
Insert I discrete di port Setup frequency range Run Transient Solver

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: p Dipole p Antenna

1D Results
In I navigation i ti t tree go to t 1D Results o S11 o Smith Chart o Port Signal o Energy Can export results in txt file or TOUCHSTONE format

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: p Dipole p Antenna

Setting Monitors
Add Fi Field ld M Monitors it ( (navigation i ti tree + right mouse bottom): o E E-field field @ 2 2.2 2 GHz o H-field @ 2.2 GHz o Farfield/RCS @ 2.2 GHz

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

10

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: p Dipole p Antenna

Improving simulation
Boundary B d C Conditions diti -> > Symmetry Planes o YZ plane: magnetic (Ht (Ht=0) 0) o XZ plane: magnetic (Ht=0) o XY plane: electric (Et=0) Transient Solver o Adaptive mesh refinement

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

11

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: p Dipole p Antenna

Adaptive mesh results
In I navigation i ti t tree go to t 1D Results -> Adaptive Meshing o S11 o Mesh cells o Solver time Transient Solver o Deselect Adaptive mesh refinement o Press Apply

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

12

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: p Dipole p Antenna

Near-field results
In I navigation i ti t tree go to t 2D/ 3D Results -> E-field or H-field: o Field components o Amplitudes o Phases Can export results in txt file

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

13

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: p Dipole p Antenna

Far-field results
In I navigation i ti t tree go to t Farfields: o Field components o Co-pol. and Cross-pol. o Polar, 2D or 3D o Rad. Efficiency o Directivity or Gain Can export p results in txt file or in GRASP format

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

14

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: p Dipole p Antenna

Structure Parameterization
Select Arm_up in navigation tree Edit object In define cylinder, change Zmax to variable L Transient Solver o Par. Sweep o Add watch S11 in dB o New Seq Seq. & New Par. L Check & Start
IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

15

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: p Dipole p Antenna

Mesh Operations
Enable E bl mesh h view i View global mesh properties Change local mesh of Arm_up

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

16

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

Visit CST Website

www.cst.com

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

17

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

2nd Example: p Microstrip p Patch

Geometry Drawing
New Project Draw Ground, Substrate and Patch Define discrete port (use local coordinate system) S Setup t frequency f range (1 to t 3 GHz) GH ) & Field Monitors @ 2.2 GHz Run transient solver
Object Ground Substrate Patch Xmin -40 -40 -28 Xmax 40 40 28 Ymin -40 -40 -21 Ymax 40 40 21 Zmin 0 0.02 3 Zmax 0 02 0.02 3 3.02 Material Copper RT5880 Copper
28 mm

11 mm

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

18

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

2nd Example: p Microstrip p Patch

Coaxial Feed (Part 1)
Copy S11 dB curve & delete discrete port Macros -> Calculate -> Analytical Line Impedance p Draw Inner Conductor cylinder: o Select S l t Ground G d ( (repeat t for f Substrate) S b t t ) o Object -> Boolean -> Insert -> Inner Conductor Conductor
Object Inner Conductor Dielectric Outer Conductor Radius 0.45 1.49 1.8 Zmin -20 -20 -20 Zmax 3 0 0 Material Copper pp Teflon (r = 2.08) Copper

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

19

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

2nd Example: p Microstrip p Patch

Coaxial Feed (Part 2)
Pick lateral face of Inner Inner Conductor Conductor Object -> Extrude -> create Dielectric Repeat for Outer Conductor Pick top face of Dielectric Object -> Local Modifications -> Move Face (-3) p for Outer Conductor Repeat
Object Inner Conductor Dielectric Outer Conductor Radius 0.45 1.49 1.8 Zmin -20 -20 -20 Zmax 3 0 0 Material Copper pp Teflon (r = 2.08) Copper
1.04

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

20

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

2nd Example: p Microstrip p Patch

Waveguide Port
Pick bottom face of Outer Outer Conductor Conductor Select Waveguide Port Run Transient Solver In navigation tree see 2D/3D Results -> Port M d Modes Compare S11 curves

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

21

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

2nd Example: p Microstrip p Patch

Simulation of a body above antenna
Copy E- and H-planes radiation patterns Copy S11 dB curve Create brick of Body: o Create new material Body r=5 5 and d =1 1 (S/ (S/m) ) Run Transient Solver See S11 curve & radiation patterns
-70 -70 70 70

10

40

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

22

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

Q Questions ti ?

After a CST simulation ...

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

23

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010