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Standard Form translation a. No things derived from sensory impressions are items of knowledge substance itself b. All items of knowledge are things derived from sensory impressions c. Therefore, no items of knowledge are items of knowledge of substance itself Mood and figure: EAE-1 Valid; Celarent Standard Form translation a. All predicables come in contradictory pairs b. No names come in contradictory pairs c. Therefore, no name is predicable Mood and figure: AEE-2 Valid; Camestres Standard Form translation a. All who tries heroin becomes hopelessly addicted to it b. All who smoke marijuana tries heroin c. All who smoke marijuana becomes hopelessly addicted to it Mood and figure: AAA-1 Valid; Barbara Standard Form translation a. All bodies on which a freely swinging pendulum of fixed length has periods of oscillation which decrease slightly with increasing latitude from the equator to both poles is an oblate spheroid slightly flattened at the poles b. Earth is a body on which a freely swinging pendulum of fixed length has periods of oscillation which decrease slightly with increasing latitude from the equator to both poles c. Therefore the Earth is an oblate spheroid slightly flattened at the poles Mood and figure: AAA-1 Valid; Barbara Standard Form translation a. Bankrupt companies are unable to pay interest on its debts b. Barcelona Traction was unable to pay interest on its debts c. Therefore, Barcelona Traction must be bankrupt Mood and figure: AAA-2 Invalid; Fallacy of Undistributed Middle Standard Form translation a. Fanaticism is always a vice b. Extremism is fanaticism c. Therefore, extremism is always a vice Mood and figure: AAA-1 Valid; Barbara Standard Form translation a. All teachers whose values conflict with social norms marks a pervasive tension in their professional life b. All teachers will inevitably be in conflict with some segment or segments of the community they teach c. Therefore, all teachers will have tension in their professional life Mood and figure: IAE-1 Invalid; Fallacy of four terms Standard Form translation a. No syllogisms having two negative premises are valid b. Some valid syllogisms are sound c. Therefore, some unsound arguments are syllogisms having 2 negative premise Mood and figure: EII-3 Valid; Fallacy of drawing an affirmative conclusion from a negative premise Standard Form translations a. Any two persons who contradict each other cannot both be lying b. First and third natives contradict each other c. Therefore, First and third natives cannot both be lying Mood and figure: AAA-1 Valid; Barbara

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10) Answer Given in the book 11) Standard Form translations a. All alcoholics are frequently intoxicated b. No frequently intoxicated are dependable c. Therefore, No dependable are alcoholic Mood and figure: AEE-4 Valid; Camenes

2) No M is P All S is M Thus, All S is P Drawing an affirmative conclusion from a negative premise 3) Some M is P All M is S Some S is not P Illicit Major 4) Some P is M No M is S Some S is not P Illicit Major 5) All M is P All M is S All S is P Illicit Minor 6) Some P is M All S is M Some S is P Undistributed Middle 7) Some S is not P All M is S All S is P Drawing an affirmative conclusion from a negative premise

8) No P is M All M is S Some S is not P Valid 9) Some M is not P All M is S Some S is P Drawing an affirmative conclusion from a negative premise 10) Some M is P No S is M Some S is not P Illicit Major 11) No M is P All M is S Some S is not P Existential Fallacy 12) All P is M Some S is M Some S is P Undistributed Middle 13) No M is P No S is M No S is P Exclusive Premises 14) Some P is not M All S is M Some S is not P Illicit Major