Code No: RR311801 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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n P
n
1. (a) If A1 , A2 , ........ An, are n events then prove that P( ∩ Ai) ≥ P (Ai) −
i=1 i=1
(n − 1)
(b) Companies B1 , B2 , B3 produce 30%, 45%, 25% of the cars respectively. It is
known that 2%, 3%, 2% of these cars produced from B1 ,B2 , B3 are defective.
i. What is the probability that a car purchased is defective.
ii. If a car purchased is found to be defective what is the probability that
this car is produced by the company B . [6+10]
2. (a) Define random variable, discrete probability distribution, continuous proba-
bility distribution and cumulative distribution. Give an example of each.
(b) Assume that 50% of all engineering students are good in mathematics. Deter-
mine the probabilities that among 18 engineering students
i. exactly 10
ii. at least 10
iii. at most 8
iv. at least 2 and at most 9 , are good in mathematics. [8+8]
3. (a) Seeds are packed in packets of 20. It is known that 5% do not germinate.
Determine the number of packets containing
i. atleast 2
ii. atmost 2 non germinating seeds in a consignment of 1000 packets.
(b) When the mean of marks was 50% and standard deviation 5% then 60% of
the students failed in mathematics examination. Determine the ‘grace’ marks
to be awarded in order to show that 70% of the students passed, assuming
that the marks are normally distributed. [8+8]
4. (a) The mean of certain normal population is equal to the standard error of the
mean of the samples of 64 from that distribution. Find the probability that
the mean of the sample size 36 will be negative.
(b) A sample of 64 students have a mean weight of 70kgs. Can this be regarded as
a sample from a population with mean weight 65kgs and standard deviation
25kgs. [8+8]
5. (a) A lady stenographer claims that she can take dictation at the rate of 118
words per minute can we reject her claim on the basis of 100 trials in which
she demonstrates a mean of 116 words and a S.D of 15 words.

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Code No: RR311801 Set No. 1
(b) In a large consignment of oranges a random sample of 64 oranges revealed
that 14 oranges were bad. If it reasonable to ensure that 20% of the oranges
are bad? [8+8]

6. Two independent samples of sound 7 items respectively had the following values.

Sample-I 11 11 13 11 15 9 12 14
Sample-II 9 11 10 13 9 8 10 -

Is the difference between the means of samples significant? [16]

7. (a) Fit a straight line y = a + bx for the following data

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 14 33 40 63 76 85

(b) Fit a curve of the y = axb for the following data [8+8]

x 1 2 3 4 5
y .5 .2 4.5 8 12.5

8. (a) A sample of 12 fathers and their eldest sons gave the following data about
their height in inches calculate the coefficient of rank correlation. [8+8]
Fathers 65 63 67 64 68 62 70 66 68 67 69 71
Sons 68 66 68 65 69 66 68 65 71 67 68 70
(b) Given that x = 4y + 5 and y = k x +4 are the regression lines of x on y and y
on x, respectively, show that 0 ≤ k ≤ 25. If k = 0.10 actually, find the means
of the variables c and y and also their coefficient of correlation.

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Code No: RR311801 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

n P
n
1. (a) If A1 , A2 , ........ An, are n events then prove that P( ∩ Ai) ≥ P (Ai) −
i=1 i=1
(n − 1)
(b) Companies B1 , B2 , B3 produce 30%, 45%, 25% of the cars respectively. It is
known that 2%, 3%, 2% of these cars produced from B1 ,B2 , B3 are defective.
i. What is the probability that a car purchased is defective.
ii. If a car purchased is found to be defective what is the probability that
this car is produced by the company B . [6+10]
2. (a) A random variable X has the following distribution

X 1 2 3 4 8 9
P(x) k 3k 5k 7k 9k 11k
Determine
i. K
ii. mean
iii. p(x ≥ 3)
(b) Derive a recurrence relation of Binomial distribution and also find the mode
of Binomial distribution [8+8]
3. (a) Define Poisson distribution and find its variance and the mean.
(b) Find the mean and standard deviation of a normal distribution in which 7%
of items are under 35 and 89% are under 63. [8+8]
4. (a) A random sample of size 144 is taken from an infinite population having the
mean 75 and variance 225. What is the probability that x will lie between 72
and 77?
(b) It is claimed that a random sample of 49 tyres is a mean life of 15200km. This
sample was drawn from a population whose mean is 15150kms and a standard
deviation of 1200km. Test the significance at 0.5 level. [8+8]
5. (a) A random sample of 400 flower stems has an average length of 15 cms. Can
this be regarded as a sample from a large population with mean 16 cms and
S.D 5 cms.
(b) 20 people were attacked by a disease and only 18 survived will you reject the
hypothesis that the survival rate if attached by this disease is 85% in favour
of the hypothesis that is more at 5% level. [8+8]

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Code No: RR311801 Set No. 2
6. The following is the distribution of the hourly number of trucks arriving at a com-
pany’s warehouse.

Tracks arriving per hour 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Frequency 52 151 130 102 45 12 5 1 2

Fit a Poisson distribution and test for goodness of fit at the level of significance
.05. [16]

7. (a) Fit a straight line y = a0 + a1 x for the following data and estimate the value
of y when x=25.
x 0 5 10 15 20
y 7 11 16 20 26

(b) Fit a curve of the form y = axb by the method of least squares for the following
data [8+8]

x 1 2 3 4 5
y 5 2 4.5 8 12.5

8. (a) Calculate the correlation coefficient between the heights of fathers and their
sons
Heights of fathers (X) 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72
Heights of sons (Y) 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71

(b) The equations of two regression lines obtained in a correlation analysis are
3x+12y=19, 3y+9x=46 Find
i. Coefficient of correlation
ii. Mean values of x and y
iii. The ratio of the coefficient of variability of x to that of y [8+8]

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Code No: RR311801 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) State and prove the theorem of total probability

(b) In a certain college 25% of the students failed in Mathematics, 15% failed in
chemistry and 10% in Mathematics and Chemistry. A student is selected at
random.
i. If he/she failed in Mathematics, what is the probability that he/she failed
in Mathematics.
ii. If he/she failed in Mathematics, what is the probability that he/she failed
in Chemistry. [6+10]

2. (a) If X is a 
continuous random variable with distribution.
1
x+k if 0 ≤ x ≤ 3
f (x) = 6
0 elsewhere

determine
i. the value of k
ii. the mean
iii. P(1 ≤ x ≤ 2)
(b) Derive the formula to find the mean and variance of Binomial distribution
[8+8]

3. (a) If the variance of a Poisson variate is 3. Find the probability that

i. x=0
ii. 1≤ x < 4
iii. 0 < x ≤ 3
(b) Write the importance of normal distribution
(c) If x is a normal vairate with mean 30 and the standard deviation 5. Find the
probability that
i. 26 ≤ x ≤ 40
ii. x ≥ 45 [8+8]

4. (a) Sample of size 2 are taken from the population 1,2,3,4,5,6 without replacement
Find
i. The mean of the population.
ii. The standard deviation of the population.

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Code No: RR311801 Set No. 3
iii. The mean of sampling distribution of means.
iv. The standard deviation of sampling distribution of means.
(b) In 64 randomly selected hours of production the mean and the standard devi-
ation of the number of acceptance pieces produced by an automatic stamping
machine are x = 1.038 and the standard deviation σ = .146. At the .05 level
of significance test the hypothesis if µ =1.000. [10+6]
5. (a) A lady stenographer claims that she can take dictation at the rate of 118
words per minute can we reject her claim on the basis of 100 trials in which
she demonstrates a mean of 116 words and a S.D of 15 words.
(b) In a large consignment of oranges a random sample of 64 oranges revealed
that 14 oranges were bad. If it reasonable to ensure that 20% of the oranges
are bad? [8+8]
6. Suppose during 400 five- minute intervals the air-traffic control of an airport re-
ceived 0, 1..........12 messages and observed frequencies are given in the following
table.
No.of Messages
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 15 47 76 68 74 46 39 15 9 5 2 0
Test whether the Poisson distribution with λ = 4.5 provides a good fit to the above
data? [16]
7. (a) In the following table tensile force applied to a steel specimen in thousands of
pounds, and y is the resulting elongation in thousand of an inch:
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 14 33 40 63 76 85
Fit a st. line y = ax + b, and use it to predict the elongation when the tensile
force is 3.5 thousand pounds. [8+8]
(b) Fit a curve of the form y = ab for the following data.
x

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 6 18 35 160 485 1460
8. (a) Calculate the correlation coefficient between the heights of fathers and their
sons
Heights of fathers (X) 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72
Heights of sons (Y) 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71
(b) The equations of two regression lines obtained in a correlation analysis are
3x+12y=19, 3y+9x=46 Find
i. Coefficient of correlation
ii. Mean values of x and y
iii. The ratio of the coefficient of variability of x to that of y [8+8]

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Code No: RR311801 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Two aero planes bomb a target in succession. The probability of each correctly
scoring a hit is 0.3 and 0.2 respectively. The second will bomb only if the first
misses the target. Find the probability that
i. one target is hit
ii. both fails to score hits
(b) There are three boxes. Box I contains 10 light bulbs of which 4 are defective.
Box II contains 6 light bulbs of which one is defective. Box III contains 8 light
bulbs of which 3 are defective. A box is chosen and a bulb is drawn. Find the
probability that the bulb is non defective. [8+8]

F (x) = 0 if x ≤ 1
2. (a) If F(x) is the distribution function of X given by = k(x − D)4 if 1 < x ≤ 3
=1 if x>3
determine
i. f(x)
ii. k
(b) Find the maximum n such that the probability of getting no head in tossing
a coin n times is greater than .1 [8+8]

3. (a) Show that the mean and variance of a Poisson distribution are equal.
(b) Determine the minimum mark a student should get in order to receive an A
grade if the top 10% of the students are awarded A grades in an examination
where the mean mark is 72 and standard deviation is 9. [8+8]

4. (a) If the distribution of all weights of all men traveling by train from Hyderabad
to Delhi has a mean of 70 kgs and a standard deviation of 4 kgs, what is the
probability that the combined gross weight of 36 such men is more than 300
kgs.
(b) It has been suggested that an average college teacher in Andhra Pradesh
spends less than 10 hours in a week on his own academic schedule. The
figures for the time spent during a week are given below for 12 teachers:

7.1 13.1 7.8 3.6 8.4 4.9

9.6 3.4 0.1 7.2 20.3 11.1

Is the claim justified with the level of significance of 0.05? [8+8]

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Code No: RR311801 Set No. 4
5. (a) A sample of 400 items is taken from a population whose standard deviation
is 10. The mean of the sample is 40. Test whether the sample has come from
a population with mean 38. Also calculate 95% confidence interval for the
proportion.
(b) A social worker believes that fewer than 25% of the couples in a certain area
are ever used any form of birth control. A random sample of 120 couples was
contacted. Twenty of them said that they have used. Test the belief if social
worker at 0.05 level. [8+8]

6. The following is the distribution of the daily number power failures reported in a
western city on 300 days:
Number of Power Power Failures 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers of Days 9 43 64 62 42 36 22 14 6 2
Test the goodness of fit of poisson distribution at 0.05 level. [16]

7. (a) Fit a straight line y = a + bx for the following data

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 14 33 40 63 76 85

(b) Fit a curve of the y = axb for the following data [8+8]

x 1 2 3 4 5
y .5 .2 4.5 8 12.5

8. (a) Find the coefficient of correlation between x and y for the following data

X 10 12 18 24 23 27
Y 134 18 12 25 30 10

σ2 −σ 2 −σ 2
(b) Show r = x+y2σx σx y y Where r = coefficient of correlation between x and y
σx2 , σy2 , σx+y
2
are the variances of x, y and x+y respectively. [8+8]

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