4th Biomass-Asia Workshop in Malaysia, on Nov.

20-22, 2007

Biomass-Asia Project-Second Stage: Research and Technological Development for Sustainable Biomass Utilization in Asian Countries
Kinya Sakanishi Biomass Technology Research Center (BTRC), AIST, Hiroshima 737-0197, Japan
Green Biomass

for Blue Earth

Challenges in the 21st century

1) Energy 2) Environment 3) Food Collaborations (Agriculture & Engineering etc.) in Asian Countries

Trilemma !

keyword:

Biomass

Potential of Biomass Energy in the World

Asian region has abundant biomass resources. (87EJ corresponds to 2.3 billion kl-petroleum) 17 38 30 41 41 87 0 Plantation 20 40 Animal waste 60 80 Agricultural waste 100 Forest

Unit: EJ 1EJ=2.6107kl-petroleum

Oceania Africa South America North America Europe Asia

Ref. Study on energy conversion technology for Biomass (RITE19982000)

Potential Collaboration Projects

Biomass Target Technology Products

Sewage Sludge Food Waste Agricultural Waste (rice husk, baggasse)

Hydrothermal Pretreatment

Methane Fermentation

Methane Hydrogen

BTL

DME or hydrocarbon BDF

Energy Crops (cassava, sugar cane, oil palm) Forestry Products

BDF (glycerin)

Plant Growth Regulation

Fermentation Non-acid Pretreatment

Bioplastics Bioethanol

Biomass LCA

Technical and Post Doctoral Training (JICA program etc.)

Standardization

BioEthanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Ethanol derived from biomass is one of the most promising options to reduce fossil fuel use and alleviate the global warming.

Reduction Reduction of of petroleum petroleum consumption consumption Reduction emission. Reduction of of CO CO22 emission.

Future Needs for Alternative Transportation Fuel

2000-2010 Fuel technologies for urban environment
*PM,NOx reduction *Advanced end-of-pipe technologies

2010-2020 Fuel technologies for miniminimizing fuel consumption

*CO2 reduction *New engine system/new fuel

2020-

Petroleum
Energy security

S-free gasoline S-free diesel

S-freelow-aromalowolefins and high octane gasoline S-freelow-aroma diesel S-free, Aroma-free

Designed fuel

Natural Gas Biomass Heavy Oils Coal Syngas CO/H2

GTL / BTL DME Methanol

FT Synthesis, etc.

H2
H2 for Fuel Cell

Two Opposite Directions of Biomass Utilization

Bio-fuel Cell !

As large as possible

High efficiency and convenience

Local Energy Supply Industrial Utilization High economical viability As small as possible Stable law material supply, High demand in product

Biomass-Asia Strategy- for Sustainable Growth

ASIA
resources, technology and cost efficiency

JAPAN
IP and technology

win/win collaboration in R&D

1. Produce new energies (transportation fuels: Bioethanol, BDF etc. 1. Reduce CO2 by using biomass 2. Produce biomaterials

Manufacturing bases in Asia Biomass industry Create new industries and new markets

Past and Present Status of Asia Biomass Strategy

WS (ASEAN Biomass)
2005.1

Forum (MAFF support)

1st Biomass-Asia Workshop

2005.12

2nd Biomass-Asia Workshop

2006.1 2006.11

Biomass Asia Forum Asian Biomass Association Prep. Committee Proposal

3rd Biomass-Asia Workshop

2007.11 4th Biomass-Asia WS & Organizing Asian Biomass Association

Biomass-Asia Research Consortium

Japan JapanInternational InternationalResearch ResearchCenter Centerfor forAgricultural AgriculturalSciences Sciences(JIRCAS) (JIRCAS) National NationalAgriculture Agricultureand andFood FoodResearch ResearchOrganization Organization (NARO) (NARO) Forestry Forestryand andForest ForestProducts ProductsResearch ResearchInstitute Institute(FFPRI) (FFPRI) The TheUniversity Universityof ofTokyo Tokyo Hiroshima HiroshimaUniversity University National NationalInstitute Instituteof ofAdvanced AdvancedIndustrial IndustrialScience Scienceand andTechnology Technology(AIST) (AIST)

Partnership with Industry and Academia Research consortium in Asia Collaboration programs with Asian countries

Asia Biomass Energy Research Core(2007.4-)& Biomass Asia Project TeamBAPT;2005.12-) of AIST Asia Biomass Energy Research Core
Biomass Technology Research Center Research Center for New Fuel Vehicle Technology International Affairs Dept.&Headquarters etc. Research Center for Life Cycle Assessment Energy Technology Research Institute Research Center for Compact Chemical Process Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology Research Institute for Genome-based Biofactory

Research Institute for Innovation in Sustainable Chemistry

(Biomass-related Research Units)

BAPT

Institute for Biological Resources and Functions

JST, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science & Technology,(MEXT)

Biomass-Asia Project-2nd Stage: Research and Technological Development for Sustainable Biomass Utilization in Asian Countries
Members; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) The University of Tokyo Hiroshima University Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) Vietnamese Academy of Science and TechnologyVAST) The Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)

Progress and Proposal

JST Program (supported by MEXT)
FY 2004-2006

Research Project for ASEAN Biomass R&D Strategy

<Biomass-Asia Workshop and Networking Asian Biomass Countries>

FY 2007-2009(2nd stage)

Research and Technological Development for Sustainable Biomass Utilization in Asian Countries
<Feasibility Study and Business Models for Sustainable Biomass Utilization>

Political and Social Needs

Political Need; Biomass Nippon Strategy2002 & 2005 renewed EPAJapan-Malaysia(2006), Japan-Thailand(2007) Japan-China-Korea Science & Technology Collaboration Ministry Meeting(2007) East Asia(ASEAN+E3) SummitCebu Island Declaration(2007) Social Need and Impact; Mitigation of Global Warming Substitution of Fossil Fuels Activation of Agriculture Suppression of Desertification Demonstration of Sustainable Development Scenario

Purpose of the Present Proposal

Best Practice Scenario and System for Sustainable Biomass Utilization Models in Asian Countries
China Win-Win relationship
Total Promotion of Biomass Asia Strategy Extensive Win-Win Collaboration in Asia International R&D Joint Projects on Biomass, Especially agriculture and engineering fields

Japan

Technology, IP, Human resources

ASEAN
Resources, Economical development, Technology transfer

Energy, Materials, CO2 reductionCDM Sustainable Development

Proposal Content (draft)

Resources
1. Hybrid Agricultural Refinery

Technology
1. Sustainable Biomass-Refinery
(1) Bio-Fuels 1-1. Bio-ethanol 1-2. Bio-diesel fuel(BDF) (2) Bio-chemicals

Model (ex. China)

Corn, Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane,
Cassava etc.

2. ASEAN Continental Model; Rice & Sugar Energy Complex Model

(ex. Thailand, Viet Nam etc.)

2. Evaluation & Design of Biomass Utilization System

(1) Life cycle assessment(LCA) (2) Demonstration plant projects (3) Design of optimized local models 3. Research and Development for Sustainable Biomass Production

3. ASEAN Islands Model; Palm Oil Energy Complex

ex. Malaysia, Indonesia etc.)

Proposal of Efficient Recovery and Utilization Model of Agricultural Wastes

Role Sharing among Biomass-Asia Research Consotium

1. Sustainable Biomass-Refinery (1) Biofuels; 1-1. Bio-ethanol 1-2. BDF (2) Bio-chemicals 2. 2. Evaluation & Design of Biomass Utilization System (1) Life cycle assessment(LCA) (2) Demonstration plant projects (3) Design of optimized local models 3. Research and Development for Sustainable Biomass Production AIST JIRCAS FFPRI NARO UT Hiroshima Univ. CAS NSTDA SIRIM VAST BPPT

Sustainable Biomass Utilization Scenario in Asia

1) Palm Oil and Energy Complex ; - Combined production of BDF and other bio-fuels for sustainable availability and environmental protection 2) Sugar and Rice Energy Complex; - Large-scale bio-ethanol production from agricultural wastes for simultaneous supply of food and bio-fuels 3) Wood Refinery Complex; - Total multi-production system of timber, paper pulp, ethanol, and chemicals for new business model

Proposal on R&D Topics ~Palm Oil Complex~

Utilization of EFB, trunk & residue; Gasification and C1 chemistry (bio-refinery) Bio-ethanol (sugar platform) BDF related technologies and glycerol utilization; Exportable to Japan (improving fluidity) and standard Direct hydro-cracking Polymer materials from glycerol Hydrogen and Ethanol Production from glycerol Utilization of POME: No R&D topic. Commercial level.; Others; High yield palm species (Genetic engineering) Machine for palm plantation (robot) Sustainability analysis (LCA, monitoring)

Ethanol Production from Palm Wastes

Oil Oil Palm Palm
Trunk Trunk waste waste Fresh FreshFruit FruitBunch Bunch
Empty EmptyFruit FruitBunch Bunch
Pretreatment Pretreatment

Lignocellulosic Biomass Biomass Lignocellulosic

Saccharification Saccharification

Fermentation Fermentation

Fruit Fruit
Fiber, Fiber, Shell Shell

Purification Purification

Crude CrudePalm PalmOil Oil Palm PalmKernel Kernel

ETHANOL ETHANOL

New Materials from Oil Palm Biomass Oil Palm

Palm Oil Palm oil industry

Bio-waste BDF
trunk EFB shell lignocellulosic materials Ethanol production

Crude glycerol

lignin etc.

Development of polymer materials

ISO 14855-2 (Aerobic biodegradation test)

participated International Round-robin test (RRT) proposed by AIST participated RRT on research work in order to propose as ISO in future

Standardization for Biodegradable plastics in AIST

ISO/AWI 10210 (Preparation method of test materials for biodegradation tests)

ISO 15985 (Anaerobic biodegradation tests)

ASTM D6866 (Measuring method of biomass carbon ratio)

Fruitful Collaborations Using Biomass

Technology Transfer Investment CDM

CO2 Reduction Local Energy Supply Forest Restoration

Carbon Credit Bio-Fuels Bio-Chemicals

Biomass Networking for Sustainable Partnership&Collaborations in Asia

1) Organizing Working Group of Biomass Asia Network - Asian Biomass Association for Next Step 2) Future Workshop Arrangement/Management; - Host Country Initiative and Secretariat Function 3) Establishment of Personnel Exchanging Programs ; - Promotion of Multi-disciplinary Technical and Postdoctoral Training and Education 4) Establishment of On-site Biomass Research Center; - Biomass Resources Bank and R&D Core in Asia

Green Biomass for Cool Earth

Thank you for your kind attention!