Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli
village

Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Location in Karnataka, India Coordinates: 12.863N 76.671E Country State District Languages Official Time zone PIN Telephone code Vehicle registration Kannada IST (UTC+5:30) 571 416 08158 KA-11 [1]

Coordinates: 12.863N 76.671E [1]

India Karnataka Mandya

Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Panchakuta Basadi (or Panchakoota Basadi) is located in the Kambadahalli village of the Mandya district, Karnataka state, in southwestern India. It is one of the finest examples of South Indian Dravidian architecture of the Western Ganga variety, related to the Jain faith and iconography.[2][3] According to the historian K.R. Srinivasan, the temple complex, which was built by the kings of the Western Ganga Dynasty is assignable to the period 900-1000 CE. The historian Sarma however assigns an earlier date of 8th century, based on traces of early Pallava-Pandya and Chalukya-Pallava influences.[4] Kambadahalli (whose name in the Kannada language literally translates to "village with pillar") which is located 18km from the famous Jain heritage town of Shravanabelagola, on the Mandya-Shravanabelagola highway, gets its name from the Brahmadeva pillar (Manasthambha) erected in front of the temple complex. From inscriptions, it is known that the temple complex has been renovated during later centuries, including the during the rule of the Hoysala Empire. The monument is protected by the Archeological Survey of India as a "national monument". Srinivasan describes it as a "landmark in South India architecture".

A open mantapa (hall), Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli, Mandya District

Temple plan and iconography

A open mantapa, Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli, Mandya District

The temple was built in two phases. In the first phase, three shrines were constructed (trikutachala, three shrines each with a superstructure). The central shrine faces north, one shrine faces west and the other face east. The central shrine has a square superstructure (Sikhara) called Brahmachhanda girva-sikhara. The west and east facing shrines have superstructures called the Rudrachhanda griva-sikhara and Vishnuchhanda griva-sikhara respectively. The design of the superstructures speaks of the artistic taste of the builders. They are three dimensional, with the first tier (tala) measuring a third of the total height of the tower, and the second tier measuring one half the height of the first. Each of the three shrines have individual A closed mantapa with ornate Ganga style pillars vestibules (or half hall or ardhamantapa) which open to a large at Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli, Mandya District common open hall called the mahamantapa or navaranga, whose ceiling is supported by four ornate central pillars. At the entrance to the shrines (bilpitha) are the guardians to the "eight directions"(ashtadikpalaka; ashta - "eight", dik - "directions", palaka - "keeper") with their consorts and vehicles (vahana) The entire complex is oriented towards the impressive Brahmadeva pillar and faces north. The main central shrine houses the image of Adhinatha, an early Jain tirthankara (Jain saint). The west (right) and east (left) facing shrines have the images of later day tirthankaras, Shantinatha and Neminatha respectively. The images appear to be of well-polished steatite material and could be later day replacements. According to Robert J Del Bonto who conducted research at the site, the two shrines that form the later day additions are a twin construction, are lateral (face each other), have individual vestibule and a closed mantapa (hall) and open into a common open pillared porch (open mantapa). The art critic M.H. Dhaky calls them as "Shantinatha Basadi" and regards them a good example of the "terminal" stage in Western Ganga art.[5] The temple exhibits fine sculptures of Jain Yakshas (male benevolent

Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli spirits) and Yakshis (their female counterparts) of the Western Ganga and Hoysala periods. According to the art critic and historian S. Settar, generally, Brahmadeva pillars found in front of ancient Jain temples do not house sculptures of the Brahma Yaksha or the god Brahma, rather they find their origins in the Manasthambha (sthambha lit, "pillar") and have images of the Sarvanubhuti Yaksha. The base of this pillar is square and exhibits looped garland decorations, and at the top supports a two handed seated image of east facing Siddhayika.[6][] The overall composition of the temple, according to Sarma, is one of "clarity in structure and function" without any emphasis on over decoration.

Mantapa (hall), Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

A typical Dravidian style shrine at Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Excavated Jain sculptures from the 9th-10th century at Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Bas-relief depicting horse men at Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Bas-relief depicting lions at Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Ceiling sculpture, Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Ceiling sculpture,Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Ceiling sculpture, Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Ceiling sculpture, Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Ceiling sculpture, Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Ceiling sculpture, Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Notes
[1] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Panchakuta_Basadi%2C_Kambadahalli& params=12. 863_N_76. 671_E_type:city_region:IN-KA [2] Sarma (1992), p. 152 [3] Archaeological Survey of India, Bangalore circle, Mandya district [4] Sarma (1992), p. 161 [5] Sarma (1992), p. 166 [6] Settar in Shah (1987), p. 19

References
Sarma, I.K. (1992) [1992]. Temples of the Gangas of Karnataka. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. ISBN0-19-560686-8. Shah, Umakant P (1987) [1987]. Jaina-Rupa-Mandana (Jaina Iconography), Volume 1. new Delhi: Abhinav. ISBN81-7017-218-7. Khajane, Muralidhara. "A ancient site connected to Jainsim" (http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/03/stories/ 2006020313510400.htm). The Hindu, Karnataka edition. Retrieved 2012-12-26. Archaeological Survey. "Panchakuta Basadi" (http://asibengalurucircle.org/mandya-5.html). ASI Bangalore circle. Archaeological Survey of India. Retrieved 2012-12-26. "Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka -Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka" (http://asi.nic.in/ asi_monu_alphalist_karnataka_bangalore.asp). Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India. Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts. Retrieved 15 July 2012.

Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors

Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=586950455 Contributors: Aayush18, Amarrg, Artman779, BigrTex, Denisarona, Dgw, Dineshkannambadi, Fratrep, Gene Nygaard, Hmains, LilHelpa, Malcolma, Mattisse, Pied Hornbill, Roland zh, Shyamsunder, Tony Fox, Walkiped, Woodthought, 5 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

File:Panchakuta Basadi (10th century AD) at Kambadahalli.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Panchakuta_Basadi_(10th_century_AD)_at_Kambadahalli.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Dineshkannambadi file:India Karnataka location map.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:India_Karnataka_location_map.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Karnataka_locator_map.svg: by User:PlaneMad derivative work: User:Nayvik File:Flag of India.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_India.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie, Mifter File:A mantapa (hall) in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:A_mantapa_(hall)_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Dineshkannambadi File:A mantapa (hall) in Panchakuta Basadi with Jain sculptures at Kambadahalli.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:A_mantapa_(hall)_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_with_Jain_sculptures_at_Kambadahalli.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Dineshkannambadi File:Ornate pillars in a mantapa of the Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ornate_pillars_in_a_mantapa_of_the_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Dineshkannambadi Image:Mantapa (hall) in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Mantapa_(hall)_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Magog the Ogre, Roland zh File:A typical Dravidian shrine in the Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:A_typical_Dravidian_shrine_in_the_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Dineshkannambadi File:Excavated Jaina sculptures in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Excavated_Jaina_sculptures_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Dineshkannambadi File:Moulding reliefs depicting horse men in the Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Moulding_reliefs_depicting_horse_men_in_the_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Dineshkannambadi File:Moulding reliefs depicting lions in the Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Moulding_reliefs_depicting_lions_in_the_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Dineshkannambadi Image:Ceiling sculpture in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ceiling_sculpture_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Dineshkannambadi (talk) 00:27, 20 May 2008 (UTC) Original uploader was Dineshkannambadi at en.wikipedia Image:Ceiling sculpture1 in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ceiling_sculpture1_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Magog the Ogre, Roland zh Image:Ceiling sculpture5 in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ceiling_sculpture5_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Magog the Ogre, Roland zh Image:Ceiling sculpture4 in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ceiling_sculpture4_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Funfood, Magog the Ogre, Roland zh Image:Ceiling sculpture2 in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ceiling_sculpture2_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Funfood, Magog the Ogre, Roland zh, Sreejithk2000 AWB Image:Ceiling sculpture3 in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ceiling_sculpture3_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Funfood, Magog the Ogre, Roland zh

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