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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
The diagram below shows one way of transmitting information from a transmitter to a receiver
that is not directly in its line of sight.
ionosphere
receiver
transmitter
(a)
State the property of waves that enables the signals to be transmitted back to Earth by the
ionosphere.
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(1)
(b)
(i)
Describe briefly one other method of transmitting signals to a receiver that is not in
the line of sight of a transmitter.
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(2)
(ii)
State one advantage or disadvantage of the method you have described when
compared with that in the diagram above.
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(1)
(Total 4 marks)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
voltage / V
0.6
0
(a)
(i)
time
Explain what aspect of Figure 1 indicates that the signal is digital.
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(1)
(ii)
State and explain two advantages of digital data transmission compared with
analogue data transmission.
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(4)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(b)
Figure 2 shows the output signal at the end of the long copper cable.
Figure 2
voltage / V
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
time
(i)
State and explain two reasons why the output signal differs from the input signal.
Two of the 6 marks in this question are available for the quality of your written
communication.
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(6)
(ii)
(iii)
Despite the differences between the input and output signals there may be no error
in reading the output signal provided the sensitivity of the coding is appropriate.
Choose appropriate voltage ranges to represent 0 and 1 in order to allow the output
signal to be correctly read.
range of voltage to represent 0.........................................................................
range of voltage to represent 1........................................................................
(2)
(Total 14 Marks)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(a)
State:
(i)
(ii)
the base bandwidth required for the transmission of music with the frequency range
you have quoted in part (a)(i);
.....................................................................................................................
(iii)
the minimum sampling rate required for the digital transmission of a signal with a
base bandwidth of 6 kHz.
.....................................................................................................................
(3)
(b)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(c)
The diagram below shows three radio stations A, B and C at three points on the Earths
surface.
limit of atmosphere
Earth
Station A transmits radio signals to B and C. Describe the various paths that can be taken
by the radio waves in order to travel between stations. For each path, state whether it is
suitable for long or short wavelengths, or for any wavelengths. You can sketch paths
onto the diagram above if you wish in order to illustrate your answer.
Two of the 7 marks in this question are for the quality of your written communication.
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(7)
(Total 12 marks)
4
A satellite orbiting the Earth receives electromagnetic signals and then re-transmits them back
to Earth at a frequency of 2.3 GHz.
(a)
Wavelength ...............................
(2)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(b)
State the region of the electromagnetic spectrum to which these waves belong.
...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
The satellites signal is radiated by an antenna that resembles the satellite dishes used to
receive television signals on Earth. The antenna dish is 0.60 m in diameter. Show that
the angle at which the signal intensity falls to a minimum is about 12.
(3)
(d)
The satellite is positioned 35 000 km from the Earth. The power received by the dish
antenna on the Earth is 16 nW.
Calculate the power that would be received at the dish if the satellite were to be repositioned at a distance of 17 500 km from Earth. Give your reasoning.
The orbit of the satellite is not perfectly circular. At one moment it has a velocity
component of 2.5 m s-1 towards the receiving antenna. Calculate the frequency shift that
will be detected in the receiver on Earth.
State whether the received frequency will be higher or lower than the transmitted
frequency.
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(1)
(Total 11 marks)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
The diagram below shows the components of the transmitting stage of a simple audiocommunication system prior to the signal being transmitted. The signal path is from left to
right.
input
transducer
(a)
(i)
D
transmitter
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
The diagram below shows four radio stations A, B, C and D that are producing analogue signals
with frequencies up to a maximum of 20 kHz. After sampling, the signals are being transmitted
as digital signals down a single optical fibre.
A
B
time
sharer
optical fibre
decoder
C
D
receivers
transmitters
(a)
Calculate the minimum frequency at which the signal from each station must be sampled
for high quality transmission of data from the transmitters.
(1)
(b)
Explain why the use of a sampling frequency that is lower than the minimum sampling
frequency could reduce the quality of the data received.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
A single optical fibre can transmit 1.5 108 bits per second. Calculate the number of
radio stations transmitting signals up to 20 kHz that could be transmitted using the single
fibre. Each time a signal is sampled 8 bits have to be sent down the fibre.
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(d)
Explain how the digital signals from stations A, B, C and D are simultaneously
transmitted down the optical fibre and why an optical fibre is preferred to a coaxial cable
made from copper wire. You may draw a diagram to support your explanation if you
wish.
Two of the 6 marks for this question are available for the quality of your written
communication.
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(6)
(Total 10 marks)
By the end of this year it is expected that 85% of the population of the United Kingdom will be
able to receive Digital Audio Broadcasts (DAB).
(a)
The base bandwidth of these broadcasts depends on the frequency response of the human
ear.
(i)
(ii)
State the highest frequency that has to be transmitted for high-fidelity broadcasting
of an orchestral concert.
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
10
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(b)
Before it can be broadcast in digital form the output from a microphone has to be
sampled.
(i)
Explain the term sampling and sketch a graph to show the conversion of the
microphone output voltage into digital form.
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(2)
(ii)
What would be the minimum sampling frequency for the broadcast referred to in
part (a)(ii)?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
(a)
(b)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(c)
Explain why polarisation can be used to distinguish between transverse and longitudinal
waves.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
(a)
A musical note has a frequency of 512 Hz. Calculate the wavelength of the note.
the speed of sound = 330 m s1
Wavelength = .......................................
(2)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Angle = .......................................
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
12
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
10
Short pulses of sound are reflected from the wall of a building 18 m away from the sound
source. The reflected pulses return to the source after 0.11 s.
(a)
The sound source now emits a continuous tone at a constant frequency. An observer,
walking at a constant speed from the source to the wall, hears a regular rise and fall in the
intensity of the sound. Explain how the minima of intensity occur.
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(3)
(Total 6 marks)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
11
(a)
Figure 1 shows how the displacement s of the particles in a medium carrying a pulse of
ultrasound varies with distance d along the medium at one instant.
Figure 1
s/105 m
2
1
0
10
11
12
d/104 m
1
2
(i)
(ii)
The speed of the wave is 1200 m s-1. Calculate the frequency of oscillation of the
particles of the medium when the ultrasound wave is travelling through it.
14
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(b)
An ultrasound transmitter is placed directly on the skin of a patient. Figure 2 shows the
amplitudes of the transmitted pulse and the pulse received after reflection by an organ in
the body.
Figure 2
amplitude
transmitted pulse
reflected pulse
95 s
(i)
time
Give two possible reasons why the amplitude of the received pulse is lower than
that which is transmitted.
Reason 1 ...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
Reason 2 ..........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
The speed of ultrasound in body tissue is 1200 m s-1. Calculate the depth of the
reflecting surface below the skin.
(i)
1
2l
(ii)
Draw a sketch of the apparatus you would use to test the relationship between f and
.
(2)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(iii)
(2)
(iv)
Describe how you would obtain data using the apparatus you have sketched, and
how you would use this data to test the relationship.
You can gain up to 2 marks in this question for good written communication.
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(7)
(b)
Figure 1 shows a guitar. The length of the string PQ free to vibrate is 0.70 m. The string
is tuned so that when its full length is plucked it vibrates at a frequency of
384 Hz, corresponding to G on the musical scale.
Figure 1
fret
(ridge)
(i)
(ii)
16
0.70 m
neck
sound box
Show in the space below how the string vibrates when emitting its fundamental
frequency.
P
Q
(1)
Show in the space below how this string would vibrate when emitting a frequency
three times its fundamental frequency.
P
Q
(1)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(iii)
To play a higher note, the string is pressed so that the length free to vibrate is
shorter. A fret (ridge) on the neck of the guitar ensures that the correct length is
produced when the string is pressed as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2
fret
(ridge)
neck
sound box
The second ridge from P has to be positioned so that when this ridge is used the
frequency of vibration is 427 Hz, corresponding to A on the musical scale.
Calculate the distance of the second ridge on the guitar from the point Q.
(2)
(Total 16 marks)
13
(a)
The diagram shows a doorway with sound waves of wavelength 0.37 m incident upon it.
The doorway is 0.80 m wide. An observer walks past the doorway along the line XY.
not to scale
sound waves
(i) At the point P, the observer notices a minimum in the volume of the sound.
Calculate the angle .
(2)
(ii)
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The sound is changed for one of lower frequency but of the same amplitude. State
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
and explain how this will affect the variation of the loudness of the sound as heard
by the observer walking along the line XY.
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(3)
(b)
Monochromatic light is incident normally on a diffraction grating which has 3.0 105
lines per metre. A second order maximum is observed at an angle of 18 from the
normal. Calculate the wavelength of the light.
(3)
(Total 8 marks)
14
The drawing below shows a standing wave set up on a wire of length 0.87 m. The wire is
vibrated at a frequency of 120 Hz.
0.87 m
(a)
(3)
(b)
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
18
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
15
The range of frequencies in the note emitted when a guitar string is plucked is shown in the
sound frequency spectrum in the diagram below.
3
amplitude/mm
2
0
0
0.15
0.30
0.45
0.60
0.75
0.90
1.05
1.20
1.35 1.50
frequency/kHz
The lengths of the vertical lines represent the relative amplitudes of the frequencies present.
The frequency with the highest amplitude is the fundamental frequency of the string.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
Show, on the axes below, how the displacement of the centre of the string would
vary with time if the string were emitting only the fundamental frequency. Give
appropriate scales for the axes.
displacement
0
time
(2)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(b)
Draw below the mode of vibration of the string if it were emitting only the third harmonic
(second overtone) with the amplitude shown in the frequency spectrum.
Use a suitable scale that shows the magnitude of the amplitude clearly.
string
fixed end
fixed end
(2)
(c)
The length of the string affects the frequency of the emitted note. State two other factors
that determine the frequency of the emitted note and, in each case, explain its effect.
Factor 1 .....................................................................................................................
Effect .........................................................................................................................
Factor 2 .....................................................................................................................
Effect .........................................................................................................................
(2)
(d)
State one effect of transmitting this note using a base bandwidth of 100 Hz to 1000 Hz.
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(1)
(Total 8 marks)
16
A white-light source illuminates a diffraction grating that has 6.30 105 lines per metre. The
light is incident normally on the grating.
(a)
Show that adjacent lines in the grating are separated by a distance of about 0.0016 mm.
(1)
20
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(b)
Table 1 shows the diffracting angles measured from the normal for the visible spectral
orders using this grating. The angles are given for the red and blue ends of each
spectrum.
Table 1
red
blue
(i)
First order
25.4
15.0
Second order
59.0
31.1
Third order
not possible
50.0
Use the value for the first order diffracting angle to calculate the wavelength of the
red light.
Describe carefully the appearance of the complete diffraction pattern on the screen.
You may draw a sketch of the pattern to help your explanation if you choose.
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(4)
(Total 8 marks)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
17
Figure 5 shows the Afristar satellite. Afristar orbits the Earth and is used to broadcast high
quality digital signals to parts of Africa. The area over which signals can be received is called
the .footprint. of the satellite.
Figure 5
(a)
(i)
The satellite broadcasts at a frequency of 1.5 GHz. Calculate the wavelength of the
transmitted signal.
speed of electromagnetic radiation, c = 3.0 108 ms-1
Signal wavelength................................................
(2)
(ii)
The satellite is 36 000 km above the Earths surface. The footprint of the satellite
has an area of radius 3500 km. Calculate the angle, , indicated on Figure 5 over
which signals can be detected.
Angle ..................................................................
(2)
(iii)
Use your answers to part (i) and part (ii) to calculate the maximum diameter of the
transmitting dish that is required on the satellite. Assume that the edge of the
footprint corresponds to the diffraction minimum.
22
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(iv)
The radio signals are transmitted to the satellite from a ground station that also has
a satellite dish. The station is 36 000 km from the satellite. Explain why this dish
has a larger diameter than the dish on the satellite.
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(1)
(b)
The satellite uses time division multiplexing to transmit its multi-channel digital audio
services. Explain what is meant by time division multiplexing and go on to suggest why
the satellite uses this technique.
Two of the 7 marks in this question are available for the quality of your written
communication.
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(7)
(Total 14 marks)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
18
(a)
(b)
The diagram shows a stationary wave on a stretched guitar string of length 0.62 m.
0.62 m
Not to scale
The speed of transverse waves along the string is 320 m s-1. Calculate the frequency of
the note being played.
Frequency.
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
19
Light from a characteristic part of the hydrogen spectrum, and coming from a stationary source,
has a wavelength of 6.56255 10-7 m. Light from the same part of the hydrogen spectrum, and
coming from a distant star, has a wavelength of 6.56285 10-7 m.
(a)
(i)
Calculate the difference in frequencies of the light from the two sources.
speed of electromagnetic radiation, c = 3.00 108 m s-1
(3)
(ii)
(2)
24
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(b)
Describe how the light from the star could be collected and analysed in order to find its
wavelength. You need not describe the apparatus used but you should specify the
measurements to be made and how the wavelength is calculated. You can gain up to 2
marks in this question for good written communication.
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(6)
(c)
Describe the importance of Hubbles Law in understanding the likely future of the
universe.
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(2)
(Total 13 marks)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
20
The drawing below shows some of the principal lines in the visible emission line spectrum of
helium.
389
(a)
447
502
588
668
/ nm
(b)
Light emitted by a sample of excited helium atoms is passed through a slit and analysed
using a diffraction grating with 1.00 106 lines m-1. Calculate the angle between the first
order images of the 447 nm and 588 nm lines.
(c)
(i)
Calculate the frequency of the 588 nm line. The speed of light is 3.00 108 m s-1.
(4)
(1)
(ii)
Write down the colour and the order of magnitude of the photon energy of the
588 nm radiation.
colour....................... .order of magnitude of the photon energy ................. J
(2)
26
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(d)
In observing the helium emission spectrum of a star, the "588 nm" line is measured to be
589 nm. The star is at a distance of 11 Mpc from Earth. (The Mpc is a unit of distance
used in astronomy). The speed of light is 3.00 108 m s-1.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Calculate the speed with which the star is moving (as measured from Earth).
(iv)
Using the value calculated in (iii) calculate a value for the Hubble constant in
m s-1 Mpc-1.
(2)
(2)
(Total 19 Marks)
21
(a)
Light arriving at the Earth from a distant galaxy is observed to be red shifted.
(i)
Explain, in terms of spectral lines, what the term red shift means.
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(1)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(ii)
Explain how the red shift is consistent with the movement of distant astronomical
objects away from us.
Two of the 6 marks in this question are for the quality of your written
communication.
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(6)
(b)
The wavelength of a given line in the spectrum is 5.40 10-7 m when measured using a
light source in a laboratory on Earth. When the light from the distant galaxy is used for
the measurement, the wavelength is found to be 5.61 10-7 m.
(i)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(ii)
One spectral line emitted by a helium-filled discharge tube has a wavelength of 590 nm when
measured using a source in a laboratory on Earth. The same spectral line measured using light
from a distant galaxy has a wavelength 650 nm.
the speed of electromagnetic radiation in free space = 3.0 108 m s1
(a)
(i)
State the name of the effect that gives rise to this change in wavelength.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
(b)
f
=
)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(c)
The spectral lines are analysed using a diffraction grating with 4.5 105 lines per m.
(i)
Calculate the angle at which the spectral line of wavelength 590 nm produces a
maximum in the second order spectrum.
Angle ......................................................................
(3)
(ii)
Explain how the diffraction grating produces the bright spectral lines for a
particular wavelength.
You may wish to draw a diagram to help you explain.
Two of the 7 marks for this question are available for the quality of your written
communication.
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(7)
(Total 14 marks)
30
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
23
(a)
(i)
State the difference between the appearance of a continuous emission spectrum and
that of a line emission spectrum.
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(1)
(ii)
(b)
The spectrum of the Sun consists of a continuous spectrum crossed by dark lines. State
the name for this type of spectrum and explain how the dark lines arise.
Spectrum name ..........................................................................................................
Explanation ...............................................................................................................
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(3)
(Total 5 marks)
24
Show that this galaxy is likely to be moving at a speed of about 1 107 m s1 relative to
the Earth.
Hubble constant, H = 65 kms1Mpc1
1 parsec (pc)
= 3.1 1016 m
(3)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(b)
The galaxy emits light of wavelength 580.0 nm as it moves away from the Earth. This
light is observed on the Earth.
(i)
Calculate the change in wavelength of this light due to the movement of the galaxy.
[Hint: / = f/f ]
Speed of light in a vacuum, c = 3.0 108 ms-1
Calculate the wavelength of the light from the galaxy when observed on the Earth.
Fill in the blanks in the following table which shows some of the characteristics of several types
of electromagnetic radiation.
Radiation
type
Typical wavelength
in air/ m
Radio waves
1.5 103
5.0 10-4
Visible light
5.0 1013
Radiation
source
High frequency
alternating current
Hot bodies
Excited atoms
(Total 3 marks)
32
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
26
It is believed that the Universe is expanding with the galaxies receding from each other. The
diagram below shows some of the experimental data which support Hubbles Law. Each point
on the scatter diagram represents a galaxy: v is the recession speed of a galaxy and d is its
distance from Earth.
8
v/104 km s 1
6
0
0
(a)
400
800
d/Mpc
1200
Use the data on the graph above to show that the Hubble constant H is about 65 km s1 Mpc1.
(3)
(b)
A galaxy which can be seen in the constellation of Ursa Major has a recession speed of
17 000 km s1. Calculate its distance from Earth in Mpc.
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(c)
An estimate for the age of the Universe can be found by assuming that recession speeds
have been constant since the Big Bang. The age, T, of the Universe is given by the time
it has taken for a given galaxy, travelling at speed v, to recede a distance d from ours.
Hence
T=
d 1
=
v H
Use the above equation to estimate the age of the Universe in years.
1 light-year
1 pc
1 year
= 9.5 1015 m
= 3.3 light-years
= 3.2 107 s
34
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(d)
The recession speed of a galaxy can be measured by comparing its emission spectral lines
with those from an equivalent light source on Earth. Explain why this comparison
enables the recession speed to be calculated and describe how the measurements are used
to find the recession speed.
Two of the 6 marks in this question are for the quality of your written communication.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(6)
(Total 14 marks)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
27
(a)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
State and explain the change of quarks which occurs when this decay happens.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
28
A beam of particles irradiates a metal foil. The paths of four particles near the nucleus of a
metal atom are shown in the diagram. Which one of the paths must be incorrect?
A
B
C
nucleus
(1)
(Total 1 mark)
36
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
29
(a)
(b)
When a neutron decays, a down quark changes into an up quark as shown by the
following reaction.
d u + e + ve
(i)
Show, in terms of the conservation of charge, baryon number and lepton number,
that this transformation is permitted.
(3)
(ii)
30
Some classes of particles are fundamental; others are not. Circle the correct category for
each of these three classes.
leptons
fundamental/not fundamental
mesons
fundamental/not fundamental
baryons
fundamental/not fundamental
(1)
(b)
(c)
By referring to the charges on up and down quarks explain how the proton has a charge
of +1e.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
31
32
A physicist, who is attempting to analyse a nuclear event, suggests that a particle and a
proton collided and were annihilated with the creation of a neutron, a + particle, and a K
particle.
and K particles are mesons. The baryon and lepton numbers of both these mesons are zero.
(a)
(b)
Show, in terms of the conservation of charge, baryon number and lepton number, that this
transformation is permitted.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 5 marks)
38
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
33
The diagram below shows a single atomic nucleus that is part of a thin foil. A, B and C are the
paths of three -particles directed at the foil as shown. All three paths are approaching close to
the nucleus.
(a)
Complete the diagram carefully showing the subsequent paths of the -particles.
nucleus
C
(3)
(b)
Suggest two pieces of scientific information that can be gained by bombarding matter
with particles in this way.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
34
The list of sub-atomic particles below contains particles that are either hadrons or leptons:
electron
(a)
muon
neutrino
neutron
pi-meson
proton
Complete the table below by adding the names of the particles to the correct box.
Hadrons
Leptons
(4)
(b)
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
35
(a)
(ii)
(iii)
(1)
(1)
(b)
40
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
36
analogue to digital
converter
microphone
(a)
transmitter
(ii)
Compare the bandwidth of the output of the microphone with the typical range of
human hearing. Comment on any differences in these values.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(3)
(b)
output
voltage
(i)
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
time/ms
Frequency = ........................................
(2)
klm
41
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(ii)
State the minimum sampling rate needed to allow effective transmission of this
signal.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
Explain how time division mutiplexing may be used to send many audio signals
simultaneously along a transmission medium. You may draw a labelled diagram
to help your explanation.
Two of the 6 marks in this question are available for the quality of your written
communication.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(6)
(Total 15 marks)
42
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
MARK SCHEMES
The following document has been produced to support the Teacher Resource Bank item
GCE Physics B: Physics in Context Harmony and Structure in the Universe / Directory of
Relevant Questions / Version 1.0.
Teachers and students should be aware that the treatment of Quality of Written Communication
(QWC) in the new AQA GCE Physics B: Physics in Context specification may differ from that used
in some of the questions in this document. Please refer to the latest version of the Specimen
Assessment Materials which accompany the new GCE Physics B: Physics in Context specification
for the treatment of QWC.
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43
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
Question 1
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
B1
B1
B1
1
2
B1
Total
Question 2
(a)
(b)
klm
(i)
B1
(ii)
M1
A1
M1
A1
M1
A1
noise/(e-m) interference
M1
A1
M1
A1
(i)
max 2
44
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(ii)
optical fibre
B1
(iii)
B1
B1
14
Question 3
(a)
(i)
B1
(ii)
B1
(iii)
B1
(c)
B1
B1
three marks max for three correct routes + 2 max for two
B1
B1
B1
station A B
line of sight
through earth
very long
cable
long
etc
station A C
diffraction
long
reflection
long
satellites
short
refraction
sporadic E/ducting
etc
short
max 5
klm
45
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
B2
B1
B0
Total
max 2
12
Question 4
recognises GHz as 109
B1
B1
(b)
B1
(c)
use of sin = / b
M1
C1
= 12.5
A1
B1
64 nW
A1
M1
= 19.2 Hz
A1
higher
B1
Total
11
(a)
(d)
(e)
(f)
klm
2
1
3
2
2
46
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
Question 5
(a)
(i)
microphone/telephone mouthpiece
B1
(ii)
B1
(iii)
B1
B1
B1
by signal to be transmitted
B1
B1
(b)
Total
Question 6
(a)
40 kHz
B1
(b)
B1
(c)
C1
A1
any 2
each signal is sampled in turn
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
any 2
fibre-cable energy losses are less
or transmit further without repeater/boosters/amplifiers
or less frequent repeaters/boosting
B1
B1
B1
B1
klm
max 2
47
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
0
Total
10
Question 7
(a)
(b)
(i)
15 to 20 000 Hz
allow min 10 ..50 Hz and max 15 ..25 kHz
B1
(ii)
B1
(i)
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
(ii)
(c)
48
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
Question 8
(a)
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
Total
Question 9
(a)
(b)
v = f or 330/512
C1
0.64(5) m
A1
(i)
B1
(ii)
sin = /b seen
C1
C1
52.7/52.8/52.2/53
A1
Total
2
1
Question 10
(a)
(b)
distance travelled = 2 18 m
C1
speed = 36/0.11
M1
A1
B1
B1
B1
Total
klm
49
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
Question 11
(a)
(i)
B1
(ii)
B1
v = f (condone c = f)
C1
3
(b)
(i)
allow e.c.f. for omitting 104 (300 Hz) but s.f. penalty
applies for e.g. 0.3 kHz)
A1
B1
B1
(ii)
max 2
B1
B1
C1
A1
Total
Question 12
(a)
(i)
B1
(ii)
B1
B1
length
B1
tension
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
(iii)
(iv)
klm
2
2
max 5
50
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(b)
max 2
(i)
one loop
B1
(ii)
three loops
B1
(iii)
C1
A1
Total
2
16
Question 13
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
sin = /b
C1
28
A1
B1
B1
B1
d sin = n
C1
5
C1
5.2 107 m
A1
Total
3
8
Question 14
(a)
(b)
C1
c = f or substituted values
C1
69.6 (70) m s1
A1
M1
A1
M1
so 120 = 3 f0 so f0 = 40 Hz
A1
klm
51
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
Question 15
(a)
(i)
B1
(ii)
C1
(c)
2
A1
up applies
third harmonic:
three loops shown (condone wave snapshot)
B1
B1
M0
A1
M0
1
mass per unit length
2
A1
klm
M0
A1
B1
52
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(d)
B1
1
note:
consequence is not essential but saying that the note will
sound
lower is talk out
allow quieter or poorer quality as consequences
Total
separation = 1/630000
B1
quote n = d sin
C1
C1
A1
B1
B1
Question 16
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
st
nd
B1
B1
symmetry of pattern
B1
dispersion change
B1
B1
Total
max 4
Question 17
(a)
(i)
(ii)
= 3 108/1.5 109
C1
= 0.20 m
A1
C1
-1
(iii)
(iv)
klm
A1
b = 0.2 /0.098
[e.c.f. (a)(i)/0.5 sin (a)(ii); condone use of or /2]
C1
A1
B1
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(b)
method is secure
cheaper/lighter/more efficient than multi-transmitter/more
satellites without tdm
considers bandwidth or bit rate issue
calculates no of channels available from reasonable
estimates of
bandwidth and frequency range
use of Physics terms is accurate, the answer is fluent/well
argued with few errors in spelling, punctuation and
grammar and gains at least 3 marks for Physics
B2
B1
B0
Total
14
Question 18
(a)
B1
B1
same frequency/wavelength
B1
in same medium
B1
f = c/
C1
= 1.24
C1
f = 258 Hz
A1
klm
54
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
Question 19
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(c)
f = c/
C1
C1
2.1 1010 Hz
A1
v = f/f
C1
1.4 104 m s1
A1
B1
diffracted by grating
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
Total
klm
max 2
max 2
13
55
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
Question 20
(a)
B1
photons emitted
B1
B1
characteristic of element/gas
B1
B1
B1
(b)
(c)
C1*
C1
C1
C1
A1*
(i)
5.1(0) 1014 Hz
B1
(ii)
yellow-orange
B1
20
(d)
max 3
(i)
(ii)
18
10 10
B1
Doppler effect
B1
B1
B1
C1
A1
or
f
=
M1
max 3
A1
(588 109)
klm
56
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(iii)
f v
= or = v
f c
c
or correct substitutions for
C1
f [= (d)(ii)]
2
f [= (c)(i)]
c [= 3.0 108] etc
(iv)
5.1 105 m s1
or 510 km s1
A1
C1
4.64 10 or (d)(iii)/11
no u.p.
A1
Total
19
Question 21
(a)
(b)
(i)
B1
(ii)
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
(i)
max 4
use of c = f
C1
M1
A1
max 2
klm
57
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(ii)
f/f = v/c
C1
8
13
M1
A1
[d = v/H]
conversion to km/s
16
Question 22
(a)
(i)
Doppler effect/shift
B1
(ii)
B1
C1
A1
C1
A1
(b)
(c)
(i)
d sin = n
C1
6
klm
C1
A1
58
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(ii)
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
interference is constructive
B1
B1
B1
B1
max 5
max 2
Total
14
Question 23
(a)
(b)
(i)
B1
(ii)
B1
absorption owtte
B1
B1
correct reason
B1
Total
klm
3
5
59
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
Question 24
(a)
(b)
(i)
C1
correct use of v = Hd
C1
= 9.43 106
A1
use of / = v/c
C1
C1
(ii)
= 18.2 10 m
A1
adds wavelengths
C1
A1
Total
2
8
Question 25
infrared
B1
B1
B1
Total
3
3
Question 26
(a)
(b)
(c)
klm
H = v/d
C1
M1
A1
use of d = v/H
B1
B1
C1
C1
A1
60
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
(d)
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
max 4
0
Total
max 2
14
Question 27
(a)
(b)
(i)
3 quarks
C1
1 up and 1 down
A1
(ii)
B1
(i)
proton
B1
anti neutrino
B1
B1
B1
(ii)
Total
2
1
2
2
7
Question 28
D
1
Total
d+d+u
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
Total
Question 29
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
klm
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
Question 30
(a)
(b)
lepton fundamental
meson, baryon not fundamental
allow underline or crossing out wrong options
B1
(i)
baryon/hadron
B1
(ii)
uud
B1
2
3
2
3
13 = + 1(e)
B1
Total
2
4
Question 31
2 quarks
M1
A1
1/3 + (2/3) = 1
A1
Total
Question 32
(a)
+ p(+) = n + + + K
B1
(b)
M1
M1
M1
A1
Total
Question 33
(a)
(b)
A - repelled
B1
M1
A1
B1
second piece
B1
2
62
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Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
Question 34
(a)
B4
leptons: electron/muon/neutrino
(b)
proton
B1
neutron
B1
Total
Question 35
(a)
(b)
(i)
B1
(ii)
1 or 1.6 1019 C or e
B1
(iii)
B1
B1
B1
B1
Total
klm
63
Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Physics B: Physics in Context / PHYB1: Additional Sample Questions and Mark Schemes / Version 1.1
Question 36
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
B1
mention of frequency
M1
A1
B1
B1
B1
f = 1/T
C1
1250 Hz
A1
(iii)
B1
B1
B1
B1
sent sequentially
B1
B1
B1
2
1
max 4
max 2
Total
klm
64