Navigation, Radar & ARPA Simulator Training (Master Yachts)

Duration:
This module will be conducted over a minimum period of ten days, or 60 hours, of formal instruction.

Content:
This module will contain sections on the Collision Regulations, Passage Planning, Search and Rescue (IAMSAR), Electronic Navigation Aids, ECDIS, AIS, radar and ARPA (Target Tracking). It will contain simulation navigation exercises to demonstrate competency in planning and monitoring techniques, blind pilotage, collision avoidance and a practical exercise in Search and Rescue. The structure of the module will incorporate at least five days use of an MCA type-approved Radar and Navigation Systems Bridge Simulator. A minimum of three days will be devoted to tuition in the practical use of ARPA (target tracking). The practical use of ECDIS for passage planning and monitoring must be exercised sufficiently to demonstrate navigational competence in the use of ECDIS.

The assessment will be in two parts:

In-course practical assessment: Candidates MUST satisfactorily complete the in-course assessment before they are eligible to take the written exam. The in-course assessment will consist of: Preparing a detailed passage plan for a passage, or port approach, in estuarial or coastal waters. This plan may be selected as one of the passages run in the simulator. Successful completion of a series of simulator exercises, demonstrating competence in: General navigation including the use of electronic navigational aids (including radar, ARPA and ECDIS), Thorough understanding and application of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (ColRegs). A written 3 hour exam. The written paper will include a radar plot, questions examining the candidates under pinning knowledge and may also include a passage plan. To achieve a pass a candidate must obtain at least 65%.

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1.

Topic 1 Passage Planning

1.1.1. Identify most suitable route consult all relevant documentation. 1.1.1.1. Pilot book information: shallow patches, restricted areas, conspicuous landmasses, offshore dangers, 1.1.1.2. Set courses on charts, berth to berth, between points of departure and destination 1.1.1.3. Current and Tidal publications: prevailing currents and tides (heights and directions) in relevant places. 1.1.1.4. Reporting areas: VTS and other communication requirements 1.1.1.5. requirements 1.1.1.6. Identify and highlight dangers on the charts 1.1.1.7. Assess and allow suitable margins of safety from dangers 1.1.1.8. Sources of Weather information throughout route:

1.1. Appraisal and planning

winds, potential fog, ice other aspect including Tropical Revolving Storms that could restrict passage or require deviation.

1.1.2. Determine all aspects affecting navigation. 1.1.2.1. Identify position fixing arrangements 1.1.2.2. Identify transit bearings and other means of determining the compass error 1.1.2.3. Set up parallel indexing and identify index ranges 1.1.2.4. Define contingency arrangements 1.1.2.5. Establish abort position when approaching confined waters 1.1.2.6. Identify Traffic Separation areas 1.1.2.7. Identify any other special areas and restrictions, which may affect the safe navigation 1.1.3. Pre-sailing briefing 1.1.3.1. Understand the importance of pre-sailing briefing 1.1.3.2. Identify information to be discussed at pre-sailing briefing

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1.1.4. Use of ECDIS with Passage Planning 1.1.4.1. Plan and save a route using ECDIS, adding text and warnings, where necessary 1.1.4.2. Set appropriate alarm parameters, i.e. safety depth, safety contour, cross track error. 1.1.4.3. Determine the availability of appropriate charts and their coverage. 1.1.5. Fuel consumption and range 1.1.5.1. Determine total distance to travel and fuel consumption 1.1.5.2. safe fuel reserve required 1.1.5.3. Determine fuel required at departure port.

1.2. Execution and monitoring.

1.2.1. Navigation safety 1.2.1.1. Determine course to steer to make good a desired course 1.2.1.2. Fix vessels position by visual and/or radar cross check 1.2.1.3. Fix vessels position by electronic navigational aids - cross check 1.2.1.4. Monitor the vessels progress by ECDIS 1.2.1.5. Monitor the vessels position by parallel index with reference to the planned track in coastal and estuarial waters and port approaches 1.2.1.6. Maintain the vessel in a safe position 1.2.1.7. Execute contingency arrangements in the event of steering failure, engine breakdowns, blackouts etc 1.2.1.8. Monitor other vessels by radar/ARPA 1.2.1.9. Comply fully with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1.2.1.10. Use information from an MKD unit or AIS/ARPA/ECDIS interface to enhance situation awareness. 1.2.1.11. Conduct a pre-planned coastal passage in the simulator in clear and/or reduced visibility demonstrating seamanlike navigation and chartwork skills. 1.2.2. Conduct Arrival briefing 1.2.2.1. Understand the importance of arrival briefing 1.2.2.2. Identify the information to be discussed at an arrival briefing. Navrast Master (Yachts) Rev 2010.01

2. Topic 2 International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea

2.1.1. Application of the Collision Regulations - practical exercises on an approved simulator 2.1.1.1. Appreciate the need for early and substantial action and dangers of assumptions made on inadequate information 2.1.1.2. Take suitable action in compliance with the Rules to avoid close quarter situations with vessels in sight of one another 2.1.1.3. Take suitable action in compliance with the Rules to avoid close quarter situations with vessels detected by radar alone, but not observed visually 2.1.1.4. Determine a safe speed taking into account all prevailing conditions 2.1.1.5. Whilst conducting a simulated passage, analyse potential collision risks when in a potential multi-vessel encounter, determine and execute best action to avoid a close quarter situation

2.2. Search and Rescue.

2.2.1. Principles of search and rescue - practical application of search and Rescue Operations 2.2.1.1. Understand the basic contents and use of International Aeronautical and Marine Search and Rescue (IAMSAR) Manual vol III 2.2.1.2. Conduct a simulated multiple ship SAR exercise to include at least three ships 2.2.1.3. Establish an OSC for exercise clear of coastal control
Deleted: contro

Establish inter-ship communications to prepare for recovery 2.2.1.4. Make own ship ready for SAR operations and casualty recovery 2.2.1.5. Manoeuvre to recover survivors

Delegate responsibilities Establish a datum Conduct full communications and instructions Initiate multiple ship search patterns

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2.2.1.6. Understand how the use of ECDIS can aid the search patterns NOTE: The exercise should reflect the implications of GMDSS and other additional facilities available to assist SAR

3.

Topic 3

Radar.

3.1. Radar display

3.1.1. Understand modes of operation 3.1.1.1. Understand and utilise the advantages of the different display orientations 3.1.1.2. Understand and utilise the advantages of the different modes of display 3.1.1.3. Understand and utilise the advantages of sea and ground stabilisation 3.1.1.4. Appreciate and utilise target trails 3.1.2. Use of Radar in Navigation 3.1.2.1. Operate ARPA radar interfaced with an ECDIS 3.1.2.2. Understand advantages and limitations of ARPA and tracked target overlay on ECDIS display 3.1.2.3. Understand advantages and limitations of overlaying radar picture onto ECDIS

3.2. Practical radar plotting.

3.2.1.1. Perform paper and real-time simulator plotting of more than one target 3.2.1.2. Determine effect of own ship alteration of course on CPAs of other targets.

4.

Topic 4

ARPA & Target Tracking Radar

4.1. Introduction
This part of the course follows the structure of the MCA approved ARPA course: it serves as refresher training for those candidates already ARPA qualified. (Note: the term ARPA includes the target tracking capabilities of newer radars)

4.2. Aim
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The aim of the course is to provide training in the fundamentals and operation of ARPA radar equipment and in the interpretation and analysis of information obtained from this equipment. To comply with IMO and statutory requirements, the ARPA radar must be under the control of a person qualified in the operational use of ARPA.

4.3. Objectives
At the end of the course the officer should be capable of effectively using ARPA equipment as safe aid to navigation and collision avoidance through ability to: Follow procedures for operating the equipment and maintaining the display Obtain and analyse the data provided Take action as required for the safe conduct of navigation based on correct Interpretation and analysis of ARPA data

4.4. Design of Exercises

The exercises will require the participants to illustrate the principles of keeping a safe navigational watch, chartwork and collision avoidance. The design and conduct of the exercises will be progressive with the later exercises designed to stretch the ability of the participants.

5.

ARPA & Target Tracking Radar

5.1.1. IMO Performance Standards for ARPA 5.1.1.1. An appreciation of the performance standards in particular the standards relating to accuracy 5.1.2. Factors affecting system performance and accuracy 5.1.2.1. Knowledge of ARPA sensor input parameters radar, compass and speed inputs and the effects of sensor malfunction on the accuracy of ARPA data. 5.1.2.2. Knowledge of :the effects of the limitations of radar range and bearing discrimination and accuracy and the limitations of compass and speed input accuracies on the accuracy of ARPA data 5.1.2.3. Knowledge of the factors which influence vector accuracy. 5.1.3. Tracking capabilities and limitations

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5.1.3.1. Knowledge of the criteria for the selection of targets by automatic acquisition 5.1.3.2. Knowledge of the factors leading to the correct choice of targets for manual acquisition 5.1.3.3. Knowledge of the effects on tracking of lost targets and target fading 5.1.3.4. Knowledge of the circumstances causing target swap and its effects on displayed data 5.1.3.5. Knowledge of the limits imposed on both types of acquisition in multi-target scenarios 5.1.4. Processing delays 5.1.4.1. Knowledge of the delays inherent in the display of processed ARPA information, particularly on acquisition and reacquisition or when a tracked target, or own ship, manoeuvres. 5.1.5. Operational warnings 5.1.5.1. Appreciation of the uses, benefits and limitations of ARPA operational warnings and their correct setting, where applicable, to avoid spurious alarms and distraction 5.1.5.2. Appreciation of true and relative vectors and typical graphic representation of target information and danger areas 5.1.5.3. Thorough knowledge of true and relative vectors, derivation of targets true courses and speeds, including:

threat assessment, derivation of predicted closest point of approach and predicted time to closest point of approach from forward extrapolation of vectors, The effects of alteration of course and/or speed of own ship and/or targets on predicted closest point of approach and predicted time to closest point of approach and danger areas the effects of incorrect vectors the benefits of switching between true and relative vectors

5.1.6. Information on past positions of targets being tracked 5.1.6.1. Knowledge of:

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the derivation of past positions of targets being tracked recognition of historic data as a means of indicating recent manoeuvring of targets Setting up and maintaining displays

5.1.6.2. Ability to demonstrate: the selection of display presentation; stabilised relative motion displays and true motion displays the correct adjustment of all variable radar display controls for optimum display of data the selection as appropriate of required speed input the selection of ARPA tracking controls, manual and automatic acquisition, vector display of data the selection of the time scale of vectors the use of exclusion areas when automatic acquisition is utilised performance checks of radar, compass and speed input sensors and ARPA

5.1.6.3. Obtaining information from the ARPA display 5.1.6.4. Ability to obtain information in both relative and true modes of display, including:

the identification of critical echoes the speed and direction of targets relative movement the time to and predicted range of targets closest point of approach the courses and speeds of targets detecting changes of targets courses and speeds and the limitations of such information the effect of changes in own ships course or speed or both the operation of the trial manoeuvre

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5.1.6.5. Application of the International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea 5.1.6.6. Analysis of potential collision situations from displayed information, determination and execution of action to avoid close quarters situations in accordance with the International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea. 5.1.6.7. Interfacing ARPA with other systems 5.1.6.8. Understands the ability to integrate data between navigational aids and their limitations, eg. ARPA to ECDIS, 5.1.6.9. Appreciates the dangers and limitations of data transfer between equipment

6. Topic 5 ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems)

6.1.1.1. Thorough knowledge of and ability to use ECDIS, particularly:

Understand the operational difference between ECS & ECDIS; Understand the principal types of electronic charts available;

6.1.1.2. Raster charts; 6.1.1.3. Vector charts; 6.1.1.4. Be aware of S-52 & S-57 IHO performance standards. 6.1.1.5. Understand of the significance of ENCs and their use with ECDIS. 6.1.1.6. Create a voyage plan 6.1.1.7. Apply appropriate safety settings 6.1.1.8. Execute a safety check on the voyage plan 6.1.1.9. Control of navigational functions and settings 6.1.1.10. 6.1.1.11. 6.1.1.12. 6.1.1.13. 6.1.1.14. Manage specific functions of route monitoring Understand status indications, indicators and alarms Manage Radar, ARPA and AIS overlays Monitor integrity of the system Understand the dangers of over reliance on ECDIS

6.1.1.15. Knowledge of procurement and licensing and updating procedures

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6.1.1.16. Knowledge of the voyage log requirements and procedures

7. Topic 6 AIS (Automatic Identification System)

7.1.1.1. Is aware of the AIS concepts: 7.1.1.2. Understands the objectives of AIS 7.1.1.3. Aware of the SOTDMA concept 7.1.1.4. Understands the elements of AIS data: 7.1.1.5. Understands the information included in static data 7.1.1.6. Understands the information included in dynamic data 7.1.1.7. Understands the information included in voyage related data 7.1.1.8. Understands the associated transmission intervals for each group of data 7.1.1.9. Understands the use of safety and security related messages 7.1.1.10. 7.1.1.11. 7.1.1.12. 7.1.1.13. 7.1.1.14. 7.1.1.15. 7.1.1.16. Aware of the use of AIS as aids to navigation AIS Ship Installations Understands carriage requirements Understands the MKD configuration Understands the radar/ECDIS configuration Use of AIS at Sea Understands the need for checks of own ship input data

7.1.1.17. Understands the use of AIS data on a radar or ECDIS display 7.1.1.18. Aware of caution when making decisions based on AIS target data 7.1.1.19. Understands the advantages and disadvantages of AIS compared with radar 7.1.1.20. Understands the principles and use of target association

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