Arabic Alphabet Resources

Arabic Alphabet with Vowels & Phonetic Sounds

Shadda with With With Nunation (double vowel) Diphthong 1 Sukūn Long 2 Vowel Short Vowel3
the three Alif Alif
short vowels Maqsūra Mad Dammatān Kasratān Fathatān (aw) (ay) (voweless) Wāw Yā’ Alif Damma Kasra Fatha
(double
consonant)

‫ﱢ ﱡ‬. .. ...‫ﱠ‬
… ‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﺁ‬ ٌ/ُُ ٍ… ‫ﺍﹰ‬ ‫…َﻭ‬ ‫…ﻱ‬
َ .ْ... ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ُ… ِ… َ…
(‫ﺍ‬+‫)ﺍ‬
double ā ā un in an aw ay voweless ū ī ā u i a
consonant

‫ ﺏ‬‫ ﺏ‬‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﰉ‬ ‫ﺑﺂ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺏﹴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺏﹺ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ٌ‫ﺑـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺏ‬

Bā'un
bba, bbi,
bā bā bun bin ban baw bay b' bū bī bā bu bi ba
bbu

1
Diphthongs are vowel sounds consisting of two vowels (short and long) joined together
2
Long Vowels: There are three long vowels in the Arabic alphabet (‫ ﻱ‬,‫ ﻭ‬,‫)ﺍ‬
3
Short Vowels: There are three long short vowels in the Arabic alphabet (Fatha, Damma & Kasra). They are represented by diactric symbols, instead of alphabetic letters.

1 © Mourad Diouri I e-Arabic.com | Centre for the Advanced Study of the Arab World (CASAW)  |  
Universities of Edinburgh, Durham & Manchester
 Shadda with With Alif With Tanween (double vowel) Diphthong Sukūn Long Vowel Short Vowel Name Letter
the three short Maqsūra Alif
vowels Mad Damma Kasra Fatha (aw) (ay) (voweless) Wāw Yā’ Alif Fatha Kasra Damma
(double
consonant)

‫ﺃﱠ ﺃﱢ ﺃﱡ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﺁ‬ ٌ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺇﹴ‬ ً‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﹾ‬ ‫ﺃﻱﹾ‬ ْ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻱ‬ ‫ﺁ‬ ُ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺇﹺ‬ َ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ـﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
Alif

‫ ﺏ‬‫ ﺏ‬‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﰉ‬ ‫ﺑﺂ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺏﹴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻮﹾ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲﹾ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺏﹺ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
Bā'
‫ ﺕ‬‫ ﺕ‬‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺂ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻮﹾ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲﹾ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮ‬ ‫ﰐ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ِﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺗـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
Tā’
‫ ﺙ‬‫ ﺙ‬‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺛﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺂ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻮﹾ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻲﹾ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺛﻮ‬ ‫ﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺛـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺙ‬
Tha’
‫ ﺝ‬‫ ﺝ‬‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺟﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺂ‬ ‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺝﹴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻮﹾ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻲﹾ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺝﹺ‬ ‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺝ‬
Jīm
‫ ﺡ‬‫ ﺡ‬‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺂ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺡﹴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻮﹾ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻲﹾ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺣﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺡﹺ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺡ‬
Hā’
‫ ﺥ‬‫ ﺥ‬‫ﺥ‬ ‫ﺧﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺂ‬ ‫ﺥ‬ ‫ﺥﹴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻮﹾ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻲﹾ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺥ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎ‬ ‫ﺥ‬ ‫ﺥﹺ‬ ‫ﺥ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺥ‬
Khā’

‫ ﺩ‬‫ ﺩ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺁ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﹾ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻱﹾ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
Dāl

‫ ﺫ‬‫ ﺫ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺫﻯ‬ ‫ﺫﺁ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﹾ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻱﹾ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺫ‬
dhāl

2 © Mourad Diouri I e-Arabic.com | Centre for the Advanced Study of the Arab World (CASAW)  |  
Universities of Edinburgh, Durham & Manchester
 ‫ﺭ‪ ‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﺭ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﺁ‬ ‫ﺭ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭﹴ‬ ‫ﺭ‪‬ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‪‬ﻭﹾ‬ ‫ﺭ‪‬ﻱﹾ‬ ‫ﺭ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭﹺ‬ ‫ﺭ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺀ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫’‪Rā‬‬
‫ﺯ‪ ‬ﺯ‪ ‬ﺯ‪‬‬ ‫ﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺯﺁ‬ ‫ﺯ‪‬‬ ‫ﺯﹴ‬ ‫ﺯ‪‬ﺍ‬ ‫ﺯ‪‬ﻭﹾ‬ ‫ﺯ‪‬ﻱﹾ‬ ‫ﺯ‪‬‬ ‫ﺯﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﺯ‪‬‬ ‫ﺯﹺ‬ ‫ﺯ‪‬‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻱﹲ‬ ‫ﺯ‬
‫‪Zāy‬‬
‫ﺱ‪ ‬ﺱ‪ ‬ﺱ‪‬‬ ‫ﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺂ‬ ‫ﺱ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱﹴ‬ ‫ﺳ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‪‬ﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﺳ‪‬ﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﺱ‪‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺱ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱﹺ‬ ‫ﺱ‪‬‬ ‫ﺳﲔ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫‪sīn‬‬
‫ﺵ‪ ‬ﺵ‪ ‬ﺵ‪‬‬ ‫ﺷﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺂ‬ ‫ﺵ‪‬‬ ‫ﺵﹴ‬ ‫ﺷ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ‪‬ﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﺷ‪‬ﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﺵ‪‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﺵ‪‬‬ ‫ﺵﹺ‬ ‫ﺵ‪‬‬ ‫ﺷﲔ‪‬‬ ‫ﺵ‬
‫‪shīn‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ﺹ‪ ‬ﺹ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺻﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﺂ‬ ‫ﺹ‪‬‬ ‫ﺹﹴ‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬ﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬ﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﺹ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﺎ‬ ‫ﺹ‪‬‬ ‫ﺹﹺ‬ ‫ﺹ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺩ‪‬‬ ‫ﺹ‬
‫‪Sād‬‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﺽ‪ ‬ﺽ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﺿﺂ‬ ‫ﺽ‪‬‬ ‫ﺽﹴ‬ ‫ﺿ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺿ‪‬ﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﺿ‪‬ﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﺽ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿﻮ‬ ‫ﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﺽ‪‬‬ ‫ﺽﹺ‬ ‫ﺽ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿﺎﺩ‪‬‬ ‫ﺽ‬
‫‪Dād‬‬
‫ﻁ‪ ‬ﻁ‪ ‬ﻁ‪‬‬ ‫ﻃﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﺂ‬ ‫ﻁ‪‬‬ ‫ﻁ‪‬‬ ‫ﻃ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻃ‪‬ﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﻃ‪‬ﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﻁ‪‬‬ ‫ﻃﻮ‬ ‫ﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﺎ‬ ‫ﻁ‪‬‬ ‫ﻁ‪‬‬ ‫ﻁ‪‬‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺀ‪‬‬ ‫ﻁ‬
‫’‪Tā‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ ‬ﻅ‪ ‬ﻅ‪‬‬ ‫ﻇﻰ‬ ‫ﻇﺂ‬ ‫ﻅ‪‬‬ ‫ﻅ‪‬‬ ‫ﻇ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻇ‪‬ﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﻇ‪‬ﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﻅ‪‬‬ ‫ﻇﻮ‬ ‫ﻇﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎ‬ ‫ﻅ‪‬‬ ‫ﻅ‪‬‬ ‫ﻅ‪‬‬ ‫ﻇﺎﺀ‪‬‬ ‫ﻅ‬
‫’‪DHā‬‬
‫ﻉ‪ ‬ﻉ‪ ‬ﻉ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺂ‬ ‫ﻉ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉﹴ‬ ‫ﻋ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‪‬ﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﻋ‪‬ﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﻉ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻉ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉﹺ‬ ‫ﻉ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋ‪‬ﻴـ‪‬ﻦ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ‬
‫‪c‬‬
‫‪ayn‬‬
‫ﻍ‪ ‬ﻍ‪ ‬ﻍ‪‬‬ ‫ﻏﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﺂ‬ ‫ﻍ‪‬‬ ‫ﻍﹴ‬ ‫ﻏ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻏ‪‬ﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﻏ‪‬ﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﻍ‪‬‬ ‫ﻏﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺎ‬ ‫ﻍ‪‬‬ ‫ﻍﹺ‬ ‫ﻍ‪‬‬ ‫ﻏ‪‬ﻴﹾـﻦ‪‬‬ ‫ﻍ‬
‫‪ġhayn‬‬
‫ﻑ‪ ‬ﻑ‪ ‬ﻑ‪‬‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻓﺂ‬ ‫ﻑ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‪‬ﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﻓ‪‬ـﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﻑ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻑ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺀ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ‬
‫’‪Fā‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪© Mourad Diouri‬‬ ‫‪I e-Arabic.com | Centre for the Advanced Study of the Arab World (CASAW)  |  ‬‬
‫‪Universities of Edinburgh, Durham & Manchester‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ‬ﻕ‪ ‬ﻕ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺂ‬ ‫ﻕ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕﹴ‬ ‫ﻗ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻗ‪‬ﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﻗ‪‬ﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﻕ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮ‬ ‫ﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻕ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕﹺ‬ ‫ﻕ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻑ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ‬
‫‪Qāf‬‬
‫ﻙ‪ ‬ﻙ‪ ‬ﻙ‪‬‬ ‫ﻛﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺂ‬ ‫ﻙ‪‬‬ ‫ﻙ‪‬‬ ‫ﻛ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛ‪‬ﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﻛ‪‬ﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﻙ‪‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻙ‪‬‬ ‫ﻙ‪‬‬ ‫ﻙ‪‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻑ‪‬‬ ‫ﻙ‬
‫‪Kāf‬‬
‫ﻝ‪ ‬ﻝ‪ ‬ﻝ‪‬‬ ‫ﱃ‬ ‫ﻵ‬ ‫ﻝ‪‬‬ ‫ﻝﹴ‬ ‫ﻻﹰ‬ ‫ﻟ‪‬ﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﻟ‪‬ﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﻝ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﱄ‬ ‫ﻵ‬ ‫ﻝ‪‬‬ ‫ﻝﹺ‬ ‫ﻝ‪‬‬ ‫ﻻﻡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻝ‬
‫‪Lām‬‬
‫ﻡ‪ ‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺂ‬ ‫ﻡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻡﹴ‬ ‫ﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‪‬ﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﻣ‪‬ﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﻡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻡﹺ‬ ‫ﻡ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻢ‪‬‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫‪Mīm‬‬
‫ﻥ‪ ‬ﻥ‪ ‬ﻥ‪‬‬ ‫ﱏ‬ ‫ﻧﺂ‬ ‫ﻥ‪‬‬ ‫ﻥﹴ‬ ‫ﻧ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‪‬ﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﻧ‪‬ﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﻥ‪‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﱐ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‪‬‬ ‫ﻥﹺ‬ ‫ﻥ‪‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻥ‪‬‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫‪Nūn‬‬
‫ﻩ‪ ‬ﻩ‪ ‬ﻩ‪‬‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺂ‬ ‫ﻩ‪‬‬ ‫ﻩ‪‬‬ ‫ﻫﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﹶﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﻫﹶﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﻩ‪‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻩ‪‬‬ ‫ﻩ‪‬‬ ‫ﻩ‪‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺀ‪‬‬ ‫ﻩ‬
‫’‪hā‬‬
‫ﻭﱠ ﻭﱢ ﻭﱡ‬ ‫ﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺁ‬ ‫ﻭﹲ‬ ‫ﻭﹴ‬ ‫ﻭﹰﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻭﹾ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻱﹾ‬ ‫ﻭﹾ‬ ‫ﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﹸ‬ ‫ﻭﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻭﹲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫‪Wāw‬‬
‫ﻱﱠ ﻱﱢ ﻱﱡ‬ ‫ﱙ‬ ‫ﻳﺂ‬ ‫ﻱﹲ‬ ‫ﻱﹴ‬ ‫ﻳﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﹶﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﻳﹶﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﻱﹾ‬ ‫ﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻱﹸ‬ ‫ﻱﹺ‬ ‫ﻱﹶ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺀ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ‬
‫'‪Yā‬‬

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‫‪Universities of Edinburgh, Durham & Manchester‬‬