Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Cellular Respiration - this is not breathing!!!!!

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metabolic (chemical) reactions which release energy from nutrients (food)! metabolic reactions take place in cells ! waste products are also released

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Metabolic Reactions!
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2 kinds of metabolic reactions! (a) anabolic reactions - small molecules (chemicals) join together to build bigger molecules (chemicals)! (b) catabolic reactions - big molecules are broken down into smaller molecules (think catastrophe)!
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respiration reactions are catabolic - breaking large nutrient molecules into smaller molecules

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Aerobic Respiration!
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uses oxygen (O2) to react with glucose (C6H12O6), which releases energy! energy is captured by a special molecule called ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate)! at the end of the reaction the waste products are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)! takes place in both plant and animal cells

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Aerobic Respiration!
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Word Equation!
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glucose + oxygen

carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)!

Chemical Equation!
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C6H12O6 + 6 O2!

6 CO2 !! !

+ 6 H2O (+ energy)

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Aerobic Respiration!
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ATP! ! most of the production of ATP takes place in the mitochondria

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Aerobic Respiration!
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Mitochondria! ! pill-shaped organelle! ! made from inner and outer membrane! ! inner membrane has lots of folds called cristae! ! cristae increase surface area for metabolic reactions to take place - faster reaction! ! inner matrix lled with water and proteins (enzymes)! ! enzymes help nutrients and O2 perform aerobic respiration

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Mitochondrion

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Aerobic Respiration Questions 1! 1. What are metabolic reactions? [1]! 2. Where do metabolic reactions take place? [1]! 3. Which kind of metabolic reaction builds molecules? [1]! 4. What kind of metabolic reaction is respiration? [1]! 5. What reactant is essential for aerobic respiration? [1]! 6. Which molecule captures the energy released during respiration? [1]! 7. What are the 2 waste products of aerobic respiration? [2]

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Aerobic Respiration Questions 1! 8. Why are mitochondria important in aerobic respiration? [1]! 9. What is the function of cristae in mitochondria? [1]! 10.What is the inner uid-lled compartment of a mitochondrion called? [1]!
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Total Marks [11]

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Anaerobic Respiration!
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oxygen is NOT used to release the energy in glucose (a different set of reactions are involved)! energy is still captured by ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate)! the waste products depend on the reactions! ! in skeletal muscles during strenuous exercise, lactic acid is the waste product! ! in yeast ethanol and carbon dioxide are the waste products

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Fermentation!
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production of lactic acid in the muscles is a type of fermentation (lactic acid fermentation)! the ethanol and CO2 is called alcoholic or ethanol fermentation! alcoholic fermentation is used in the drinks industry! the CO2 is used in the bread making industry!
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fermentation is also used in the pharmaceutical industry

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Fermentation!
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Word equation!
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glucose

carbon dioxide + ethanol (+ energy)!

Chemical equation!
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C6H12O6

2 CO2

+ 2 C2H5OH (+ energy)!

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

ATP!
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produced at the end of cellular respiration, fermentation and photophosphorylation! it is used to carry energy from one set of reactions to another set!
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C10H16N5O13P3

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

ATP!
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most ATP is formed from ADP (adenosine diphosphate)! ADP has 2 phosphate groups, ATP has 3 phosphate groups!
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total amount of ATP and ADP is the same

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

ATP / ADP

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

ATP / ADP!
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reaction is reversible! ADP + P ! ! ! ATP

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Respiration Summary

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Respiration Summary

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

ATP / ADP Questions 1!
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1. What is the main function of ATP? [1]! 2. Is ATP necessary for aerobic and anaerobic respiration? [1]! 3. What gas is not used in anaerobic respiration? [1]! 4. What is the waste product formed during anaerobic respiration in the muscles? [1]! 5. What gas is released by yeast and used during baking? [1]! 6. What type of fermentation is used by the drinks industry? [1]

Animal Anatomy and Physiology

ATP / ADP Questions 1!
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Total Marks [6]