REVIEWER: SECOND SEMESTRAL EVALUATION IN HUMAN ANATOMY DE LA SALLE HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE - COLLEGE OF MEDICINE - BATCH 2016 ELEVENTH

THEORETICAL EVALUATION
Histology: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Neuroanatomy: INTRODUCTION, SPINAL CORD/PATHWAYS, BASAL NUCLEI/CEREBELLUM MARCH 04, 2013
1. The nerve cell bodies of the parvocellular secretory neurons are located in the: A. thalamus B. hypothalamus C. median eminence D. none of the above PARVOCELLULAR SECRETORY NEURONS synthesize hypophysiotropic hormones (CRH, TRH, GRH, GnRH, PIH, somatostatin) smaller than magnocellular secretory neurons widely distributed within the hypothalamus but are mostly in the arcuate, paraventricular, and periventricular nuclei terminations of axons are in the median eminence MAGNOCELLULAR SECRETORY NEURONS synthesize posterior pituitary hormones (oxytocin and ADH), which are then stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland located in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus axons magnocelluar secretory neurons comprise the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract 2. TRUE of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract: A. It refers to the nerve fibers of the magnocellular secretory neurons. B. It refers to the nerve fibers of the parvocellular secretory neurons. C. It is the main component of the pars tuberalis of the pituitary gland. D. It terminates in the median eminence. 3. The activity of the chromophils and chromophobes in the pituitary gland are regulated by hormones that are delivered to them via the: A. hypophyseoportal system B. hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract C. hypophyseal veins D. hypophyseal arteries HYPOHYSEOPORTAL SYSTEM refers to the plexus of veins that travels from the median eminence to the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland portal system because it receives blood from a set of capillaries (ie supplies the median eminence) and drains into another set of capillaries (ie supplies the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland) 4. The epithelial cells of which part of the pituitary gland synthesize MSH? A. anterior lobe B. posterior lobe C. pars tuberalis parenchymal cells are mostly GONADOTROPHS and THYROTROPHS D. pars intermedia also produce B-endorphins TWO DISTINCT PARTS OF THE PITUITARY GLAND: NEUROHYPOPHYSIS From neural ectoderm; develops as a downgrowth of the diencephalon Not really a gland; does not produce but only stores and secretes hormones More fibrous Three Regions: Median eminence Pituitary stalk Posterior lobe ADENOHYPOPHYSIS From oral ectoderm Derived from Rathkes pouch (an upgrowth of the oral mucosa) More cellular Three Regions: Pars distalis (anterior lobe) Pars tuberalis (pars infundibularis) Pars intermedia (intermediate lobe) 5. Herring bodies, which are made up of secretory granules that contain ADH and oxytocin can be found in the: A. neurohypophysis B. adenohypophysis C. hypothalamus D. Both A & B 6. Folliculostellate (FS) cells that are found in the adenohypophysis are: A. basophils B. acidophils C. chromophobes D. stem cells PARENCHYMAL CELLS OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND TWO TYPES: CHROMOPHILS (35%) acidophils (alpha cells) o somatotrophs o mammotrophs basophils (beta cells) nucleus is less dense and lighter staining o thyrotrophs

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REVIEWER: SECOND SEMESTRAL EVALUATION IN HUMAN ANATOMY DE LA SALLE HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE - COLLEGE OF MEDICINE - BATCH 2016
o corticotrophs o gonadotrophs CHROMOPHOBES (65%) actually chomophils, mostly CORTICOTROPHS, that look different from other chromophils because they are resting or have just recently released mostly of their secretory granules, or just in the process of producing new ones two kinds of chromophobes that are distinct from chromophils: o FOLLICULOSTELLATE CELLS have long, branching processes; nonsecretory; performs some supportive roles for the other cells o UNDIFFERENTIATED STEM CELL

7. Which of the following cells are acidophils? A. Somatotrophs most abundant chromophils B. corticotrophs C. gonadotrophs D. thyrotrophs secretory granules are the smallest among all the secretory cells of the anterior lobe 8. The cell nuclei in the neurohypophysis are mostly those of: A. neurosecretory neurons B. chromophils C. chromophobes D. pituicytes PITUICYTES stellate cells whose slender cytoplasmic processes are interconnected by gap junctions nonsecretory supporting cells surrounding the axons of the secretory neurons morphologically similar to astrocytes 9. Most chromophobes are: A. thyrotrophs B. mammotrophs C. corticotrophs D. somatotrophs 10. Rathkes cysts, follicles that contain colloidal material, characterize which part of the pituitary gland? A. anterior lobe B. posterior lobe C. intermediate lobe D. pars tuberalis 11. TRUE of the pineal gland: A. It arises as an evagination of the oral ectoderm. B. Melatonin is produced by its chief cells. C. Its most numerous cellular elements are glial cells, which are also called interstitial cells. D. All of the above PINEAL GLAND Arises in the embryo as a hollow evagination of the roof of the diencephalon PINEALOCYTES o Parenchymal cells that fill the lobules of the pituitary gland o Modified neurons that comprise 95% of the cell population of the gland o Synthesize melatonin INTERSTITIAL CELLS o Supporting cells dispersed among the pinealocytes o Smaller than pinealocytes o Morphologically similar to astrocytes BRAIN SAND/ACERVULUS/PSAMMOMA BODIES/CORPORA ARENACEA o Striking histologic feature of the pineal gland o Extracellular calcified bodies that have a concentric lamellar structure o Radiopaque pineal gland visible in Xray MAST CELLS o Explain the pineal glands high histamine content 12. Cortisol is a hormone that is synthesized by: A. chromophils B. pinealocytes C. oxyphils D. spongiocytes 13. TRUE of the thyroid follicles: A. Their wall is formed by follicular and parafollicular cells. B. Their cavity is filled with a gelatinous material called colloid. C. When inactive, their epithelial cells are low cuboidal or squamous. D. All of the above 14. TRUE of the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland: A. They are smaller than the follicular cells. B. They are fewer than the follicular cells C. They synthesize calcitonin. D. None of the above 15. Parathormone is synthesized by: A. follicular cells B. parafollicular cells

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REVIEWER: SECOND SEMESTRAL EVALUATION IN HUMAN ANATOMY DE LA SALLE HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE - COLLEGE OF MEDICINE - BATCH 2016
C. D. oxyphils chief cells

16. In the adrenals, aldosterone is synthesized by the cells in the: A. zona glomerulosa B. zona fasculata C. zona reticularis D. medulla 17. The activity of the parenchymal cells of this region of the adrenal gland is regulated primarily by ACTH: A. zona glomerulosa B. zona fasciculata C. medulla D. Both A & B 18. The cells of which region of the adrenal gland synthesize norepinephrine and epinephrine? A. zona glomerulosa B. zona fasculata C. zona reticularis D. medulla 19. TRUE of the islets of Langerhans? A. They are ectodermal in origin. B. Their cells are paler-staining than the acinar cells of the pancreas. C. They are more numerous in the head than the body and tail of the pancreas. D. All of the above. 20. TRUE of the cells of the islets of Langerhans: A. They are the most numerous among the cells in the islets B. They are the biggest of the cells in the islets. C. They are mostly in the peripheral areas of the islets. D. All of the above. BY: DR. EDUARDO GONZALES 21. Which of the following tumors is most commonly seen in the nervous system because the cell type happens to be the most common glial cell in the nervous system? A. Oligodendrocytoma B. Astrocytoma C. Meningioma D. Schwannoma TYPES OF GLIAL CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTION 1. MICROGLIA Phagocytic or scavenger role Rapidly mobilized during infection and inflammation rod cells; are the macrophages or scavengers of the CNS essential for inflammatory responses remove cellular debris at sites of injury 2. OLIGODENDROCYTES Form myelin sheaths of axons in CNS Also guide developing axons to targets can myelinate multiple axons (up to 40 or 50) - account for paucity of remyelination following loss of myelin in the CNS provide some nutritive support to the neuron they envelop Tumors: oligodendrocytoma 3. SCHWANN CELL Form myelin sheaths of axons in PNS Organize formation of connective tissue sheaths surrounding peripheral nerves during development and in axon regeneration myelinates axons of the PNS can only myelinate one axon thus remyelination is brisk after injury to myelin once damaged, remyelination no longer possible Tumor: Schwannoma 4. ASTROCYTE most abundant glial cell provide structural support and maintain form of nervous tissue act as guidewires during development directing neuronal migration seem to participate in reuptake of neurotransmitters contribute to formation of blood brain barrier selectively take up materials to provide an environment optimal for neuronal function act as regulators of electrolyte balance and appear to buffer K+ in the extracellular space form a covering on entire CNS surface and proliferate to aid in repairing damaged neural tissue chronic astrocytic proliferation leads to glial scarring abnormal proliferation called astrocytoma 5. EPENDYMAL CELLS Line-fluid filled cavities in CNS regulate flow of chemicals from these cavities into the brain Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, astrocytes, and ependymal cells are collectively termed as MACROGLIA. 22. Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a disease that destroys the myelin sheath of the peripheral nervous system. The prognosis of this disease will depend on whether the ________________ is intact to remyelinate the axons. What structure is this? A. Schwann cell B. Nodes of Ranvier C. Oligodendrocyte D. Astrocyte 23. Based on the site of the lesions/damage in Guillain Barre Syndrome which of the following neural structures will NOT be damaged in this disease?

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REVIEWER: SECOND SEMESTRAL EVALUATION IN HUMAN ANATOMY DE LA SALLE HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE - COLLEGE OF MEDICINE - BATCH 2016
A. B. C. D. Lamina IX - CNS Facial nerve - PNS Anterior ramus of the spinal nerve - PNS Neural structure innervating the abdominal muscles - PNS

DEMYELINATING DISORDERS MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system; Characteristic is neurologic deficits in structures that are apart from each other; affects the white mater in any part of the CNS so it can be a paraplegia, quadriplegia, monoplegia; only a part of motor pathway is affected; poor prognosis GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME demyelinating disorder of the peripheral nervous system; affects the largest peripheral nerve, the sciatic nerve, hence foot and ankle are involved; good prognosis since only the myelin sheath is destroyed but the Schwann cells are intact, thus will be able to remyelinate damaged segments of the axons 24. Multiple Sclerosis is also a demyelinating disease of the nervous system but in contrast to GBS it destroys myelin sheaths in the central nervous system. The presence of aphasia, apraxia or agnosias in a patient will automatically rule out Multiple Sclerosis because these findings would suggest that there is a lesion affecting the A. Cranial nerve ganglia B. Subcortical white matter C. Diencephalon D. Cerebral cortex CLINICAL FINDINGS AND SITES OF LESIONS Cerebral Cortex Aphasia (language disorder) Apraxia (inability to perform a task on command) Agnosia (inability to identify objects or persons even when all the needed senses are intact) Acalculia (inability to perform mathematical tasks) Impaired cognitive functions (abstract reasoning, calculations, intelligence) Changes in behavior and emotions Subthalamus Hemiballismus Hypothalamus Autonomic and endocrine problems Thalamus Thalamic Syndrome Basal Nuclei movement disorder (athetosis, Parkinsonism) and rigidity Brainstem Various brainstem syndromes, cranial nerve deficits, respiratory & cardiac arrest Red nucleus Chorea Substantia nigra Parkinsonism Colliculi Visual and auditory deficits Cerebellum Motor incoordination (dysdiadochokinesia, inability to do rapid alternating movement) 25. Which of the following neural structures will NOT be damaged in Multiple Sclerosis? A. Corona radiata B. Corticospinal tracts as they pass in the basis of the brainstem C. Internal capsule in its location within the basal nuclei D. Subthalamus 26. A lack of oxygen (hypoxia or anoxia) would primarily affect the metabolic portion of the neurons of the nervous system. Which of the following neural structures would be LEAST susceptible to a lack of oxygen? A. Paravertebral ganglia made up of cell bodies B. Brachium conjunctivum made up of axons C. Brodmann Area 17 and 18 cerebral cortex; made up of cell bodies D. Thalamus made up of cell bodies BASIC PARTS OF A TYPICAL NEURON 1. DENDRITES form the receptive part of the cell transmit signals toward the cell body 2. CELL BODY also called soma or perikaryon contains a nucleus and other organelles thus it is the metabolic and genetic center of the neuron

3.

(Any part of nervous system which is primarily made up of cell bodies is most sensitive to hypoxia and that is the cerebral cortex because it is entirely made up of cell bodies. The largest part of cerebral cortex is frontal lobe which controls behavior therefore behavioral change is the earliest signs of hypoxia to the brain. Gray matter is a collection of cell bodies.)

4.

AXON transmits or relays signals or information away from the cell body conducting and propagating part of the neuron may have collateral branches AXON TERMINAL end portion of the axon also called the synaptic terminal or synaptic arborisation forms part of a synapse

27. Which of the following statements would be true regarding a neural pathway that includes a pseudounipolar cell? A. The central process of this neuron terminates in the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle causing it to contract. B. The cell bodies of this type of neuron cluster together to form a nucleus. C. It is a special sensory neuron that is found primarily in the central nervous system. D. Its peripheral process receives information from different types of receptors in the somatic system. GENERAL SENSORY NEURON (PSEUDOUNIPOLAR CELL) From the cell body, there is really one axon but this axon almost immediately splits into two. Thus, it functions and looks more like a bipolar rather than a unipolar cell. This explains the term pseudounipolar. The two branches of the axon are called the PERIPHERAL process and the CENTRAL process. The PERIPHERAL PROCESS is so called because it is the axon that forms the sensory peripheral nerve. It acts as a dendrite. Its terminal endings will attach to sensory receptors all over the body and receive the sensory inputs. Signals from the peripheral process are sent to the neurons cell body and from here information is relayed to the spinal cord through the CENTRAL PROCESS. This explains its name, Central Process, because it relays to the spinal cord which is a part of the central nervous system. The cell body of the general sensory neurons are usually located in the dorsal root ganglia for the limbs and trunk, and in selected brainstem ganglia for the head and neck.

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REVIEWER: SECOND SEMESTRAL EVALUATION IN HUMAN ANATOMY DE LA SALLE HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE - COLLEGE OF MEDICINE - BATCH 2016
In the SOMATIC nervous system, this general sensory neuron is also called the FIRST ORDER NEURON. 28. Which of the following would make a good landmark for the anterior aspect of the diencephalon? A. Mammillary bodies B. Corpora quadrigemina C. Pineal body D. Insula EXTERNAL LANDMARKS OF THE BRAINSTEM ANTERIOR LANDMARKS Basis of the pons Diencephalon o Optic chiasma and tract o Mammillary bodies o Infundibulum Pyramids of the medulla POSTERIOR LANDMARKS Corpora qudrigemina o Superior colliculli landmarks of the midbrain o Inferior colliculli Pineal body tongue-like structure of the epithalamus Fourth Ventricle diamond shaped structure that separates the pons from the medulla posteriorly; upper half of the fourth ventricle is part of the pons while the lower half is part of the upper medulla 29. Which neural structure will best help you delineate the upper medulla from the lower medulla? A. Medullary pyramids B. Fourth ventricle C. Tegmentum D. Nucleus gracilis and cuneatus 30. Which of the following neural structures will help you locate the epithalamus? A. Superior colliculi B. Third ventricle landmark for the thalamus C. Pineal body D. Mammillary body 31. A tumor that is pressing on the basis of the brainstem is likely to present with motor paralysis because the corticospinal tracts relaying the motor information from the cortex to the cord are A. located anteriorly along the brainstem. B. located posteriorly along the brainstem. C. forms the roof of the Sylvian aqueduct and fourth ventricle. D. forms the floor of the Sylvian aqueduct and fourth ventricle. THREE LONGITUDINAL LAYERS OF THE BRAINSTEM Basis anterior rounded portion of the brainstem Tegmentum middle portion of the brainstem which forms the floor of the fourth ventricle in the pontine area Tectum most posterior layer; evident only in the midbrain where it corresponds to the location of the corpora quadrigemina; roof of the cerebral aqueduct 32. Which of the following neural structures will be found in the central nervous system? A. Sciatic nerve B. Dorsal root ganglion C. Arcuate fasciculus D. Lateral cord CNS Cortex (sheets) Gray matter Nucleus/nuclei (small clusters) White matter Tract Column Fasciculus Lemniscus Brachium PNS Ganglion/ganglia

Groups of cell bodies

Axon bundles

Others

Nerve Root Branch Cord Trunk Type A alpha, beta, gamma and delta nerve fibers, Type B and C nerve fibers Type I, IIa, IIb, III and IV

33. Which of the following neural structures are cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system? A. Solitary nucleus B. Lamina IX C. Medial lemniscus D. Geniculate ganglion 34. Which of the following structures is a commissural fiber? A. Corpus callosum B. Cerebral peduncle C. Brachium conjunctivum connects midbrain to the cerebellum D. Thalamocortical tract COMMISURAL OR TRANSVERSE FIBERS axons that run horizontally connecting cell bodies between the right and left hemispheres the biggest and most visible example of a commissural fiber is the CORPUS CALLOSUM ASSOCIATION FIBERS Axons that connect cell bodies within the cerebral hemisphere only, and ONLY on one side Example: ARCUATE FASCICULUS, UNCINATE FASCICULUS PROJECTION FIBERS

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REVIEWER: SECOND SEMESTRAL EVALUATION IN HUMAN ANATOMY DE LA SALLE HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE - COLLEGE OF MEDICINE - BATCH 2016
Axons that connect the cerebral cortex and basal nuclei with other structures outside of the cerebral hemisphere Example: CORTICOBULBAR TRACT , CORTICOSPINAL TRACT , THALAMOCORTICAL TRACT

35. Which of the following statements is true regarding the convoluted surfaces of the brain? A. The elevations are singularly called folium while the depressions are called sulcus or fissure. B. It is made-up of sheets of cell bodies and is referred to as the white matter of the brain. C. It is the most peripheral layer of the cerebral hemisphere and is functionally referred to as the Brodmanns Areas or higher cortical centers. D. It developed or was derived from the rhombencephalon. CEREBRAL CORTEX convoluted exterior part of the cerebrum (reason for convolution is for the large surface area of the cell bodies) entirely made up of cell bodies highly convoluted masses of GRAY MATTER that are organized into a folded structure made up of gyri (elevations), sulci, and fissures (depressions) {FOLIUM is for cerebellum} forms the PERIPHERY of the cerebral hemisphere functionally divided into Brodmanns Areas derived from telencephalon 36. Collectively the diencephalon and cerebral hemispheres are called the A. Brain B. Prosencephalon C. Rhombencephalon D. Cerebral cortex

37. The neural structure of the brain that primarily relays information from various parts of the nervous system to the cerebral cortex is the A. Basal nuclei B. Thalamus C. Midbrain D. Spinal cord THALAMUS lies on each side of the THIRD VENTRICLE executive secretary of the cortex primarily a relay center; information sent to the cortex is received by the thalamus except for olfaction which can go directly to the cortex 38. The functional unit of the nervous system is the A. Cerebral hemisphere B. Neuron C. Microglia D. Macroglia CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. NEURON functional unit of the nervous system can receive, process, and transmit information allows nervous system to control the different functions of the body 2. GLIAL CELLS make up almost 90% of the organs of the nervous system do not receive process nor transmit information do not form synapse each glial cells has very specific function (structural, myelination, phagocytic) 39. The cell responsible for myelinating the neurons of the central nervous system are the A. Astrocytes B. Ependymal cells C. Schwann cells D. Oligodendrocytes 40. The cell responsible for the structure and form of the nervous system are the A. Neurons B. Microglia C. Astrocytes D. Ependymal cell 41. Which branch of the spinal nerves form the brachial and lumbosacral plexuses? A. White ramus B. Gray ramus C. Anterior ramus D. Dorsal ramus

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REVIEWER: SECOND SEMESTRAL EVALUATION IN HUMAN ANATOMY DE LA SALLE HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE - COLLEGE OF MEDICINE - BATCH 2016
42. A surface landmark that helps to separate the fasciculus gracilis from the fasciculus cuneatus in the cervical cord is the A. Posterior median sulcus B. Posterolateral sulcus C. Dorsal intermediate sulcus D. Anterolateral sulcus 43. Lesions and drugs that destroy or affect the preganglionic or postganglionic neurons would result in alterations in which of the following functions? A. Discriminative sensations B. Crude sensations C. Voluntary movement D. Visceral organ activity 44. A viral infection of the posterior roots of the spinal column like Herpes Zoster would primarily present with A. Autonomic dysfunction B. Sensory symptoms C. Incoordination D. Involuntary movements 45. Which area of the spinal cord has the poorest blood supply? A. T8 to L4 B. T4 to T9 C. C7 to T2 D. C2 to C6 46. The spinal roots are susceptible to compression injury because of the absence of the __________ which begins to be seen only in spinal nerves and its peripheral branches. A. Epineurium and perineurium B. Dura mater C. Myelin sheaths D. Arachnoid and pia mater 47. A common route for metastasis to the spinal cord is through the A. Anterior spinal artery B. Posterior spinal artery C. Artery of Adamkiewicz D. Batsons plexus 48. The spinal cord is anchored by the filum terminale internum to A. L5 spine B. S1 spine C. S5 spine D. Ccoccyx 49. The filum terminale externum is also known as the A. Lumbosacral ligament B. Coccygeal ligament C. Dentate ligament D. Medullary ligament 50. In an adult, the spinal cord terminates at the level of the A. Superior border of L1 B. Superior border of L2 C. Superior border of L3 D. Superior border of L4 51. The spinal nerve that exits between the L2 and L3 vertebrae is spinal nerve A. L1 B. L2 C. L3 D. L4 52. In the reflex arc responsible for the muscle stretch response such as the knee jerk and biceps reflex the neural structure that causes the quadriceps and bicep muscles to contract is the A. Pseudounipolar neuron B. Spinal cord gray matter C. White rami communicantes D. Lower motor neuron 53. The reticulospinal tracts modulate the posture and position of the trunk and proximal limbs by synapsing with cell bodies of neurons located in the A. Lateral aspect of the anterior horn of the spinal cord B. Medial aspect of the anterior horn of the spinal cord C. Most anterior or peripheral areas of the anterior horn of the spinal cord D. Central areas of the posterior horn of the spinal cord 54. Lamina II of the spinal cord is also known as the A. Clarkes column B. Posteromarginal nucleus C. Nucleus propius D. Substantia gelatinosa 55. Which of the following structures is damaged when a patient has lost the ability to sense temperature and other harmful sensations

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REVIEWER: SECOND SEMESTRAL EVALUATION IN HUMAN ANATOMY DE LA SALLE HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE - COLLEGE OF MEDICINE - BATCH 2016
A. B. C. D. Lateral lemniscus Medial lemniscus Anterolateral tracts Reticulospinal tracts

56. The loss of head and eye coordination will result if this neural structure is damaged A. Rubrospinal tract B. Tectospinal tract C. Spinocerebellar tract D. Corticospinal tract 57. The ventral and dorsal spinocerebellar tracts are found in the _________ column of the spinal cord. A. Anterior B. Lateral C. Posterior D. Central 58. A flaccid type of paralysis combined with the loss of the muscle stretch reflexes such as that seen in the motor neuron diseases is seen in lesions that affect A. Area 4 B. Internal capsule C. Corticospinal tract D. Lamina IX 59. In the three neuron plan of the somatic sensory pathways the cell body of the third order neuron is located in the A. Cerebral cortex B. Diencephalon C. Brainstem D. Spinal cord 60. The precentral gyrus is the location of the cell bodies of the A. Anterior limb of the internal capsule B. Axons that form the pyramids of the medulla C. Corticospinal tract in the dorsal column of the cord D. Tracts found in the tegmentum of the brainstem 61. A descending pathway that primarily regulates the lower motor neurons innervating the anti-gravity or extensor muscles is the A. Rubrospinal tract B. Corticospinal tract C. Tectospinal tract D. Vestibulospinal tract 62. This neuroanatomic structure separates the caudate nucleus from the putamen A. Fasciculus lenticularis B. Ansa lenticularis C. Anterior limb of internal capsule D. Posterior limb of internal capsule 63. In decorticate rigidity the loss of cortical inhibition on this tract results in an increase in the flexor tone of the upper limbs A. Reticulospinal B. Vestibulospinal C. Tectospinal D. Rubrospinal 64. The retention of learned and stereotyped movements is primarily a function of the A. Precentral gyrus B. Premotor & supplementary motor cortex C. Extrapyramidal system D. Cerebellum 65. Chorea is a movement disorder that strongly suggests that there is a lesion involving the A. Substantia nigra B. Lentiform nucleus C. Subthalamus D. Red nucleus 66. When a stroke patient presents with hemiballismus it is very likely that he/she has an ischemic lesion affecting the A. Frontal lobe corona radiata B. Posterior limb of the internal capsule C. Diencephalon D. Midbrain 67. The specific role of the supplementary motor cortex is to A. Provide attitudinal movements and fix proximal limb segments when performing specific tasks B. Visual guidance of motor performance C. Organizes goal-directed behavior and movement planning D. Control body patterns of coordinated muscle activity 68. The premotor area is located in A. Area 3, 1 and 2 B. Area 4 C. Area 6 D. Area 8 69. The supplementary motor area is located in

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REVIEWER: SECOND SEMESTRAL EVALUATION IN HUMAN ANATOMY DE LA SALLE HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE - COLLEGE OF MEDICINE - BATCH 2016
A. B. C. D. Area 4 Area 6 Area 8 Basal nuclei

70. The output nucleus of the basal nuclei is the A. Caudate nucleus B. Putamen C. Lentiform nucleus D. Globus pallidus 71. The part of the basal nuclei that receives all Information coming from various gyri of the cerebral cortex is the A. Striatum B. Nucleus accumbens C. Lentiform nucleus D. Globus pallidus 72. Which part of the thalamus receives motor information from the extrapyramidal system. A. Centromedian and intralaminar nuclei B. Pulvinar C. Ventroposterolateral and ventroposteromedial nuclei D. Ventroanterior and ventrolateral nuclei 73. The part of the basal nuclei that primarily participates in the limbic loop or circuit is the A. Globus pallidus B. Caudate nucleus C. Putamen D. Nucleus accumbens 74. The caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens are collectively known as the A. Lentiform nucleus B. Basal nuclei C. Neostriatum D. Corpus striatum 75. The MRI of a stroke patient showed a lacunar (this is a small ischemic lesion) infarct in the basal nucleus area and presents only with facial asymmetry and a mild dysarthria. You suspect that the specific site of the lesion would be at the A. Anterior limb internal capsule B. Genu C. Posterior limb internal capsule D. Subrenticular fibers 76. The cerebellar tract that carries information from mechanoreceptors of the upper limbs to the cerebellar cortex is the A. Dorsal spinocerebellar tract B. Anterior spinocerebellar tract C. Fastigial tract D. Cuneocerebellar tract 77. The lateral descending pathways refer to the _________ tracts A. Rubrospinal and corticospinal B. Reticulospinal and rubrospinal C. Vestibulospinal and corticospinal D. Reticulospinal and tectospinal 78. The deep cerebellar nuclei that delivers information from the part of the cerebellar cortex responsible for the modulation and planning of movement to the cerebral cortex through the thalamus is the ______ nucleus A. Fastigial B. Dentate C. Emboliform D. Globose 79. The interposed nuclei is the combination of the __________________ nuclei A. Emboliform and globose B. Dentate and fastigial C. Dentate and emboliform D. Globose and fastigial 80. The tracts that relay information from the spinocerebellum to the lower motor neuron are the A. Medial longitudinal fasciculus B. Lateral lemniscus C. Lateral descending pathways D. Medial descending pathways BY: DR. RAMONA PABLO-SANTOS 81. The following are potential spaces in the central nervous system, EXCEPT: A. Epidural space of the cranium B. Epidural space of the spine C. Subdural space of the cranium D. Subdural space of the spine 82. The major folds of the meninges are derived from the: A. periosteal layer of the dura B. meningeal layer of the dura

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REVIEWER: SECOND SEMESTRAL EVALUATION IN HUMAN ANATOMY DE LA SALLE HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE - COLLEGE OF MEDICINE - BATCH 2016
C. D. subarachnoid mater both A & B

83. Which of the following blood vessels may be a source of an epidural hematoma? A. Middle meningeal artery B. Superior Sagittal sinus C. Middle cerebral artery D. Great cerebral vein of Galen 84. Which of the following dural folds divide the cerebral hemispheres in the sagittal plane? A. Falx cerebri B. Tentorium cerebelli C. Falx cerebelli D. Diaphragma sella 85. A bacterial infection found in the right nostril may have a potential to spread to which of the following dural venous sinuses and present with headaches and vision loss? A. Superior Sagittal sinus B. Inferior Sagittal sinus C. Cavernous sinus D. Confluence of sinuses 86. The denticulate ligaments of the spinal cord are derivatives of the: A. Dura mater B. Arachnoid mater C. Pia mater D. Both B & C 87. Leptomeninges are also another term for: A. Dura mater B. Arachnoid mater C. Pia mater D. Both B & C 88. Which of the following structures lack the blood brain barrier? A. Pineal body B. Basal ganglia C. Mammillary body D. colliculi 89. A patient has been diagnosed as having a stroke and presents with a lower extremity weakness. Which of the following cerebral arteries supply the area of the brain affected? A. Anterior cerebral B. Middle cerebral C. Posterior cerebral D. Basilar 90. A patient has been diagnosed as having a stroke and presents with vision loss. Which of the following cerebral arteries supply the area of the brain affected? A. Anterior cerebral B. Middle cerebral C. Posterior cerebral D. Basilar 91. The lenticulostriate arteries that supply the basal ganglia are branches of which of the following cerebral arteries? A. Anterior cerebral B. Middle cerebral C. Posterior cerebral D. Basilar II. Matching Type For Nos. 92-96 BDACD Match the Adult Brain derivatives in column A with its associated ventricular space in column B. COLUMN A __B__ 92. dorsal thalamus __D__ 93. medulla __A__ 94. basal ganglia __C__ 95. superior & inferior colliculi __D__ 96. pons COLUMN B A. lateral ventricles B. third ventricle C. cerebral aqueduct D. fourth ventricle

III. Illustration. (5 points) Directions: 1. In a separate paper, draw and label the Circle of Willis.

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REVIEWER: SECOND SEMESTRAL EVALUATION IN HUMAN ANATOMY DE LA SALLE HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE - COLLEGE OF MEDICINE - BATCH 2016

BY: DR. TATA SY-SANTOS

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