CHAPTER 25

America Moves to the City, 1865-1900

IV. SINGL -ANS! " M#L$I%L C&'IC .
Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
1. The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil ar decades was a. uniquely American. b. fueled by an agricultural system suffering from poor production levels. c. attributable to the closing of the frontier. d. a trend that affected !urope as well. e. a result of natural reproduction. ". The ma#or factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was a. the development of the skyscraper. b. the availability of industrial #obs. c. the compact nature of those large communities. d. the advent of new housing structures known as dumbbell tenements. e. the lure of cultural e$citement. %. &ne of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America was a. the development of factories. b. the 'ears catalog. c. advertising billboards. d. public transportation systems. e. the rise of large department stores. (. a. b. c. d. e. hich one of the following has the least in common with the other four) slums dumbbell tenements bedroom communities flophouses the *+ung ,lock-

.. The /ew 0mmigrants who came to the 1nited 'tates after 1223 a. had e$perience with democratic governments. b. arrived primarily from 4ermany5 'weden5 and /orway. c. were culturally different from previous immigrants. d. received a warm welcome from the &ld 0mmigrants. e. represented nonwhite racial groups. 6. Most 0talian immigrants to the 1nited 'tates between 1223 and 17"3 came to escape a. political oppression. b. famine. c. the political disintegration of their country. d. the military draft. e. the poverty and backwardness of southern 0taly. 8. A *bird of passage- was an immigrant who a. came to the 1nited 'tates to live permanently.

b. c. d. e.

only passed through America on his or her way to Canada. was unmarried. came to America to work for a short time and then returned to !urope. flew from #ob to #ob.

2. Most /ew 0mmigrants a. eventually returned to their county of origin. b. tried to preserve their &ld Country culture in America. c. were sub#ected to stringent immigration restrictions. d. quickly assimilated into the mainstream of American life. e. converted to mainstream 9rotestantism. 7. 0n the new urban environment5 most liberal 9rotestants a. believed that a final :udgment ;ay was coming soon. b. were driven out of mainstream seminaries and colleges. c. welcomed ecumenical conversations with <oman Catholics. d. sharply critici=ed American society and American government. e. re#ected biblical literalism and adapted religious ideas to modem culture. 13. The ;arwinian theory of organic evolution through natural selection affected American religion by a. turning most scientists against religion. b. creating a split between religious conservatives who denied evolution and *accomodationists- who supported it. c. raising awareness of the close spiritual kinship between animals and human beings. d. causing a revival of the doctrine of original sin. e. sparking the rise of new denominations based on modem science. 11. 'ettlement houses such as >ull >ouse engaged in all of the following activities except a. child care. b. instruction in !nglish. c. cultural activities. d. instruction in socialism. e. social reform lobbying. 1". The place that offered the greatest opportunities for American women in the period 126.-1733 was a. the big city. b. the est. c. suburban communities. d. rural America. e. /ew !ngland. 1%. 0n the 1273s5 positions for women as secretaries5 department store clerks5 and telephone operators were largely reserved for a. :ews. b. 0rish. c. African Americans. d. the college-educated. e. the native born. 1(. +abor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants were all of the following e$cept a. opposed to factory labor. b. used as strikebreakers.

c. willing to work for lower wages. d. difficult to unioni=e. e. non-!nglish speaking. 1.. The American 9rotective Association a. preached the social gospel that churches were obligated to protect /ew 0mmigrants. b. was led for many years by ?lorence @elley and :ane Addams. c. supported immigration restrictions. d. established settlement houses in several ma#or cities in order to aid /ew 0mmigrants. e. sought to organi=e mutual-aid associations. 16. The religious denomination that responded most favorably to the /ew 0mmigration was a. <oman Catholics. b. ,aptists. c. !piscopalians. d. Christian 'cientists. e. Mormons. 18. The new5 research-oriented modem American university tended to a. focus primarily on theory rather than practical sub#ects. b. give a new emphasis to the importance of religion and cultural tradition. c. take the lead in movements of social and political reform. d. challenge Charles ;arwinAs theory of organic evolution and natural selection. e. de-emphasi=e religious and moral instruction in favor of practical sub#ects and professional speciali=ation. 12. The *pragmatists- were a school of American philosophers who emphasi=ed a. the provisional and fallible nature of knowledge and value of ideas that solved problems. b. that ideas were largely worthless and only practical e$perience should be pursued. c. that the traditional 4reek ideals of 9lato and Aristotle should be revived. d. that scientific e$perimentation provided a new and absolutely certain basis for knowledge. e. most academic knowledge was based on *bourgeois- ideas that oppressed the working class. 17. Americans offered growing support for a free public education system a. to combat the growing strength of Catholic parochial schools. b. when the Chautauqua movement began to decline. c. because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citi=ens. d. when private schools began to fold. e. as a way of identifying an intellectual elite. "3. ,ooker T. ashington believed that the key to political and civil rights for African Americans was a. the vote. b. rigorous academic training. c. the re#ection of accommodationist attitudes. d. to directly challenge white supremacy. e. economic independence. "1. The post-civil ar era witnessed a. an increase in compulsory school-attendance laws. b. the collapse of the Chautauqua movement. c. re#ection of the 4erman system of kindergartens. d. a slow rise in the illiteracy rate.

e. an emphasis on liberal arts colleges. "". As a leader of the African American community5 ,ooker T. ashington a. helped to found the /ational Association for the Advancement of Colored 9eople. b. advocated social equality. c. discovered hundreds of uses for the peanut. d. promoted black self-help but did not challenge segregation. e. promoted black political activism. "%. That a *talented tenth- of American blacks should lead the race to full social and political equality with whites was the view of a. 4eorge ashington Carver b. ,ooker T. ashington. c. 0da ,. ells. d. . !. ,. ;u ,ois. e. 9aul +aurence ;unbar. "(. The Morrill Act of 126" a. established womenAs colleges like Bassar. b. required compulsory school attendance through high school. c. established the modem American research university. d. mandated racial integration in public schools. e. granted public lands to states to support higher education. ".. ,lack leader ;r. . !. ,. ;u ,ois a. demanded complete equality for African Americans. b. established an industrial school at Tuskegee5 Alabama. c. supported the goals of ,ooker T. ashington. d. was an e$-slave who rose to fame. e. none of the above. "6. 0n the decades after the Civil ar5 college education for women a. became more difficult to obtain. b. was confined to womenAs colleges. c. became much more common. d. resulted in the passage of the >atch Act. e. blossomed especially in the 'outh.

"8.

hich of the following was not among the ma#or new research universities founded in the post-Civil ar era) a. >arvard 1niversity b. the 1niversity of California c. :ohns >opkins 1niversity d. the 1niversity of Chicago e. 'tanford 1niversity

"2. ;uring the industrial revolution5 life e$pectancy a. decreased. b. changed very little. c. was much higher in !urope than in the 1nited 'tates. d. measurably increased. e. rose for women more than men. "7. The public library movement across America was greatly aided by the generous financial support from a. the federal governmentAs Morrill Act. b. Andrew Carnegie. c. :ohn ;. <ockefeller. d. local *friends of the library.e. womenAs organi=ations. %3. American newspapers e$panded their circulation and public attention by a. printing hard-hitting editorials. b. crusading for social reform. c. repudiating the tactics of :oseph 9ulit=er and illiam <andolph >earst. d. focusing on coverage of the local community and avoiding syndicated material. e. printing sensationalist stories of se$ and scandal. %1. >enry 4eorge believed that the root of social inequality and social in#ustice lay in a. stock speculators and financiers who manipulated the price of real goods and services. b. labor unions that artificially drove up the prices of wages and therefore goods. c. landowners who gained unearned wealth from rising land values. d. businesspeople who gained e$cessive profits by e$ploiting workers. e. patriarchal ideologies that regarded women as inferior domestic beings. %". >enry 4eorge argued that the windfall real estate profits caused by rising land prices should be a. ta$ed at a 133 percent rate by the government. b. used to provide low-rent housing for the poor. c. saved and invested for the benefit of the community. d. looked on as the inevitable consequence of *the survival of the fittest.e. prevented through communal land ownership. %%. 4eneral +ewis allaceAs book Ben Hur a. achieved success only after his death. b. was based on a popular early movie. c. emphasi=ed that virtue5 honesty5 and hard work were rewarded by success. d. detailed allaceAs e$periences in the Civil ar. e. defended Christianity against ;arwinism. %(. Match each of these late-nineteenth-century writers with the theme of his work. A. +ewis allace ,. >oratio Alger C. >enry :ames ;. illiam ;ean >owells 1. success and honor as the products of honesty and hard work ". anti-;arwinism support for the >oly 'criptures %. contemporary social problems like divorce5 labor strikes and socialism (. psychological realism and the dilemmas of sophisticated women.

a. A-(5 ,-"5 C-%5 ;-l b. A-15 ,-%5 C-"5 ;-(

c. A-"5 ,-15 C-(5 ;-% d. A-%5 ,-(5 C-05 ;-" e. A-(5 ,-%5 C-"5 ;-l %.. American novelistsA turn from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged social realism reflected the a. influence of +atin American literature. b. heightened awareness of racial problems. c. higher educational level of their readers. d. materialism and conflicts of the new industrial society. e. growing prominence of women writers. %6. hich of the following prominent post-Civil ar writers did not reflect the increased attention to social problems by those from less affluent backgrounds) a. Mark Twain. b. illiam ;ean >owells. c. 'tephen Crane. d. @ate Chopin. e. >enry Adams.

%8. 0n the decades after the Civil ar5 changes in se$ual attitudes and practices were reflected in all of the following e$cept a. soaring divorce rates. b. the spreading practice of birth control. c. more children being born out of wedlock. d. increasingly frank discussion of se$ual topics. e. more women working outside the home. %2. 0n the course of the late nineteenth century5 a. the birthrate increased. b. the divorce rate fell. c. family si=e gradually declined. d. people tended to marry at an earlier age. e. children were seen as a greater economic asset. %7. ,y 17335 advocates of womenAs suffrage a. acknowledged that women were biologically weaker than men but claimed that they deserved the vote anyway. b. temporarily abandoned the movement for the vote. c. formed strong alliances with African Americans seeking voting rights. d. argued that the vote would enable women to e$tend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world. e. insisted on the inherent political and moral equality of men and women. (3. &ne of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce rate in the late nineteenth century was the a. decline in farm income. b. stresses of urban life. c. emerging feminist movement. d. passage of more liberal divorce laws. e. decline of religious organi=ations. (1. The /ational American oman 'uffrage Association a. achieved its central political goal in 1272.

b. conducted an integrated campaign for equal rights. c. abandoned the goals of 'usan Anthony and !li=abeth Cady 'tanton. d. elected 0da ,. ells as its president. e. limited its membership to whites. (". The growing prohibition movement especially reflected the concerns of a. the new immigrants. b. big business. c. the poor and working classes. d. middle class women. e. industrial labor unions. (%. The term Richardsonian in the late nineteenth century pertained to a. sculpture. b. novels. c. painting. d. music. e. architecture. ((. ;uring industriali=ation5 Americans increasingly a. had less free time. b. outlawed cruel and violent sports like bo$ing. c. became less involved in physical sports and games. d. shared a common and standardi=ed popular culture. e. fragmented into diverse consumer markets. (.. a. b. c. d. e. hich of the following sports was not developed in the decades following the Civil basketball bicycling croquet college football baseball ar)