Chemicals & Human Health Website www.biology.arizone.

edu/chh

Toxicology Problem Set N !"#

Chemicals & Human Health Toxicology Problem Set# Student Sheet %irections nswer the &re'(uestions )circle the answer in the Pre'*uestions column+. -o to the website www.biology.arizona.edu/chh and clic. on the lin. to the Toxicology Problem Set. C. Write the correct answer in the column labeled Correct nswer. ll o/ the answers can be /ound in the Toxicology Problem Set. %. "x&lain the correct answer.
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Pre'*uestions
)circle the answer you thin. is correct+

Corre ct ns wer
)write the letter o/ the correct answer /rom the website+

"x&lain
)ex&lain the correct answer+

Which statement is the most correct0 . Chemicals manu/actured by humans are more dangerous to human health than naturally occurring chemicals. ,. ,oth natural and human'made chemicals are &otentially toxic to humans. C. Naturally occurring chemicals are more &oisonous to humans than synthetic chemicals. 3ne o/ the items below is a hazardous substance. 4our are sources o/ a hazardous substances. Which one is a hazardous substance0 . clogged /urnace ,. cigarette C. a dog %. &aint a&&lied be/ore 5678 ". dust mite &arts

-i1e an exam&le o/ each Natural toxic substance# 2attle sna.e &oison.

!an'made toxic substance# %%T

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What is a common health e//ect o/ this hazard0 llergic reactions What is the source /or this hazard0 %ust mites 9ist : additional exam&les o/ a hazard and its source# 9ead# &aint a&&lied be/ore 5678 !old s&ores# molds which are /ound in wet &laces li.e the shower.

www.biology.arizone.edu/chh Which o/ the /ollowing is N3T a &ossible route o/ entry /or a hazard0 . ingestion ,. absor&tion C. ex&osure %. inhalation

Toxicology Problem Set

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N !"# %escribe the &rimary ways a hazard can enter the body# Through the gut called ingestion; through the s.in called absor&tion; through the lungs called inhalation. Which route o/ entry may result in more o/ the toxicant in the blood and why0 <ngestion or inhalation because you are directly &utting this substance into your body.

www.biology.arizone.edu/chh N !"#

Toxicology Problem Set

When %%T; a &esticide; enters the human body; it is . . water soluble and is easily excreted in urine. ,. stored in the bones. C. not toxic; but is &rocessed by enzymes and becomes a di//erent com&ound which is toxic. %. /at soluble and can be stored in /at tissue. Who too. the largest dosage o/ as&irin0 . an adult woman who weighs 5:= lbs. and too. >?? mg o/ as&irin ,. a teenage boy who weighs 5>= lbs. and too. $?? mg o/ as&irin C. a baby who weighs :? lbs. and too. 5?? mg o/ as&irin %. a chihuahua who weighs = lbs. and too. =? mg o/ as&irin Which will N3T hel& you determine the dose o/ a hazardous gas recei1ed by a &erson0 . their res&iration rate

%e/ine solubility# Whether it can dissol1e in water or li&ids. What ty&e o/ chemical is more easily eliminated /rom the body; water'soluble or /at'soluble0 Water soluble ,ased on your answer abo1e; is %%T easily eliminated /rom our bodies0 Why0 No it is not easily eliminated /rom our bodies because it gets stored in /ats and can remain in our bodies /or a long time.

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%e/ine dose#

s&eci/ic amount o/ a chemical that enters the body.

. Calculate the dose /or each &erson/animal in the (uestion )show your calculations and include units+# >??/5:=@:.Amg/lb $??/5>=@A.A mg/lb 5??/:?@Amg/lb =?/=@5?mg/lb

C.

Will the dose be higher or lower i/# a &erson breathes more ra&idly0

,. their length o/ ex&osure to the gas C. the source o/ the gas %. their /re(uency o/ ex&osure to the gas ". the concentration o/ the gas 4. the gasBs chemical and biological &ro&erties

higher a &erson is ex&osed once0 lower a &erson is ex&osed o1er years0 higher the gas is easily absorbed0 higher 8

www.biology.arizone.edu/chh N !"#

Toxicology Problem Set

www.biology.arizone.edu/chh N !"# !ost hazardous substances exhibit a Cdose'res&onse relationshi&.C What does this mean0 . The harm caused by the hazard increases as the amount o/ hazard entering the body )dose+ increases. ,. <t does not matter how big a dose you recei1e; you will always ha1e same amount o/ harm/sic.ness. C. "x&osure to the hazard always results in harm. %. 4i/ty &ercent o/ the &eo&le will die when ex&osed to ?.5 mg/.g. /amily home has a clogged /urnace that is &roducing carbon monoxide; a hazardous gas. Which /amily member is li.ely to be harmed the most0 . ,illy; the son who is in 5st grade ,. ,aby Shea; who is going to be in &reschool next year C. Darla; the nanny who cares /or the toddler e1ery wee.day morning %. !s. Nguyen; the mother who wor.s at home. ". !r. Nguyen; the /ather who wor.s at the Eni1ersity ll o/ the &eo&le listed below li1e in the same house. Who is most li.ely to ex&erience toxic e//ects /rom the second'hand smo.e0 . the grandmother; who is 1ery /it ,. the mother; who smo.es C. the /ather; who smo.es %. the teenage daughter; who has asthma ". the son; who is in =th grade %raw a dose'res&onse cur1e#

Toxicology Problem Set

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-i1e : reasons /or your answer#. She is the youngest and smallest &erson in her house; S&ends the most time in his house along with the mother.

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"x&lain your answer# Her lungs are already ex&eriencing an illness. She is more ill than the other /amily members and is more &rone to secondhand smo.e.

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www.biology.arizone.edu/chh There are se1eral ways to control or reduce your ex&osure to a hazard. 3&ening a window in a room /ull o/ &eo&le who are smo.ing is an exam&le o/ controlling your ex&osure to en1ironmental tobacco smo.e by . . treating the sym&toms o/ the hazard ,. diluting the hazard C. distancing yoursel/ /rom the hazard %. remo1ing the hazard Which en1ironmental health scientist would determine ways to &re1ent and reduce ex&osure to second hand smo.e0

Toxicology Problem Set

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N !"# "x&lain your answer# -i1e : additional exam&les o/ how to control or reduce ex&osure to a hazard# 2emo1ing the source o/ the hazard Wearing &rotecti1e gear.

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%o any o/ the careers described in this (uestion interest you0 Why or why not0 < am interested in a e&idemiologist because they get to in1estigate grou&s o/ &eo&le and see why they got these diseases. This seems li.e an interesting Fob because you get to be a detecti1e.

5. a toxicologist :. an e&idemiologist >. an industrial hygienist A. an occu&ational and

en1ironmental medicine &hysician =. a &harmacologist

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