Primary Sources A Look Back at the Fall. 1989. Photograph. Huffington Post, Berlin. Huffington Post. Web. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/11/08/berlin-wall-photos-alook_n_350263.html>.

Brokaw, Tom, dir. "The Berlin Wall Falls 1989 NBC Coverage." NBC News. NBC. 10 Nov. 1989. Television. Germany. Federal Republic of Germany. Freedom of Assembly. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Legislation Online. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. <http://legislationline.org/topics/country/28/topic/15>. Germany. Federal Republic of Germany. Freedom of Movement within State Territory. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Legislation Online. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. <http://legislationline.org/topics/subtopic/44/ topic/10/country/28>. Klunk, Beverly Herrink. The Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin of September 3, 1971: Influence and Alliance Politics. N.p.: n.p., 1980. Print. Reagan, Ronald. "Ronald Reagan Remarks at the Brandenburg Gate." Speech. 12 June 1987. American Rhetoric. Web. President Ronald Reagan was in West Berlin delivering this speech that was heard throughout East Berlin, Western Europe, and North America on June 12, 1987. President Reagan gave this speech to inform the people of East Berlin that the United States, along with many other allying countries, were on their side, and hoped to destroy the Berlin Wall. With this information, the speech demonstrated that the United States supported the destruction of the wall and the unification of Berlin again. This unification was demonstrated especially when President Reagan said to the global audience, Es gibt nur ein Berlin (There is only one Berlin). President Reagan also stated that the people of East Berlin had lost their rights to freely travel across Berlin and that the U.S., along with British and French forces, felt that they had the responsibility to assist the people of East Berlin, to bring freedom, hope, and unity to all of Berlin, and to enlighten the minds of young Berliners. This speech directly offered the United States outlook on the presence of the Berlin Wall until it was finally destroyed in 1989, which allowed a distinction to be made between these views and those of the German governments. Ulbricht, Walter. "Letter from Ulbricht to Khrushchev." Letter to Nikita Khrushchev. 15 Sept. 1961. MS. N.p. This letter from German communist politician Walter Ulbricht to Soviet Union leader Nikita Khrushchev was written on September 15, 1961, about one month after the Berlin Wall began construction. The letter was written to inform Khrushchev of the progress that was being made in Berlin with the recent separation of East and West Berlin. Ulbricht included a list of achievements that were gained by constructing the wall, which gave the responsibilities that German governments felt they needed to offer to the

Germans, including the protection of the German Democratic Republic from military actions and civil war of West Berlin. This letter allowed a contrast to be made between the Germans and opposing countries viewpoints to better explain the responsibilities that the German government felt they owed to their citizens. The section that states information about the factories and workers helped to draw in the German citizens views on the Berlin Wall and how it was effecting them and the whole economic system of both sides of Berlin. Secondary Sources Kempe, Frederick. Berlin 1961: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Most Dangerous Place on Earth. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 2011. Print. Kenny, Jack. "The Wall, Hiding Shame." MAS Ultra - School Edition. EBSCO, 22 Aug. 2011. Web. This article was written by Jack Kenny, an American historical writer, about the importance of the Berlin Wall to the Germans. One of the main arguments made in the article was that the Berlin Wall was originally created by the German government to prevent the continual fleeing of Germans from East Berlin to the West. Also, the article described that the working conditions in East Berlin after the wall was created were much harsher than those of West Berlin. The specific information about how the Germans received permission to build the wall and how the Americans and other countries came to the aid of East Berlin offered an incite into the reasons behind the wall and how it had dramatically effected not only the lives of Berliners, but also those of allying countries, including America. The section titled A Strategy Reworked stated information about the original responsibility of the German government with the Berlin Wall, which was to protect the Germans from military powers of the West. The author stated that with the destruction of the wall, Germany became a reunified country and a free republic. Sebestyen, Victor. Revolution 1989: The Fall of the Soviet Empire. New York: Pantheon, 2009. Print. Selvage, Douglas, trans. "New Evidence on the Berlin Crisis 1958-1962." Cold War International History Project Bulletin 11 (n.d.): 200-29. Wilson Center. Web. Douglas Selvage translated, annotated, and wrote the introduction to this article in the Cold War International History Project Bulletin. Selvage is currently a research specialist in the history of Berlin, the Soviet Union, and Germany, with major publications of articles including reports on Soviet-American Relations. This article by Selvage described events in German before the Berlin Wall was built, which included the initial announcement by Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, to turn control of Berlin by the Soviet Union over to the German Democratic Republic. The article described that Khrushchev seemed unmotivated and unwilling to negotiate the control by Western powers over Berlin. The description of a conference with Polish party members allowed the outlook of German government to be seen. Also, the article described the West

German reaction to the possible war and control of Berlin. The article overall provided German opinions of the Cold War and the possible solutions and peace treaties that the country would need to initiate to avoid a civil war. Taylor, Fred. The Berlin Wall: A World Divided, 1961-1989. New York: Harper Perennial, 2008. Print.