Cork Institute of Technology

Bachelor of Engineering (Honours) in Structural Engineering- Award (NFQ Level 8)

Autumn 2006 Advanced Structural Design (Time: 4 Hours)

Instructions 1. Attempt two questions from Section A and the questions from Sections B and C. 2. Use separate Answer books for each Section. 3. Candidates may refer to: BSI-PP7312: Extracts from British Standards for students of Structural Design and other approved design aids. Examiners: Mr T Corcoran Prof P ODonoghue Mr S Lowe Mr M P Mannion Mr L ODriscoll

A1

The unbraced, 800 mm x 500 mm, reinforced concrete bridge pier of Fig.QA2 may be assumed fully fixed at the base and free at the top. Design the pier to the requirements of BS 8110 and draw a cross section showing the reinforcement. Use 12 mm links and a maximum of 32 mm main steel. Characteristic loading NGk NQk HQk Wrconc Exposure fcu fy = = = = = = = 600kN 400kN 150kN 24kN/m3 Moderate 35N/mm2 460N/mm2 (Type 2 deformed) (25

(Attached information:- Design Chart No. 34 ex BS8110:Part 3). Marks) A2

Fig. QA2 gives details of a battened steel column consisting of 2 x 203 x 76 channels spaced at 300 mm as shown. The battens are spaced at 1000 mm centres, with the end battens being 260 x 6 mm and the intermediate ones being 160 x 6 mm. The overall length (L) of the battened member is 8000 mm and the overall effective lengths may be assumed as, LEX = 0.85L and LEY = 1.0L . Check the adequacy of the column under a design axial compressive load of 900 kN. Assume that the battens do not buckle. Steel grade is S275. (Attached information:- Clause 4.7.9 ex BS 5950:Part 1; pp 48 & 49 ex Section Property Tables). (25 Marks)

A3

Fig. Q3A gives details of the trial section for a fin wall of a warehouse building. The wall is 8 m high from d.p.c level to the supported flat roof level, and the fins project on the external face. Check the flexural adequacy of the trial section under a characteristic wind pressure of 0.8 kN/m2. The wall is constructed from 15 N, 215 mm x 102.5 mm x 65 mm clay bricks, having water absorption of 7 to 12%. The bricks are set in a grade (iii) mortar with special/normal control on manufacturing/construction. Wbrickwork = 20 kN/m3 (25 Marks)

(Attached information:- (Fig. 10 Ex. BS 5628:Part1).

Section B
B1(a) An uncovered overground circular reinforced concrete water storage tank is required. The tank shall have a capacity of 750,000 litres. The walls should not include movement joints. Assume an internal wall height of 6.5m, including a 500mm freeboard. Base thickness is 500mm. Assume a sliding joint at the base. Design the main and distribution steel for each wall to BS 8007, using the following checks: (i) (ii) Calculate minimum thermal steel requirements. This must be less than 0.2mm. Clearly state any design assumptions made. Design information: fcu = 35 N/mm2 Es = 200 KN/mm2 DT = 300C = Temperature change Assume soil bearing capacity is adequate. Maximum design crack width = 0.2mm fy = 460 N/mm2 Ec = 13.3 KN/mm2 aconc = 12 x 10-6 / 0 C (coefficient of thermal expansion of mature concrete) (2 marks) (8 marks) Calculate the maximum crack width in the walls for mature concrete.

B1(b)

Compare the design of the tank in B1(a) above with a similar tank, which is square on plan, and where the walls are fully fixed to the base. All other conditions as for B1(a) apply. (i) (ii) Calculate the maximum horizontal and vertical moments in the walls for serviceability limit states. (4 marks) Design the steel for each of the walls, for a maximum crack width of 0.2mm. Calculate the actual crack width for each of the zones below : a. Vertical steel, outside face b. Horizontal steel, outside face c. Vertical steel, inside face. (iii) Calculate minimum thermal steel requirements. (9 marks) (2 marks)

DSE4 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DESIGN SECTION B ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

ASSESSMENT OF CRACK WIDTHS IN FLEXURE Depth to Neutral Axis, x (elastic theory) x = ae r (( 1 + 2/ ae r)0.5- 1) d Steel stress fs = M/z.As e1 = (h x) fs / (d x) Es e2 = b (h x)2 / 3 Es As (d x) e m = e 1 - e2 (For a limiting design surface crack of 0.2mm) BS 8007:Appendix B:Section B.2 (Assume ae = 15)

z = {1-(0.97 . As . fy / fcu . b . d)} d = d x/3

w = 3 acr em / {1 + {2 (acr cmin) / (h x)}}

THERMAL AND MOISTURE CRACKING rcrit = 0.0035 for high yield steel smax = (fct / fcb) x (f / 2 r) where: fct / fb = 2/3 smax = maximum crack spacing r = Steel ratio f = Size of each reinforcing bar wmax = smax (a / 2) DT BS 8007:Appendix A : Section A.3 BS 8007: Table A.1

ASSESSMENT OF CRACK WIDTHS IN DIRECT TENSION fs < 0.8 fy / Es w = 3. acr .em em = e1 - e2 e2 = 2. bt .h / 3. Es .As

BS 8007:Appendix A : Section B.5

DSE4 Advanced Structural Design - Section B Attachment B1

DSE4 Advanced Structural Design - Section B Attachment B2

DSE4 Advanced Structural Design - Section B Attachment B3 Limiting moments (kNm), service steel stresses (N/mm2) and ultimate shear capacity (kN/m)

DSE4 Advanced Structural Design - Section B Attachment B4 Limiting moments (kNm), service steel stresses (N/mm2) and ultimate shear capacity (kN/m)

Section C
Prestressed Concrete (answer All questions from this Section) A precast prestressed beam made composite with an in-situ reinforced concrete slab is shown in Figure C1. The total length of the beam is 10.0m. The span of the beam for both construction and working conditions is 9.0m and is simply supported for both conditions. The beam is not propped during the installation of the in-situ concrete slab. Loading: Unit weight of concrete in both beam and slab: = 24kN/m3 Uniformly distributed superimposed dead and live loads: W = 10kN/m (Including SLS load factors) over full span Material Properties: fcu = 60 N/mm2 fci = 40 N/mm2 The beams are Class 1 members Es = 200 kN/mm2 (Youngs Modulus for prestressing strands) Ec = 36 kN/mm2 (Youngs Modulus for precast concrete) Prestressing Strands: Each strand has an effective area of 100mm2 and is initially prestressed to a force of 140 kN. Using the attached Magnell Diagram Inequalities, construct a Magnell Diagram for the midspan of the beam assuming a prestress loss factor of R = 0.8 and using a total initial prestress value of P* = 1000kN. Determine the overall initial prestress P and eccentricity e for the prestressing strand layout indicated in Figure C2. Plot this P,e combination on your Magnell diagram and indicate whether or not the prestressing strand layout given in Figure C2 is acceptable. Mt = externally applied moment relevant to transfer conditions

Mc = externally applied moment carried by the beam alone relevant to working conditions Ma = minimum externally applied moment carried by the composite section relevant to working conditions Mb = maximum externally applied moment carried by the composite section relevant to working conditions Sign Convention: Sagging moment is positive Compressive stress is positive Distance below the neutral axis is positive