Project Report

PROJECT

REPORT

ON

XXXXXXXXXX

Submitted to Osmania University for the partia fu fi ment of the re!uirement for the A"ard of #e$ree for XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

#one

by

Mr. /Miss. XXXXXX

%%%%% Institute of Management & Computer Sciences

&yderabad

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Project Report

CERT'('CATE

This is to certify that Mr. XXXX, bearing Roll No. XXXXXXXXXXX ha e !e elope! Soft"are pro#ect title! XXXXXXXX for ))) SO(T*ARE SO+UT'ONS as a partial $ulfillment for the a"ar! of the %egree of XXXXXXX.

&EA# O( #EPART,ENT

PR'NC'PA+ %%% institute of ,ana$ement Computer Sciences

E%TERNA+

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AC.NO*+E#/,ENT

My e&press than's an! gratitu!e an! than's to (lmighty )o!, my parents an! other family members an! frien!s "ithout "hose uncontaine! support, I coul! not ha e ma!e this career in XXXX.

I "ish to place on my recor! my !eep sense of gratitu!e to my pro#ect gui!e, ,r0 %%%%%1 ))) Soft"are So utions1 &yderabad for his constant moti ation an! aluable help through the pro#ect "or'. *&press my gratitu!e to ,r0 %%%%, %irector of XXXXX 'nstitute of ,ana$ement - Computer Sciences for his aluable suggestions an! a! ices through out the XXX course. I also e&ten! my than's to other $aculties for their Cooperation !uring my Course.

$inally I "oul! li'e to than' my frien!s for their cooperation to complete this pro#ect.

XXXXXXX

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Project Report

ABSTRACT

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Project Report

This pro#ect is mainly !e elope! for the communication of *mployees of organi+ation locate! at !ifferent locations. The pro#ect entitle! , +ive ,eetin$- set of platform for the pro#ect lea!ers an! a!ministrator to sen! messages to 'eep constant interaction "ith the programmers. In the propose! system, the a!ministrator can communicate "ith the pro#ect lea!ers an! programmers an! can also maintain the login time an! logout time. .e can chat about the pro#ect going on "ith both the programmers an! pro#ect lea!ers. This pro#ect also maintains offline messages. The pro#ect lea!er gi es the instant report about the pro#ect to the a!ministrator. Through this Communication System, /hene er user logs0in into the system then login time is recor!e! in the a!ministrator1s system automatically. The a!ministrator can scan the present online users an! sen! the messages to single programmer ,set of programmers, pro#ect lea!er or Set of pro#ect lea!ers or all the employees "here er he/ she is present. This pro#ect ma'es the most of the te!ious an! mun!ane !es'"or' to minimi+e. This facilitates the user to concentrate more on the pro#ect an! less on the managing of these tas's. The soft"are is fully integrate! "ith CR, 2Customer Relationship Management3 as "ell as C,S 2Content Management System3 solution an! !e elope! in a manner that is easily manageable, time sa ing an! relie ing one from manual "or's. The proposed system maintains2 $re4uent interaction bet"een the a!ministrator an! the pro#ect lea!ers/programmers. (utomatically recor!ing the login time/logout time of the user. Maintaining on line an! offline Messages an! Message 5ie" *mployee .ierarchical

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Project Report

(unctiona components of the project3 $ollo"ing is a list of functionality of the system6 ,ESSA/E SEN#'N/3 In the large organi+ation there are a set of programmers, 7ro#ect lea!er an! (!ministrator. These programmers are sprea! through out the organi+ation into arious groups. 7ro#ect 8ea!ers are in nee! to constantly interact "ith the programmer1s in0groups sprea! o er organi+ation. It is !ifficult to go an! pass the message to each an! e er programmer in personal C&ATT'N/3 /hen a person "ants !irectly to communicate "ith the colleague, he/she can use this ser ice. If a person is in online that person can communicate "ith the other person through the system locate! at !ifferent location. 4'E* ,ESSA/ES3 This pro#ect consists of both online/offline messages. if the user is online he can !irectly interact "ith the other user. If the user is in offline he can ie" the message "hen he logins for the ne&t time. E,P+O5EE &'ERAC&'A+3 This pro#ect maintains hierarchy for the employees. (%MINISTR(T9R 7R9:*CT 8*(%*R 7R9)R(MM*RS +O/'N #ATE6T',E6 /hen the user logins the system, the login time is automatically recor!e!. +O/OUT #ATE6T',E6 /hen the user logouts the system, the logout time is automatically recor!e!. These 8ogin an! 8ogout time are monitore! by the a!ministrators/pro#ect lea!ers !epen!ing upon the hierarchy.

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CONTENTS
70 'NTRO#UCT'ON
INTR9%;CTI9N T9 7R9:*CT 9R)(NI<(TI9N 7R9$I8* 7;R79S* 9$ T.* 7R9:*CT 7R9=8*M IN *XISTIN) S>ST*M S98;TI9N 9$ T.*S* 7R9=8*MS

80 S5STE, ANA+5S'S
?.@. ?.?. ?.B. ?.C. ?.E. ?.F. ?.G. INTR9%;CTI9N S>ST*M /9RA$89/ ST;%> 9$ T.* S>ST*M .(R%/(R* & S9$T/(R* R*D;IRM*NT 7R979S*% S>ST*M IN7;T & 9;T7;T 7R9C*SS M9%*8S ;S*% /IT. :;STI$IC(TI9N

90 (EAS':'+'T5 REPORT
B.@. B.?. B.B. T*C.NIC(8 $*(SI=I8IT> 97*R(TI9N(8 $*(SI=I8IT> *C9N9MIC $*(SI=I8IT>

;0 SO(T*ARE RE<U'RE,ENT SPEC'('CAT'ONS

C.@. C.?. $;NCI9N(8 R*D;IR*M*NTS 7*R$9RM(NC* R*D;IR*M*NTS

=0 SE+ECTE# SO(T*ARE
E.@. E.?. E.B. E.C. INTR9%;CTI9N T9 .N*T $R(M*/9RA (S7.N*T CH.N*T SD8 S*R5*R

>0 S5STE, #ES'/N

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Project Report

F.@. F.?. F.B. F.C. F.E. F.F.

INTR9%;CTI9N S>ST*M /9RA$89/ N9RM(8I<(TI9N *0R %I()R(M %(T( $89/ %I()R(MS %(T( %ICTI9N(R>

?0 OUTPUT SCREENS @0 S5STE, TEST'N/ AN# ',P+E,ENTAT'ON

I.@. I.?. I.B. I.C. INTR9%;CTI9N STR(T*)IC (77R9(C. 9$ S9$T/(R* T*STIN) ;NIT T*STIN) T*ST

A0 S5STE, SECUR'T5
J.@. J.?. INTR9%;CTI9N S*C;RIT> IN S9$T/(R*

7B0

CONC+US'ON

770 (UTURE ',PRO4E,ENT 780 :':+'O/RAP&5

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Project Report

Chapter 7

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Project Report

'NTRO#UCT'ON

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Project Report

7070 'NTRO#UCT'ON TO PROJECT

This pro#ect is mainly !e elope! for the communication of *mployees of organi+ation locate! at !ifferent locations. The pro#ect entitle! , +ive ,eetin$- set of platform for the pro#ect lea!ers an! a!ministrator to sen! messages to 'eep constant interaction "ith the programmers. In the propose! system, the a!ministrator can communicate "ith the pro#ect lea!ers an! programmers an! can also maintain the login time an! logout time. .e can chat about the pro#ect going on "ith both the programmers an! pro#ect lea!ers. This pro#ect also maintains offline messages. The pro#ect lea!er gi es the instant report about the pro#ect to the a!ministrator. Through this Communication System, /hene er user logs0in into the system then login time is recor!e! in the a!ministrator1s system automatically. The a!ministrator can scan the present online users an! sen! the messages to single programmer ,set of programmers, pro#ect lea!er or Set of pro#ect lea!ers or all the employees "here er he/ she is present. This pro#ect ma'es the most of the te!ious an! mun!ane !es'"or' to minimi+e. This facilitates the user to concentrate more on the pro#ect an! less on the managing of these tas's. The soft"are is fully integrate! "ith CR, 2Customer Relationship Management3 as "ell as C,S 2Content Management System3 solution an! !e elope! in a manner that is easily manageable, time sa ing an! relie ing one from manual "or's. The proposed system maintains2 $re4uent interaction bet"een the a!ministrator an! the pro#ect lea!ers/programmers. (utomatically recor!ing the login time/logout time of the user. Maintaining on line an! offline Messages an! Message 5ie" *mployee .ierarchical

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Project Report

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Project Report

7080 OR/AN'CAT'ON PRO('+E

SO(T*ARE SO+UT'ONS &&& Soft"are Solutions is an IT solution pro i!er for a !ynamic en ironment "here business an! technology strategies con erge. Their approach focuses on ne" "ays of business combining IT inno ation an! a!option "hile also le eraging an organi+ation1s current IT assets. Their "or' "ith large global corporations an! ne" pro!ucts or ser ices an! to implement pru!ent business an! technology strategies in to!ay1s en ironment. %%%DS RAN/E O( E%PERT'SE 'NC+U#ES3 Soft"are %e elopment Ser ices *ngineering Ser ices Systems Integration Customer Relationship Management 7ro!uct %e elopment *lectronic Commerce Consulting IT 9utsourcing

/e apply technology "ith inno ation an! responsibility to achie e t"o broa! ob#ecti es6 *ffecti ely a!!ress the business issues our customers face to!ay. )enerate ne" opportunities that "ill help them stay ahea! in the future.

T&'S APPROAC& RESTS ON3 ( strategy "here "e architect, integrate an! manage technology ser ices an! solutions 0 "e call it (IM for success.

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Project Report

( robust offshore !e elopment metho!ology an! re!uce! !eman! on customer resources. ( focus on the use of reusable frame"or's to pro i!e cost an! times benefits.

They combine the best people, processes an! technology to achie e e&cellent results 0 consistency. /e offer customers the a! antages of6 SPEE#3 They un!erstan! the importance of timing, of getting there before the competition. ( rich portfolio of reusable, mo!ular frame"or's helps #ump0start 9ur trac' recor! is testimony to comple& pro#ects pro#ects. Trie! an! teste! metho!ology ensures that "e follo" a pre!ictable, lo" 0 ris' path to achie e results. !eli ere! "ithin an! e ens before sche!ule. E%PERT'SE3 9ur teams combine cutting e!ge technology s'ills "ith rich !omain e&pertise. /hat1s e4ually important 0 they share a strong customer orientation that means they actually start by listening to the customer. They1re focuse! on coming up "ith solutions that ser e customer re4uirements to!ay an! anticipate future nee!s. A (U++ SER4'CE PORT(O+'O3 They offer customers the a! antage of being able to (rchitect, integrate an! manage technology ser ices. This means that they can rely on one, fully accountable source instea! of trying to integrate !isparate multi en!or solutions.

SER4'CES3 X&& is pro i!ing it1s ser ices to companies "hich are in the fiel! of pro!uction, 4uality control etc /ith their rich e&pertise an! e&perience an! information technology they are in best position to pro i!e soft"are solutions to !istinct business re4uirements. - 14 -

Project Report

7090 PURPOSE O( T&E PROJECT

This pro#ect is mainly !e elope! for the communication of *mployees of organi+ation locate! at !ifferent locations. The pro#ect entitle! , +ive ,eetin$- set of platform for the pro#ect lea!ers an! a!ministrator to sen! messages to 'eep constant interaction "ith the programmers. In the propose! system is the a!ministrator can sit at his system an! communicate "ith the pro#ect lea!ers, programmers an! can also maintain the login time, logout time. .e can chat about the pro#ect going on "ith both the programmers an! pro#ect lea!ers. This pro#ect also maintains offline messages. The a!ministrator sees the I7 a!!ress of the system of pro#ect lea!er/programmer he is intereste! an! chat "ith the people .The pro#ect lea!er gi es the instant report about the pro#ect to the a!ministrator. Through this Communication System, /hene er user logs0in into the system then login time is recor!e! in the a!ministrator1s system automatically. The a!ministrator can scan the present online system I7 (!!ress an! sen! the messages to single programmer ,set of programmers, pro#ect lea!er or Set of pro#ect lea!ers or all the employees "here he/ she is present. This pro#ect ma'es the most of the te!ious an! mun!ane !es'"or' to minimi+e. This facilitates the user to concentrate more on the pro#ect an! less on the managing of these tas's. The proposed system maintains2 $re4uent interaction bet"een the a!ministrator an! the pro#ect lea!ers/programmers. (utomatically recor!ing the login time/logout time of the user. Maintaining on line an! offline Messages an! Message 5ie" *mployee .ierarchical

70;0 PRO:+E, 'N E%'ST'N/ S5STE,

The e&isting system is manual system. Nee!s to be con erte! into automate! system. Ris' of mismanagement of !ata. 8ess Security. No proper coor!ination bet"een !ifferent (pplications an! ;sers. $e"er ;sers 0 $rien!ly. (ccuracy not guarantee!. Not in reach of !istant users. Communication bet"een users through phone or manually.

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Project Report

The e&isting system users are using thir! party public mail ser ices for communication. communication. (nonymous user can be allo"e! li'e these public !omains. It is critical to share their information li'e this en ironment. Some organi+ations are using manual system. In the manual system the !ata can be store! an! transferre! in the form of !is' !ri es or paper. Semi automate! systems are connecte! through 8(N but they are using !ata in local systems li'e Ms0(ccess or MS0*&cel etc. In local !ata base there is no 9ption for !ata security an! !ata integrity. ;sing public !omains are not suppose! for employee

70=0 PROPOSE# S5STE,

The !e elopment of the ne" system contains the follo"ing acti ities, "hich try to automate the entire process 'eeping in approach. ;ser frien!liness is pro i!e! in the application "ith arious controls. The ie" of the !atabase integration

system ma'es the o erall pro#ect management much easier an! fle&ible. There is no ris' of !ata mismanagement at any le el "hile the pro#ect !e elopment is un!er process. It pro i!es high le el of security "ith !ifferent le el of authentication. ;sers from any part of the "orl! can ma'e use of the system. Ne" system "ill process accurate results. Ne" system "ill be much better in performance as compare! to e&isting one. The propose! system is ha ing fre4uent interaction bet"een a!ministrator an! the pro#ect members by using email an! chat mo!ules.

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Project Report

Chapter 8

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Project Report

S5STE, ANA+5S'S

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Project Report

8070 'NTRO#UCT'ON
(fter analy+ing the re4uirements of the tas' to be performe!, the ne&t step is to analy+e the problem an! un!erstan! its conte&t. The first acti ity in the phase is stu!ying the e&isting system an! other is to un!erstan! the re4uirements an! !omain of the ne" system. =oth the acti ities are e4ually important, but the first acti ity ser es as a basis of gi ing the functional specifications an! then successful !esign of the propose! system. ;n!erstan!ing the properties an! re4uirements of a ne" system is more !ifficult an! re4uires creati e thin'ing an! un!erstan!ing of e&isting running system is also !ifficult, improper un!erstan!ing of present system can lea! !i ersion from solution.

8080 ANA+5S'S ,O#E+

The mo!el that is basically being follo"e! is the /(T*R $(88 M9%*8, "hich states that the phases are organi+e! in a linear or!er. $irst of all the feasibility stu!y is !one. 9nce that part is o er the re4uirement analysis an! pro#ect planning begins. If system e&ists one an! mo!ification an! a!!ition of ne" mo!ule is nee!e!, analysis of present system can be use! as basic mo!el. The !esign starts after the re4uirement analysis is complete an! the co!ing begins after the !esign is complete. 9nce the programming is complete!, the testing is !one. In this mo!el the se4uence of acti ities performe! in a soft"are !e elopment pro#ect are6 0 Re4uirement (nalysis 7ro#ect 7lanning System !esign %etail !esign Co!ing ;nit testing System integration & testing

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Project Report

.ere the linear or!ering of these acti ities is critical. *n! of the phase an! the output of one phase is the input of other phase. The output of each phase is to be consistent "ith the o erall re4uirement of the system. Some of the 4ualities of spiral mo!el are also incorporate! li'e after the people concerne! "ith the pro#ect re ie" completion of each of the phase the "or' !one. /(T*R $(88 M9%*8 "as being chosen because all re4uirements "ere 'no"n beforehan! an! the ob#ecti e of our soft"are !e elopment is the computeri+ation/automation of an alrea!y e&isting manual "or'ing system.

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Project Report

8090 STU#5 O( T&E S5STE,

The 8i e Meeting 7ro#ect is mainly base! on online chat features "ith other features li'e 2Member registration feature/ Sen!ing an! Recei ing mails feature/ Integrate! Security feature etc.3. %e eloping a chat application6 There are !ifferent "ays to implement a chat application. In (S7.Net, there are t"o "ays in "hich "e can !e elop a chat application. .TM8 Chat $irst one is the .TM8 chat, "here in the chat application is !e elope! using "eb forms an! base! on the re4uest response mo!el i.e. the client "ill 'eep pinging to the ser er to chec' any messages are there for that person, an! if "e ha e to sen! any message, simply post it to the ser er. In this case the page "hich pro i!es the chat "eb form ha e to be refreshe! e ery time 2"hich is configurable3, an! "ill not be a goo! e&perience for the user. =ut regar!ing the security perspecti e, this metho! "ill be the most matching.

/in!o"s Chat The secon! asp.net chat option is to create an (cti e& control, an! plug in to the page so that it implements any of the chat protocols in sync "ith the chat ser er ..ere "e ha e to create a chat ser er as some "in!o"s ser ice, using Soc'ets. So that the (cti e& an! the chat ser er can tal' "ith each of them through some pre!efine! chat protocol or user can !efine his o"n custom chat protocol. This "ill pro i!e better chatting facilities an! the "eb page in "hich the chat client resi!es nee! not be refreshe!. .ere since "e are using (cti e&, some sort of security problems may arise. These are the t"o metho!s, "here in "e can !e elop chat application in .net. The

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Project Report

(cti e& control in the secon! metho! can be mo!ifie! to !e elop a "in!o"s application i.e. a chat Messenger sort of application. Number of ,odu es The system after careful analysis has been i!entifie! to be presente! "ith the follo"ing mo!ules6 The modu es invo ved are3 @. 9nline Chat Mo!ule6 Registere! members are allo"e! to chat "ith other registere! members. Member nee!s to be authenticate! before entering to chat "in!o". Chatting feature is a ailable in ? "ays 6 a. 2Single Mo!e3 "here @ member can chat "ith another member. b. 2)roup Mo!e3 "here n members can chat "ith each other. ?. Member registration Mo!ule6 Member can register an! sign in here. $or registration, member has to pro i!e personal !etails, a!!ress !etails, employment !etails, account !etails an! they ha e to agree "ith policies. B. Member can sign in by pro i!ing their account !etails 2;sername an! pass"or!3. Sen!ing an! Recei ing mails6 =y ma'ing use of this mo!ule, Members can sen!/recei e/ ie" mails. Many features ha e been pro i!e! to members so that they can @3 manage 2 ie"/ e!it/ !elete3 their mails, ?3 for"ar! mails, B3 sen! attachments, C3 sen! group mail, manage mails in fol!ers etc. C. E. Integrate! Security Mo!ule6 This mo!ule is ma!e is pro i!e security features to the application. (!min Mo!ule6

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Project Report

(!min is a super user an! hence responsible for a3 Site Maintenance, b3 Members Management, c3 Mails management an! !3 )enerate arious reports.

Entities 'nvo ved in the Project3 @3 ;sers ?3 Roles B3 Mail Message C3 Chat Message E3 Message Status Users3 ;sers are employees of the organi+ation. ;sers are in ol e! in chatting & sen!ing messages. Ro es3 Roles are use! to classify !ifferent types of ;sers such as (!min, 7ro#ect managers, Team 8ea!ers, Soft"are *ngineers etc. ,ai ,essa$e3 ( Mail Message is use! to han!le messages sent by users. This "ill be sa e! in user1s mailbo&. Chat ,essa$e3 ( Chat Message is sent & recei e! by users in chatting. This message "ill lose after chatting0 ,essa$e Status6 Message Status tells status of mail message such as Rea!, ;nrea!, an! %elete! etc. PROJECT 'NSTRUCT'ONS3 =ase! on the gi en re4uirements, conceptuali+e the Solution (rchitecture. Choose the !omain of your interest other"ise !e elop the application for ultimate!otnet.com. %epict the arious architectural components, sho" interactions an! connecte!ness an! sho" internal an! e&ternal elements.

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Project Report

%esign the "eb ser ices, "eb metho!s an! !atabase infrastructure nee!e! both an! client an! ser er. 7ro i!e an en ironment for upgra!ation of application for ne"er are a ailable in the same !omain as "eb ser ice target. ersions that

80;0 &AR#*ARE SPE#'('CAT'ONS

&AR#*ARE RE<U'RE,ENTS3 7I5 ?.I ).+ 7rocessor an! (bo e R(M E@?M= an! (bo e .%% ?K )= .ar! %is' Space an! (bo e

SO(T*ARE RE<U'RE,ENTS3 /IN%9/S 9S 2X7 / ?KKK / ?KK Ser er / ?KKB Ser er3 5isual Stu!io .Net ?KKE *nterprise *!ition Internet Information Ser er E.K 2IIS3 5isual Stu!io .Net $rame"or' 2Minimal for %eployment3 SD8 Ser er ?KKK *nterprise *!ition

80=0 PROPOSE# S5STE,

In the propose! system is the a!ministrator can sit at his system an! communicate "ith the pro#ect lea!ers, programmers an! can also maintain the login time, logout time. .e can chat about the pro#ect going on "ith both the programmers an! pro#ect lea!ers. This pro#ect also maintains offline messages. The a!ministrator sees the I7 a!!ress of the system of pro#ect lea!er/programmer he is intereste! an! chat "ith the people .The pro#ect lea!er gi es the instant report about the pro#ect to the a!ministrator. NEE# (OR CO,PUTER'CAT'ON /e all 'no" the importance of computeri+ation. The "orl! is mo ing ahea! at lightening spee! an! e ery one is running short of time. 9ne al"ays "ants to

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Project Report

get the information an! perform a tas' he/she/they !esire2s3 "ithin a short perio! of time an! too "ith amount of efficiency an! accuracy. The application areas for the computeri+ation ha e been selecte! on the basis of follo"ing factors6 Minimi+ing the manual recor!s 'ept at !ifferent locations. There "ill be more !ata integrity. $acilitating !esire! information !isplay, from users. $acilitating arious statistical information "hich helps in !ecision0ma'ingL To re!uce manual efforts in acti ities that in ol e! repetiti e "or'. ;p!ating an! !eletion of such a huge amount of !ata "ill become easier. ery 4uic'ly, by retrie ing information

(UNCT'ONA+ (EATURES O( T&E ,O#E+ (s far as the pro#ect is !e elope! the functionality is simple, the ob#ecti e of the proposal is to strengthen the functioning of (u!it Status Monitoring an! ma'e them effecti e an! better. The entire scope has been classifie! into fi e streams 'no"s as Coor!inator 8e el, management 8e el, (u!itor 8e el, ;ser 8e el an! State /eb Coor!inator 8e el. The propose! soft"are "ill co er the information nee!s "ith respect to each re4uest of the user group i+. accepting the re4uest, pro i!ing ulnerability !ocument report an! the current status of the au!it. *OR.'N/ O( T&E S5STE, The entire scope has been classifie! into fi e streams 'no"n as6 0 Coordinator +eve 2(!!ressing the information management nee!s of coor!inator3 ,ana$ement +eve 2(!!ressing the information management nee!s of management3 Auditor +eve 2(!!ressing the information management nee!s of au!itors3

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Project Report

User +eve 2(!!ressing the information management nee!s of the user group3 State *eb Coordinator eve 2(!!ressing the nee!s of coor!inator of the state3

80>0 'NPUT AN# OUTPUT

The main inputs, outputs an! ma#or functions of the system are as follo"s 'NPUTS3 The main inputs, outputs an! ma#or functions of the system are as follo"s. Inputs6 Member Registration !etails6 Registration mo!ule is responsible for member registration an! login. /hile registration, member "ill be prompte! for his @3 login account !etails 2username, pass"or!, hint 4uestion, ans"er3, ?3 his personal !etails, B3 his contact a!!ress, C3 his company profile etc. (t time of sign in, Member has to pro i!e username an! pass"or!. In Message compose bo&, Member has to pro i!e Message to sen! "ith *mail0I% 2to "hom message has to be sent.3. In the chat "in!o", Member has to pro i!e messages. OUTPUTS3 9n successful registration, member "ill be pro i!e! confirmation mail. 9n successful signing in, member "ill be place! to his (ccount page. In Chat "in!o", Member "ill be getting messages sent by other members.

80?0 PROCESS ,O#E+S USE# *'T& JUST'('CAT'ON

ACCESS CONTRO+ (OR #ATA *&'C& RE<U'RE USER AUT&ENT'CAT'ON

The follo"ing comman!s specify access control i!entifiers an! they are typically use! to authori+e an! authenticate the user 2comman! co!es are sho"n in parentheses3

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Project Report

USER NA,E EUSERF The user i!entification is that "hich is re4uire! by the ser er for access to its file system. This comman! "ill normally be the first comman! transmitte! by the user after the control connections are ma!e 2some ser ers may re4uire this3. PASS*OR# EPASSF This comman! must be imme!iately prece!e! by the user name comman!, an!, for some sites, completes the userMs i!entification for access control. Since pass"or! information is 4uite sensiti e, it is !esirable in general to Nmas'N it or suppress type out.

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Project Report

Chapter 9

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Project Report

(easibi ity Report

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Project Report

7reliminary in estigation e&amine pro#ect feasibility, the li'elihoo! the system "ill be useful to the organi+ation. The main ob#ecti e of the feasibility stu!y is to test the Technical, 9perational an! *conomical feasibility for a!!ing ne" mo!ules an! !ebugging ol! running system. (ll system is feasible if they are unlimite! resources an! infinite time. There are aspects in the feasibility stu!y portion of the preliminary in estigation6 Technical $easibility 9peration $easibility *conomical $easibility

9070 Technica (easibi ity The technical issue usually raise! !uring the feasibility stage of the in estigation inclu!es the follo"ing6 %oes the necessary technology e&ist to !o "hat is suggeste!L %o the propose! e4uipments ha e the technical capacity to hol! the !ata re4uire! to use the ne" systemL /ill the propose! system pro i!e a!e4uate response to in4uiries, regar!less of the number or location of usersL Can the system be upgra!e! if !e elope!L (re there technical guarantees of accuracy, reliability, ease of access an! !ata securityL *arlier no system e&iste! to cater to the nee!s of OSecure Infrastructure Implementation System1. The current system !e elope! is technically feasible. It is a "eb base! user interface for au!it "or'flo" at NIC0CS%. Thus it pro i!es an easy access to the users. The !atabase1s purpose is to create, establish an! maintain a "or'flo" among arious entities in or!er to facilitate all concerne! users in their arious capacities or roles. 7ermission to the users "oul! be grante! base! on the roles specifie!. Therefore, it pro i!es the technical guarantee of - 30 -

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accuracy, reliability an! security. The soft"are an! har! re4uirements for the !e elopment of this pro#ect are not many an! are alrea!y a ailable in0house at NIC or are a ailable as free as open source. The "or' for the pro#ect is !one "ith the current e4uipment an! e&isting soft"are technology. Necessary ban!"i!th e&ists for pro i!ing a fast fee!bac' to the users irrespecti e of the number of users using the system. 9080 Operationa (easibi ity 7ropose! pro#ects are beneficial only if they can be turne! out into information system. That "ill meet the organi+ation1s operating re4uirements. 9perational feasibility aspects of the pro#ect are to be ta'en as an important part of the pro#ect implementation. Some of the important issues raise! are to test the operational feasibility of a pro#ect inclu!es the follo"ing6 0 Is there sufficient support for the management from the usersL /ill the system be use! an! "or' properly if it is being !e elope! an! implemente!L /ill there be any resistance from the user that "ill un!ermine the possible application benefitsL This system is targete! to be in accor!ance "ith the abo e0mentione! issues. =eforehan!, the management issues an! user re4uirements ha e been ta'en into consi!eration. So there is no 4uestion of resistance from the users that can un!ermine the possible application benefits. The "ell0planne! !esign "oul! ensure the optimal utili+ation of the computer resources an! "oul! help in the impro ement of performance status. 9090 Economic (easibi ity ( system can be !e elope! technically an! that "ill be use! if installe! must still be a goo! in estment for the organi+ation. In the economical feasibility, the

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!e elopment cost in creating the system is e aluate! against the ultimate benefit !eri e! from the ne" systems. $inancial benefits must e4ual or e&cee! the costs. The system is economically feasible. It !oes not re4uire any a!!ition har!"are or soft"are. Since the interface for this system is !e elope! using the e&isting resources an! technologies a ailable at NIC, There is nominal e&pen!iture an! economical feasibility for certain.

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Chapter ;

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SO(T*ARE RE<U'RE,ENT SPEC'('CAT'ON

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The soft"are, Site *&plorer is !esigne! for management of "eb sites from a remote location.

'NTRO#UCT'ON
Purpose3 The main purpose for preparing this !ocument is to gi e a general insight into the analysis an! re4uirements of the e&isting system or situation an! for !etermining the operating characteristics of the system. Scope3 This %ocument plays a ital role in the !e elopment life cycle 2S%8C3 an! it

!escribes the complete re4uirement of the system. It is meant for use by the !e elopers an! "ill be the basic !uring testing phase. (ny changes ma!e to the re4uirements in the future "ill ha e to go through formal change appro al process.

#E4E+OPERS RESPONS':'+'T'ES O4ER4'E*3

The !e eloper is responsible for6 %e eloping the system, "hich meets the SRS an! sol ing all the re4uirements of the systemL %emonstrating the system an! installing the system at clientMs location after the acceptance testing is successful. Submitting the re4uire! user manual !escribing the system interfaces to "or' on it an! also the !ocuments of the system. Con!ucting any user training that might be nee!e! for using the system. Maintaining the system for a perio! of one year after installation.

;070 (UNCT'ONA+ RE<U'RE,ENTS3

OUTPUT #ES'/N
9utputs from computer systems are re4uire! primarily to communicate the results of processing to users. They are also use! to pro i!es a permanent copy of the results for later consultation. The arious types of outputs in general are6 *&ternal 9utputs, "hose !estination is outsi!e the organi+ation.

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Internal 9utputs "hose !estination is "ith in organi+ation an! they are the ;ser1s main interface "ith the computer. 9perational outputs "hose use is purely "ith in the computer !epartment. Interface outputs, "hich in ol e the user in communicating !irectly "ith

OUTPUT #E('N'T'ON
The outputs shoul! be !efine! in terms of the follo"ing points6 Type of the output Content of the output $ormat of the output 8ocation of the output $re4uency of the output 5olume of the output Se4uence of the output It is not al"ays !esirable to print or !isplay !ata as it is hel! on a computer. It shoul! be !eci!e! as "hich form of the output is the most suitable. $or *&ample /ill !ecimal points nee! to be inserte! Shoul! lea!ing +eros be suppresse!.

Output ,edia3 In the ne&t stage it is to be !eci!e! that "hich me!ium is the most appropriate for the output. The main consi!erations "hen !eci!ing about the output me!ia are6 The suitability for the !e ice to the particular application. The nee! for a har! copy. The response time re4uire!. The location of the users The soft"are an! har!"are a ailable.

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Aeeping in ie" the abo e !escription the pro#ect is to ha e outputs mainly coming un!er the category of internal outputs. The main outputs !esire! accor!ing to the re4uirement specification are6 The outputs "ere nee!e! to be generate! as a hot copy an! as "ell as 4ueries to be ie"e! on the screen. Aeeping in ie" these outputs, the format for the output is ta'en The from the outputs, "hich are currently being obtaine! after manual processing. stan!ar! printer is to be use! as output me!ia for har! copies.

'NPUT #ES'/N
Input !esign is a part of o erall system !esign. !esign is as gi en belo"6 To pro!uce a cost0effecti e metho! of input. To achi e the highest possible le el of accuracy. To ensure that the input is acceptable an! un!erstoo! by the user. The main ob#ecti e !uring the input

'NPUT STA/ES3 The main input stages can be liste! as belo"6 %ata recor!ing %ata transcription %ata con ersion %ata erification %ata control %ata transmission %ata ali!ation %ata correction

'NPUT T5PES3 It is necessary to !etermine the follo"s6 *&ternal inputs, "hich are prime inputs for the system. Internal inputs, "hich are user communications "ith the system. arious types of inputs. Inputs can be categori+e! as

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9perational, "hich are computer !epartment1s communications to the systemL Interacti e, "hich are inputs entere! !uring a !ialogue.

'NPUT ,E#'A3 (t this stage choice has to be ma!e about the input me!ia. To conclu!e about the input me!ia consi!eration has to be gi en toP Type of input $le&ibility of format Spee! (ccuracy 5erification metho!s Re#ection rates *ase of correction Storage an! han!ling re4uirements Security *asy to use 7ortability Aeeping in ie" the abo e !escription of the input types an! input me!ia, it can be sai! that most of the inputs are of the form of internal an! interacti e. (s Input !ata is to be the !irectly 'eye! in by the user, the 'eyboar! can be consi!ere! to be the most suitable input !e ice. ERROR A4O'#ANCE (t this stage care is to be ta'en to ensure that input !ata remains accurate form the stage at "hich it is recor!e! upto the stage in "hich the !ata is accepte! by the system. han!le!. ERROR #ETECT'ON This can be achie e! only by means of careful control each time the !ata is

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* en though e ery effort is ma'e to a oi! the occurrence of errors, still a small proportion of errors is al"ays li'ely to occur, these types of errors can be !isco ere! by using ali!ations to chec' the input !ata. #ATA 4A+'#AT'ON 7roce!ures are !esigne! to !etect errors in !ata at a lo"er le el of !etail. possibility for the user to commit errors. %ata ali!ations ha e been inclu!e! in the system in almost e ery area "here there is a The system "ill not accept in ali! !ata. /hene er an in ali! !ata is 'eye! in, the system imme!iately prompts the user an! the user has to again 'ey in the !ata an! the system "ill accept the !ata only if the !ata is correct. 5ali!ations ha e been inclu!e! "here necessary. The system is !esigne! to be a user frien!ly one. In other "or!s the system has been !esigne! to communicate effecti ely "ith the user. The system has been !esigne! "ith pop up menus. USER 'NTER(ACE #ES'/N It is essential to consult the system users an! !iscuss their nee!s "hile !esigning the user interface6 USER 'NTER(ACE S5STE,S CAN :E :ROA#+5 C+AS'('E# AS3 @. ;ser initiate! interface the user is in charge, controlling the progress of the user/computer !ialogue. In the computer0initiate! interface, the computer selects the ne&t stage in the interaction. ?. Computer initiate! interfaces In the computer initiate! interfaces the computer gui!es the progress of the user/computer !ialogue. Information is !isplaye! an! the user response of the computer ta'es action or !isplays further information. USERG'N'T'ATE# 'NTER(ACES ;ser initiate! interfaces fall into to" appro&imate classes6 @. Comman! !ri en interfaces6 In this type of interface the user inputs comman!s or 4ueries "hich are interprete! by the computer. ?. $orms oriente! interface6 The user calls up an image of the form to his/her screen an! fills in the form. The forms oriente! interface is chosen because it is the best choice.

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CO,PUTERH'N'T'ATE# 'NTER(ACES The follo"ing computer Q initiate! interfaces "ere use!6 @. The menu system for the user is presente! "ith a list of alternati es an! the user chooses oneP of alternati es. ?. Duestions Q ans"er type !ialog system "here the computer as's 4uestion an! ta'es action base! on the basis of the users reply. Right from the start the system is going to be menu !ri en, the opening menu !isplays the a ailable options. Choosing one option gi es another popup menu "ith more options. In this "ay e ery option lea!s the users to !ata entry form "here the user can 'ey in the !ata. ERROR ,ESSA/E #ES'/N3 The !esign of error messages is an important part of the user interface !esign. (s user is boun! to commit some errors or other "hile !esigning a system the system shoul! be !esigne! to be helpful by pro i!ing the user "ith information regar!ing the error he/she has committe!. This application must be able to pro!uce output at !ifferent mo!ules for !ifferent inputs.

;080 PER(OR,ANCE RE<U'RE,ENTS

7erformance is measure! in terms of the output pro i!e! by the application. Re4uirement specification plays an important part in the analysis of a system. 9nly "hen the re4uirement specifications are properly gi en, it is possible to !esign a system, "hich "ill fit into re4uire! en ironment. It rests largely in the part of the users of the e&isting system to gi e the re4uirement specifications because they are the people "ho finally use the system. This is because the re4uirements ha e to be 'no"n !uring the initial stages so that the system can be !esigne! accor!ing to those re4uirements. It is ery !ifficult to change the system once it has been !esigne! an! on the other han! !esigning a system, "hich !oes not cater to the re4uirements of the user, is of no use. The re4uirement specification for any system can be broa!ly state! as gi en belo"6

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The system shoul! be able to interface "ith the e&isting system The system shoul! be accurate The system shoul! be better than the e&isting system

The e&isting system is completely !epen!ent on the user to perform all the !uties.

Chapter =

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SE+ECTE# SO(T*ARE

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=070 'NTRO#UCT'ON TO 0NET (rame"orI

The .N*T $rame"or' is a ne" computing platform that simplifies application !e elopment in the highly !istribute! en ironment of the Internet. The .N*T $rame"or' is !esigne! to fulfill the follo"ing ob#ecti es6

To pro i!e a consistent ob#ect0oriente! programming en ironment "hether ob#ect co!e is store! an! e&ecute! locally, e&ecute! locally but Internet0 !istribute!, or e&ecute! remotely. To pro i!e a co!e0e&ecution en ironment that minimi+es soft"are !eployment an! ersioning conflicts. To pro i!e a co!e0e&ecution en ironment that guarantees safe e&ecution of co!e, inclu!ing co!e create! by an un'no"n or semi0truste! thir! party. To pro i!e a co!e0e&ecution en ironment that eliminates the performance problems of scripte! or interprete! en ironments. To ma'e the !e eloper e&perience consistent across "i!ely arying types of

applications, such as /in!o"s0base! applications an! /eb0base! applications.

To buil! all communication on in!ustry stan!ar!s to ensure that co!e base! on the .N*T $rame"or' can integrate "ith any other co!e.

The .N*T $rame"or' has t"o main components6 the common language runtime an! the .N*T $rame"or' class library. The common language runtime is the foun!ation of the .N*T $rame"or'. >ou can thin' of the runtime as an agent that manages co!e at e&ecution time, pro i!ing core ser ices such as memory management, threa! management, an! Remoting, "hile also enforcing strict type safety an! other forms of co!e accuracy that ensure security an! robustness. In - 43 -

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fact, the concept of co!e management is a fun!amental principle of the runtime. Co!e that targets the runtime is 'no"n as manage! co!e, "hile co!e that !oes not target the runtime is 'no"n as unmanage! co!e. The class library, the other main component of the .N*T $rame"or', is a comprehensi e, ob#ect0oriente! collection of reusable types that you can use to !e elop applications ranging from tra!itional comman!0line or graphical user interface 2);I3 applications to applications base! on the latest inno ations pro i!e! by (S7.N*T, such as /eb $orms an! XM8 /eb ser ices. The .N*T $rame"or' can be hoste! by unmanage! components that loa! the common language runtime into their processes an! initiate the e&ecution of manage! co!e, thereby creating a soft"are en ironment that can e&ploit both manage! an! unmanage! features. The .N*T $rame"or' not only pro i!es se eral runtime hosts, but also supports the !e elopment of thir!0party runtime hosts. $or e&ample, (S7.N*T hosts the runtime to pro i!e a scalable, ser er0si!e en ironment for manage! co!e. (S7.N*T "or's !irectly "ith the runtime to enable /eb $orms applications an! XM8 /eb ser ices, both of "hich are !iscusse! later in this topic. Internet *&plorer is an e&ample of an unmanage! application that hosts the runtime 2in the form of a MIM* type e&tension3. ;sing Internet *&plorer to host the runtime enables you to embe! manage! components or /in!o"s $orms controls in .TM8 !ocuments. .osting the runtime in this "ay ma'es manage! mobile co!e 2similar to MicrosoftR (cti eXR controls3 possible, but "ith significant impro ements that only manage! co!e can offer, such as semi0truste! e&ecution an! secure isolate! file storage. The follo"ing illustration sho"s the relationship of the common language runtime an! the class library to your applications an! to the o erall system. The illustration also sho"s ho" manage! co!e operates "ithin a larger architecture.

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(EATURES O( T&E CO,,ON +AN/UA/E RUNT',E The common language runtime manages memory, threa! e&ecution, co!e e&ecution, co!e safety runtime. /ith regar!s to security, manage! components are a"ar!e! arying !egrees of trust, !epen!ing on a number of factors that inclu!e their origin 2such as the Internet, enterprise net"or', or local computer3. This means that a manage! component might or might not be able to perform file0access operations, registry0 access operations, or other sensiti e functions, e en if it is being use! in the same acti e application. The runtime enforces co!e access security. $or e&ample, users can trust that an e&ecutable embe!!e! in a /eb page can play an animation on screen or sing a song, but cannot access their personal !ata, file system, or net"or'. The security features of the runtime thus enable legitimate Internet0!eploye! soft"are to be e&ceptionally featuring rich. The runtime also enforces co!e robustness by implementing a strict type0 an! co!e0 erification infrastructure calle! the common type system 2CTS3. The CTS ensures that all manage! co!e is self0!escribing. The thir!0party language compilers )enerate manage! co!e that conforms to the CTS. This means that manage! co!e can consume other manage! types an! instances, "hile strictly enforcing type fi!elity an! type safety. In a!!ition, the manage! en ironment of the runtime eliminates many common soft"are issues. $or e&ample, the runtime automatically han!les ob#ect layout an! manages references to ob#ects, releasing them "hen they are no longer being use!. This automatic memory management resol es the t"o most common application errors, memory lea's an! in ali! memory references. arious Microsoft an! erification, compilation, an! other system ser ices. These features are intrinsic to the manage! co!e that runs on the common language

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The

runtime

also

accelerates

!e eloper

pro!ucti ity.

$or

e&ample,

programmers can "rite applications in their !e elopment language of choice, yet ta'e full a! antage of the runtime, the class library, an! components "ritten in other languages by other !e elopers. (ny compiler en!or "ho chooses to target the runtime can !o so. 8anguage compilers that target the .N*T $rame"or' ma'e the features of the .N*T $rame"or' a ailable to e&isting co!e "ritten in that language, greatly easing the migration process for e&isting applications. /hile the runtime is !esigne! for the soft"are of the future, it also supports soft"are of to!ay co!e an! yester!ay. Interoperability to continue bet"een to use manage! necessary an! C9M unmanage! enables !e elopers

components an! %88s. The runtime is !esigne! to enhance performance. (lthough the common language runtime pro i!es many stan!ar! runtime ser ices, manage! co!e is ne er interprete!. ( feature calle! #ust0in0time 2:IT3 compiling enables all manage! co!e to run in the nati e machine language of the system on "hich it is e&ecuting. Mean"hile, the memory manager remo es the possibilities of fragmente! memory an! increases memory locality0of0reference to further increase performance. $inally, the runtime can be hoste! by high0performance, ser er0si!e applications, such as MicrosoftR SD8 Ser erS an! Internet Information Ser ices 2IIS3. This infrastructure enables you to use manage! co!e to "rite your business logic, "hile still en#oying the superior performance of the in!ustryMs best enterprise ser ers that support runtime hosting. 0NET (RA,E*OR. C+ASS +':RAR5 The .N*T $rame"or' class library is a collection of reusable types that tightly integrate "ith the common language runtime. The class library is ob#ect oriente!, pro i!ing types from "hich your o"n manage! co!e can !eri e functionality. This not only ma'es the .N*T $rame"or' types easy to use, but also re!uces the time

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associate! "ith learning ne" features of the .N*T $rame"or'. In a!!ition, thir!0 party components can integrate seamlessly "ith classes in the .N*T $rame"or'. $or e&ample, the .N*T $rame"or' collection classes implement a set of interfaces that you can use to !e elop your o"n collection classes. >our collection classes "ill blen! seamlessly "ith the classes in the .N*T $rame"or'. (s you "oul! e&pect from an ob#ect0oriente! class library, the .N*T $rame"or' types enable you to accomplish a range of common programming tas's, inclu!ing tas's such as string management, !ata collection, !atabase connecti ity, an! file access. In a!!ition to these common tas's, the class library inclu!es types that support a applications an! ser ices6

ariety of speciali+e! !e elopment scenarios. $or

e&ample, you can use the .N*T $rame"or' to !e elop the follo"ing types of Console applications. Scripte! or hoste! applications. /in!o"s );I applications 2/in!o"s $orms3. (S7.N*T applications. XM8 /eb ser ices. /in!o"s ser ices. $or e&ample, the /in!o"s $orms classes are a comprehensi e set of reusable types that astly simplify /in!o"s );I !e elopment. If you "rite an (S7.N*T /eb $orm application, you can use the /eb $orms classes. C+'ENT APP+'CAT'ON #E4E+OP,ENT Client applications are the closest to a tra!itional style of application in /in!o"s0base! programming. These are the types of applications that !isplay "in!o"s or forms on the !es'top, enabling a user to perform a tas'. Client applications inclu!e applications such as "or! processors an! sprea!sheets, as "ell as custom business applications such as !ata0entry tools, reporting tools, an! so on. Client applications usually employ "in!o"s, menus, buttons, an! other );I

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elements, an! they li'ely access local resources such as the file system an! peripherals such as printers. (nother 'in! of client application is the tra!itional (cti eX control 2no" replace! by the manage! /in!o"s $orms control3 !eploye! o er the Internet as a /eb page. This application is much li'e other client applications6 it is e&ecute! nati ely, has access to local resources, an! inclu!es graphical elements. In the past, !e elopers create! such applications using C/CTT in con#unction "ith the Microsoft $oun!ation Classes 2M$C3 or "ith a rapi! application !e elopment 2R(%3 en ironment such as MicrosoftR 5isual =asicR. The .N*T $rame"or' incorporates aspects of these e&isting pro!ucts into a single, consistent !e elopment en ironment that !rastically simplifies the !e elopment of client applications. The /in!o"s $orms classes containe! in the .N*T $rame"or' are !esigne! to be use! for );I !e elopment. >ou can easily create comman! "in!o"s, buttons, menus, toolbars, an! other screen elements "ith the fle&ibility necessary to accommo!ate shifting business nee!s. $or e&ample, the .N*T $rame"or' pro i!es simple properties to a!#ust isual attributes associate! "ith forms. In some cases the un!erlying operating system !oes not support changing these attributes !irectly, an! in these cases the .N*T $rame"or' automatically recreates the forms. This is one of many "ays in "hich the .N*T $rame"or' integrates the !e eloper interface, ma'ing co!ing simpler an! more consistent. ;nli'e (cti eX controls, /in!o"s $orms controls ha e semi0truste! access to a userMs computer. This means that binary or nati ely e&ecuting co!e can access some of the resources on the userMs system 2such as );I elements an! limite! file access3 "ithout being able to access or compromise other resources. =ecause of co!e access security, many applications that once nee!e! to be installe! on a userMs system can no" be safely !eploye! through the /eb. >our

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applications can implement the features of a local application "hile being !eploye! li'e a /eb page.

ASP0NET
SER4ER APP+'CAT'ON #E4E+OP,ENT Ser er0si!e applications in the manage! "orl! are implemente! through runtime hosts. ;nmanage! applications host the common language runtime, "hich allo"s your custom manage! co!e to control the beha ior of the ser er. This mo!el pro i!es you "ith all the features of the common language runtime an! class library "hile gaining the performance an! scalability of the host ser er. The follo"ing illustration sho"s a basic net"or' schema "ith manage! co!e running in !ifferent ser er en ironments. Ser ers such as IIS an! SD8 Ser er can perform stan!ar! operations "hile your application logic e&ecutes through the manage! co!e. SER4ERHS'#E ,ANA/E# CO#E (S7.N*T is the hosting en ironment that enables !e elopers to use the .N*T $rame"or' to target /eb0base! applications. .o"e er, (S7.N*T is more than #ust a runtime hostP it is a complete architecture for !e eloping /eb sites an! Internet0!istribute! ob#ects using manage! co!e. =oth /eb $orms an! XM8 /eb ser ices use IIS an! (S7.N*T as the publishing mechanism for applications, an! both ha e a collection of supporting classes in the .N*T $rame"or'. XM8 /eb ser ices, an important e olution in /eb0base! technology, are !istribute!, ser er0si!e application components similar to common /eb sites. .o"e er, unli'e /eb0base! applications, XM8 /eb ser ices components ha e no ;I an! are not targete! for bro"sers such as Internet *&plorer an! Netscape Na igator. Instea!, XM8 /eb ser ices consist of reusable soft"are components !esigne! to be consume! by other applications, such as tra!itional client applications, /eb0base! applications, or e en other XM8 /eb ser ices. (s a result,

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XM8 /eb ser ices technology is rapi!ly mo ing application !e elopment an! !eployment into the highly !istribute! en ironment of the Internet. If you ha e use! earlier ersions of (S7 technology, you "ill imme!iately notice the impro ements that (S7.N*T an! /eb $orms offers. $or e&ample, you can !e elop /eb $orms pages in any language that supports the .N*T $rame"or'. In a!!ition, your co!e no longer nee!s to share the same file "ith your .TT7 te&t 2although it can continue to !o so if you prefer3. /eb $orms pages e&ecute in nati e machine language because, li'e any other manage! application, they ta'e full a! antage of the runtime. In contrast, unmanage! (S7 pages are al"ays scripte! an! interprete!. (S7.N*T pages are faster, more functional, an! easier to !e elop than unmanage! (S7 pages because they interact "ith the runtime li'e any manage! application. The .N*T $rame"or' also pro i!es a collection of classes an! tools to ai! in !e elopment an! consumption of XM8 /eb ser ices applications. XM8 /eb ser ices are built on stan!ar!s such as S9(7 2a remote proce!ure0call protocol3, XM8 2an e&tensible !ata format3, an! /S%8 2 the /eb Ser ices %escription 8anguage3. The .N*T $rame"or' is built on these stan!ar!s to promote interoperability "ith non0Microsoft solutions. $or e&ample, the /eb Ser ices %escription 8anguage tool inclu!e! "ith the .N*T $rame"or' S%A can 4uery an XM8 /eb ser ice publishe! on the /eb, parse its /S%8 !escription, an! pro!uce CH or 5isual =asic source co!e that your application can use to become a client of the XM8 /eb ser ice. The source co!e can create classes !eri e! from classes in the class library that han!le all the un!erlying communication using S9(7 an! XM8 parsing. (lthough you can use the class library to consume XM8 /eb ser ices !irectly, the /eb Ser ices %escription 8anguage tool an! the other tools containe! in the S%A facilitate your !e elopment efforts "ith the .N*T $rame"or'. If you !e elop an! publish your o"n XM8 /eb ser ice, the .N*T $rame"or' pro i!es a set of classes that conform to all the un!erlying communication

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stan!ar!s, such as S9(7, /S%8, an! XM8. ;sing those classes enables you to focus on the logic of your ser ice, "ithout concerning yourself "ith the communications infrastructure re4uire! by !istribute! soft"are !e elopment. $inally, li'e /eb $orms pages in the manage! en ironment, your XM8 /eb ser ice "ill run "ith the spee! of nati e machine language using the scalable communication of IIS.

ACT'4E SER4ER PA/ES0NET (S7.N*T is a programming frame"or' built on the common language runtime that can be use! on a ser er to buil! po"erful /eb applications. (S7.N*T offers se eral important a! antages o er pre ious /eb !e elopment mo!els6 Enhanced Performance0 (S7.N*T is compile! common language runtime co!e running on the ser er. ;nli'e its interprete! pre!ecessors, (S7.N*T can ta'e a! antage of early bin!ing, #ust0in0time compilation, nati e optimi+ation, an! caching ser ices right out of the bo&. This amounts to !ramatically better performance before you e er "rite a line of co!e. *or dHC ass Too Support0 The (S7.N*T frame"or' is complemente! by a rich toolbo& an! !esigner in the 5isual Stu!io integrate! !e elopment en ironment. />SI/>) e!iting, !rag0an!0!rop ser er controls, an! automatic !eployment are #ust a fe" of the features this po"erful tool pro i!es. Po"er and ( e)ibi ity0 =ecause (S7.N*T is base! on the common language runtime, the po"er an! fle&ibility of that entire platform is a ailable to /eb application !e elopers. The .N*T $rame"or' class library, Messaging, an! %ata (ccess solutions are all seamlessly accessible from the /eb. (S7.N*T is also language0in!epen!ent, so you can choose the language that best applies to your application or partition your application across many languages. $urther, common language runtime interoperability guarantees that your e&isting in estment in C9M0base! !e elopment is preser e! "hen migrating to (S7.N*T.

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Simp icity0 (S7.N*T ma'es it easy to perform common tas's, from simple form submission an! client authentication to !eployment an! site configuration. $or e&ample, the (S7.N*T page frame"or' allo"s you to buil! user interfaces that cleanly separate application logic from presentation co!e an! to han!le e ents in a simple, 5isual =asic 0 li'e forms processing mo!el. (!!itionally, the common language runtime simplifies !e elopment, "ith manage! co!e ser ices such as automatic reference counting an! garbage collection.

,ana$eabi ity0 (S7.N*T employs a te&t0base!, hierarchical configuration system, "hich simplifies applying settings to your ser er en ironment an! /eb applications. =ecause configuration information is store! as plain te&t, ne" settings may be applie! "ithout the ai! of local a!ministration tools. This N+ero local a!ministrationN philosophy e&ten!s to !eploying (S7.N*T $rame"or' applications as "ell. (n (S7.N*T $rame"or' application is !eploye! to a ser er simply by copying the necessary files to the ser er. No ser er restart is re4uire!, e en to !eploy or replace running compile! co!e.

Sca abi ity and Avai abi ity0 (S7.N*T has been !esigne! "ith scalability in min!, "ith features specifically tailore! to impro e performance in clustere! an! multiprocessor en ironments. $urther, processes are closely monitore! an! manage! by the (S7.N*T runtime, so that if one misbeha es 2lea's, !ea!loc's3, a ne" process can be create! in its place, "hich helps 'eep your application constantly a ailable to han!le re4uests.

CustomiJabi ity and E)tensibi ity0 (S7.N*T !eli ers a "ell0factore! architecture that allo"s !e elopers to Nplug0inN their co!e at the appropriate le el. In fact, it is possible to e&ten! or replace any subcomponent of the (S7.N*T runtime "ith your o"n custom0"ritten component. Implementing custom authentication or state ser ices has ne er been easier.

Security0

/ith

built

in

/in!o"s

authentication

an!

per0application

configuration, you can be assure! that your applications are secure.

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+AN/UA/E SUPPORT The Microsoft .N*T 7latform currently offers built0in support for three languages6 CH, 5isual =asic, an! :Script. *&AT 'S ASP0NET *E: (OR,SK The (S7.N*T /eb $orms page frame"or' is a scalable common language runtime programming mo!el that can be use! on the ser er to !ynamically generate /eb pages. Inten!e! as a logical e olution of (S7 2(S7.N*T pro i!es synta& compatibility "ith e&isting pages3, the (S7.N*T /eb $orms frame"or' has been specifically !esigne! to a!!ress a number of 'ey !eficiencies in the pre ious mo!el. In particular, it pro i!es6 The ability to create an! use reusable ;I controls that can encapsulate common functionality an! thus re!uce the amount of co!e that a page !e eloper has to "rite. The ability for !e elopers to cleanly structure their page logic in an or!erly fashion 2not Nspaghetti co!eN3. The ability for !e elopment tools to pro i!e strong />SI/>) !esign support for pages 2e&isting (S7 co!e is opa4ue to tools3. (S7.N*T /eb $orms pages are te&t files "ith an .asp& file name e&tension. They can be !eploye! throughout an IIS irtual root !irectory tree. /hen a bro"ser client re4uests .asp& resources, the (S7.N*T runtime parses an! compiles the target file into a .N*T $rame"or' class. This class can then be use! to !ynamically process incoming re4uests. 2Note that the .asp& file is compile! only the first time it is accesse!P the compile! type instance is then reuse! across multiple re4uests3. (n (S7.N*T page can be create! simply by ta'ing an e&isting .TM8 file an! changing its file name e&tension to .asp& 2no mo!ification of co!e is re4uire!3. $or e&ample, the follo"ing sample !emonstrates a simple .TM8 page that collects a

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userMs name an! category preference an! then performs a form postbac' to the originating page "hen a button is clic'e!6 (S7.N*T pro i!es synta& compatibility "ith e&isting (S7 pages. This inclu!es support for UV VW co!e ren!er bloc's that can be intermi&e! "ith .TM8 content "ithin an .asp& file. These co!e bloc's e&ecute in a top0!o"n manner at page ren!er time.

CO#EH:E&'N# *E: (OR,S (S7.N*T supports t"o metho!s of authoring !ynamic pages. The first is the metho! sho"n in the prece!ing samples, "here the page co!e is physically !eclare! "ithin the originating .asp& file. (n alternati e approach00'no"n as the co!e0behin! metho!00enables the page co!e to be more cleanly separate! from the .TM8 content into an entirely separate file. 'NTRO#UCT'ON TO ASP0NET SER4ER CONTRO+S In a!!ition to 2or instea! of3 using UV VW co!e bloc's to program !ynamic content, (S7.N*T page !e elopers can use (S7.N*T ser er controls to program /eb pages. Ser er controls are !eclare! "ithin an .asp& file using custom tags or intrinsic .TM8 tags that contain a runatLMserverM attributes .TM8 to tags one are of han!le! the by one is of the alue. Intrinsic in type the of controls the

System0*eb0U'0&tm Contro s namespace. (ny tag that !oesnMt e&plicitly map controls assigne! System0*eb0U'0&tm Contro s0&tm /enericContro . Ser er controls automatically maintain any client0entere! alues bet"een roun! trips to the ser er. This control state is not store! on the ser er 2it is instea! store! "ithin an Ninput typeLMhiddenMO form fiel! that is roun!0trippe! bet"een re4uests3. Note also that no client0si!e script is re4uire!. In a!!ition to supporting stan!ar! .TM8 input controls, (S7.N*T enables !e elopers to utili+e richer custom controls on their pages. $or e&ample, the

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follo"ing sample !emonstrates ho" the Nasp3adrotatorO control can be use! to !ynamically !isplay rotating a!s on a page. @. (S7.N*T /eb $orms pro i!e an easy an! po"erful "ay to buil! !ynamic /eb ;I. ?. (S7.N*T /eb $orms pages can target any bro"ser client 2there are no script library or coo'ie re4uirements3. B. (S7.N*T /eb $orms pages pro i!e synta& compatibility "ith e&isting (S7 pages. C. (S7.N*T ser er controls pro i!e an easy "ay to encapsulate common functionality. E. (S7.N*T ships "ith CE built0in ser er controls. %e elopers can also use controls built by thir! parties. F. (S7.N*T ser er controls can automatically pro#ect both up le el an! !o"n le el .TM8. G. (S7.N*T templates pro i!e an easy "ay to customi+e the loo' an! feel of list ser er controls. I. (S7.N*T ali!ation controls pro i!e an easy "ay to !o !eclarati e client or ser er !ata ali!ation.

CP0NET
A#O0NET O4ER4'E* (%9.N*T is an e olution of the (%9 !ata access mo!el that !irectly a!!resses user re4uirements for !e eloping scalable applications. It "as !esigne! specifically for the "eb "ith scalability, statelessness, an! XM8 in min!. (%9.N*T uses some (%9 ob#ects, such as the Connection an! Command ob#ects, an! also intro!uces ne" ob#ects. Aey ne" (%9.N*T ob#ects inclu!e the #ataSet, #ataReader, an! #ataAdapter.

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Project Report

The important !istinction bet"een this e ol e! stage of (%9.N*T an! pre ious !ata architectures is that there e&ists an ob#ect 00 the #ataSet 00 that is separate an! !istinct from any !ata stores. =ecause of that, the #ataSet functions as a stan!alone entity. >ou can thin' of the %ataSet as an al"ays !isconnecte! recor!set that 'no"s nothing about the source or !estination of the !ata it contains. Insi!e a #ataSet, much li'e in a !atabase, there are tables, columns, relationships, constraints, ie"s, an! so forth. ( #ataAdapter is the ob#ect that connects to the !atabase to fill the #ataSet. Then, it connects bac' to the !atabase to up!ate the !ata there, base! on operations performe! "hile the #ataSet hel! the !ata. In the past, !ata processing has been primarily connection0base!. No", in an effort to ma'e multi0 tiere! apps more efficient, !ata processing is turning to a message0base! approach that re ol es aroun! chun's of information. (t the center of this approach is the #ataAdapter, "hich pro i!es a bri!ge to retrie e an! sa e !ata bet"een a #ataSet an! its source !ata store. It accomplishes this by means of re4uests to the appropriate SD8 comman!s ma!e against the !ata store. The XM80base! #ataSet ob#ect pro i!es a consistent programming mo!el that "or's "ith all mo!els of !ata storage6 flat, relational, an! hierarchical. It !oes this by ha ing no M'no"le!geM of the source of its !ata, an! by representing the !ata that it hol!s as collections an! !ata types. No matter "hat the source of the !ata "ithin the #ataSet is, it is manipulate! through the same set of stan!ar! (7Is e&pose! through the #ataSet an! its subor!inate ob#ects. /hile the #ataSet has no 'no"le!ge of the source of its !ata, the manage! pro i!er has !etaile! an! specific information. The role of the manage! pro i!er is to connect, fill, an! persist the #ataSet to an! from !ata stores. The 98* %= an! SD8 Ser er .N*T %ata 7ro i!ers 2System.%ata.9le%b an! System.%ata.S4lClient3 that are part of the .Net $rame"or' pro i!e four basic ob#ects6 the Command, Connection, #ataReader an! #ataAdapter. In the remaining sections of this !ocument, "eMll "al' through each part of the #ataSet an! the 98* %=/SD8 - 56 -

Project Report

Ser er .N*T %ata 7ro i!ers e&plaining "hat they are, an! ho" to program against them. The follo"ing sections "ill intro!uce you to some ob#ects that ha e e ol e!, an! some that are ne". These ob#ects are6

Connections. $or connection to an! managing transactions against a !atabase. Commands. $or issuing SD8 comman!s against a !atabase. #ataReaders. $or rea!ing a for"ar!0only stream of !ata recor!s from a SD8 Ser er !ata source. #ataSets. $or storing, Remoting an! programming against flat !ata, XM8 !ata an! relational !ata. #ataAdapters. $or pushing !ata into a #ataSet, an! reconciling !ata against a !atabase. /hen !ealing "ith connections to a !atabase, there are t"o !ifferent

options6 SD8 Ser er .N*T %ata 7ro i!er 2System.%ata.S4lClient3 an! 98* %= .N*T %ata 7ro i!er 2System.%ata.9le%b3. In these samples "e "ill use the SD8 Ser er .N*T %ata 7ro i!er. These are "ritten to tal' !irectly to Microsoft SD8 Ser er. The 98* %= .N*T %ata 7ro i!er is use! to tal' to any 98* %= pro i!er 2as it uses 98* %= un!erneath3. Connections3 Connections are use! to Mtal' toM !atabases, an! are represente! by pro i!er0specific classes such as S! Connection. Comman!s tra el o er connections an! resultsets are returne! in the form of streams "hich can be rea! by a #ataReader ob#ect, or pushe! into a #ataSet ob#ect. Commands3 Comman!s contain the information that is submitte! to a !atabase, an! are represente! by pro i!er0specific classes such as S! Command. ( comman! can

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Project Report

be a store! proce!ure call, an ;7%(T* statement, or a statement that returns results. >ou can also use input an! output parameters, an! return statement against the North"ind !atabase. #ataReaders3 The #ataReader ob#ect is some"hat synonymous "ith a rea!0only/for"ar!0only cursor o er !ata. The #ataReader (7I supports flat as "ell as hierarchical !ata. ( #ataReader ob#ect is returne! after e&ecuting a comman! against a !atabase. The format of the returne! #ataReader ob#ect is !ifferent from a recor!set. $or e&ample, you might use the #ataReader to sho" the results of a search list in a "eb page. #ATASETS AN# #ATAA#APTERS3 #ataSets The #ataSet ob#ect is similar to the (%9 Recordset ob#ect, but more po"erful, an! "ith one other important !istinction6 the #ataSet is al"ays !isconnecte!. The #ataSet ob#ect represents a cache of !ata, "ith !atabase0li'e structures such as tables, columns, relationships, an! constraints. .o"e er, though a #ataSet can an! !oes beha e much li'e a !atabase, it is important to remember that #ataSet ob#ects !o not interact !irectly "ith !atabases, or other source !ata. This allo"s the !e eloper to "or' "ith a programming mo!el that is al"ays consistent, regar!less of "here the source !ata resi!es. %ata coming from a !atabase, an XM8 file, from co!e, or user input can all be place! into #ataSet ob#ects. Then, as changes are ma!e to the #ataSet they can be trac'e! an! erifie! before up!ating the source !ata. The /etChan$es metho! of the #ataSet ob#ect actually creates a secon! #atSet that contains only the changes to the !ata. This #ataSet is then use! by a #ataAdapter 2or other ob#ects3 to up!ate the original !ata source. alues as part of your comman! synta&. The e&ample belo" sho"s ho" to issue an INS*RT

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Project Report

The #ataSet has many XM8 characteristics, inclu!ing the ability to pro!uce an! consume XM8 !ata an! XM8 schemas. XM8 schemas can be use! to !escribe schemas interchange! ia /ebSer ices. In fact, a #ataSet "ith a schema can actually be compile! for type safety an! statement completion. #ATAA#APTERS EO+E#:6S<+F The #ataAdapter ob#ect "or's as a bri!ge bet"een the #ataSet an! the source !ata. ;sing the pro i!er0specific S! #ataAdapter 2along "ith its associate! S! Command an! S! Connection3 can increase o erall performance "hen "or'ing "ith a Microsoft SD8 Ser er !atabases. $or other 98* %=0supporte! !atabases, you "oul! use the O e#b#ataAdapter ob#ect an! its associate! O e#bCommand an! O e#bConnection ob#ects. The #ataAdapter ob#ect uses comman!s to up!ate the !ata source after changes ha e been ma!e to the #ataSet. ;sing the (i metho! of the #ataAdapter calls the S*8*CT comman!P using the Update metho! calls the INS*RT, ;7%(T* or %*8*T* comman! for each change! ro". >ou can e&plicitly set these comman!s in or!er to control the statements use! at runtime to resol e changes, inclu!ing the use of store! proce!ures. $or a!0hoc scenarios, a Command:ui der ob#ect can generate these at run0time base! upon a select statement. .o"e er, this run0time generation re4uires an e&tra roun!0trip to the ser er in or!er to gather re4uire! meta!ata, so e&plicitly pro i!ing the INS*RT, ;7%(T*, an! %*8*T* comman!s at !esign time "ill result in better run0time performance. @. ?. (%9.N*T is the ne&t e olution of (%9 for the .Net $rame"or'. (%9.N*T "as create! "ith n0Tier, statelessness an! XM8 in the forefront. T"o ne" ob#ects, the #ataSet an! #ataAdapter, are pro i!e! for these scenarios. B. C. (%9.N*T can be use! to get !ata from a stream, or to store !ata in a cache for up!ates. There is a lot more information about (%9.N*T in the !ocumentation. - 59 -

Project Report

E.

Remember, you can e&ecute a comman! !irectly against the !atabase in or!er to !o inserts, up!ates, an! !eletes. >ou !onMt nee! to first put !ata into a #ataSet in or!er to insert, up!ate, or !elete it.

F.

(lso, you can use a #ataSet to bin! to the !ata, mo e through the !ata, an! na igate !ata relationships

S<+ SER4ER
( !atabase management, or %=MS, gi es the user access to their !ata an! helps them transform the !ata into information. Such !atabase management systems inclu!e !=ase, para!o&, IMS, SD8 Ser er an! SD8 Ser er. ( !atabase is a structure! collection of !ata. These systems allo" users to create, up!ate an! e&tract information from their !atabase. %ata refers to the characteristics of people, things an! e ents. SD8 Ser er stores each !ata item in its o"n fiel!s. In SD8 Ser er, the fiel!s relating to a particular person, thing or e ent are bun!le! together to form a single complete unit of !ata, calle! a recor! 2it can also be referre! to as ra" or an occurrence3. *ach recor! is ma!e up of a number of fiel!s. No t"o fiel!s in a recor! can ha e the same fiel! name. %uring an SD8 Ser er %atabase !esign pro#ect, the analysis of your business nee!s i!entifies all the fiel!s or attributes of interest. e&isting fiel!s. S<+ SER4ER TA:+ES If your business nee!s change o er time, you !efine any a!!itional fiel!s or change the !efinition of

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Project Report

SD8 Ser er stores recor!s relating to each other in a table. %ifferent tables are create! for the arious groups of information. Relate! tables are groupe! together to form a !atabase. PR',AR5 .E5 * ery table in SD8 Ser er has a fiel! or a combination of fiel!s that uni4uely i!entifies each recor! in the table. The ;ni4ue i!entifier is calle! the 7rimary Aey, or simply the Aey. The primary 'ey pro i!es the means to !istinguish one recor! from all other in a table. It allo"s the user an! the !atabase system to i!entify, locate an! refer to one particular recor! in the !atabase.

RE+AT'ONA+ #ATA:ASE Sometimes all the information of interest to a business operation can be store! in one table. SD8 Ser er ma'es it e&ample. ery easy to lin' the !ata in multiple tables. Matching an employee to the !epartment in "hich they "or' is one This is "hat ma'es SD8 Ser er a relational !atabase management system, or R%=MS. It stores !ata in t"o or more tables an! enables you to !efine relationships bet"een the table an! enables you to !efine relationships bet"een the tables. (ORE'/N .E5 /hen a fiel! is one table matches the primary 'ey of another fiel! is referre! to as a foreign 'ey. ( foreign 'ey is a fiel! or a group of fiel!s in one table "hose alues match those of the primary 'ey of another table. RE(ERENT'A+ 'NTE/R'T5 Not only !oes SD8 Ser er allo" you to lin' multiple tables, it also maintains consistency bet"een them. *nsuring that the !ata among relate! tables is correctly matche! is referre! to as maintaining referential integrity.

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Project Report

#ATA A:STRACT'ON ( ma#or purpose of a !atabase system is to pro i!e users "ith an abstract ie" of the !ata. This system hi!es certain !etails of ho" the !ata is store! an! maintaine!. %ata abstraction is !i i!e! into three le els. Physica eve 6 This is the lo"est le el of abstraction at "hich one !escribes ho"

the !ata are actually store!. Conceptua +eve 6 them. 4ie" eve 6 This is the highest le el of abstraction at "hich one !escribes only part of the !atabase. A#4ANTA/ES O( R#:,S Re!un!ancy can be a oi!e! Inconsistency can be eliminate! %ata can be Share! Stan!ar!s can be enforce! Security restrictions ca be applie! Integrity can be maintaine! Conflicting re4uirements can be balance! %ata in!epen!ence can be achie e!. (t this le el of !atabase abstraction all the attribute! an!

"hat !ata are actually store! is !escribe! an! entries an! relationship among

#'SA#4ANTA/ES O( #:,S ( significant !isa! antage of the %=MS system is cost. In a!!ition to the cost of purchasing of !e eloping the soft"are, the har!"are has to be upgra!e! to allo" for the e&tensi e programs an! the "or'space re4uire! for their e&ecution an! storage. /hile centrali+ation re!uces !uplication, the lac' of !uplication

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Project Report

re4uires that the !atabase be a!e4uately bac'e! up so that in case of failure the !ata can be reco ere!. (EATURES O( S<+ SER4ER ER#:,S3 SD8 S*R5*R is one of the lea!ing !atabase management systems 2%=MS3 because it is the only %atabase that meets the uncompromising re4uirements of to!ay1s most !eman!ing information systems. $rom comple& !ecision support systems 2%SS3 to the most rigorous online transaction processing 298T73 application, e en application that re4uire simultaneous %SS an! 98T7 access to the same critical !ata, SD8 Ser er lea!s the in!ustry in both performance an! capability SD8 S*R5*R is a truly portable, !istribute!, an! open %=MS that !eli ers unmatche! performance, continuous operation an! support for e ery !atabase. SD8 S*R5*R R%=MS is high performance fault tolerant %=MS "hich is specially !esigne! for online transactions processing an! for han!ling large !atabase application. SD8 S*R5*R "ith transactions processing option offers t"o features "hich contribute to ery high le el of transaction processing throughput, "hich are The ro" le el loc' manager

ENTERPR'SE *'#E #ATA S&AR'N/ The unri ale! portability an! connecti ity of the SD8 S*R5*R %=MS enables all the systems in the organi+ation to be lin'e! into a singular, integrate! computing resource. PORTA:'+'T5 SD8 S*R5*R is fully portable to more than IK !istinct har!"are an! operating systems platforms, inclu!ing ;NIX, MS%9S, 9S/?, Macintosh an!

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Project Report

!o+ens of proprietary platforms.

This portability gi es complete free!om to

choose the !atabase se er platform that meets the system re4uirements. OPEN S5STE,S SD8 S*R5*R offers a lea!ing implementation of in!ustry Qstan!ar! SD8. SD8 Ser er1s open architecture integrates SD8 S*R5*R an! non QSD8 S*R5*R %=MS "ith in!ustries most comprehensi e collection of tools, application, an! thir! party soft"are pro!ucts SD8 Ser er1s 9pen architecture pro i!es transparent access to !ata from other relational !atabase an! e en non0relational !atabase. #'STR':UTE# #ATA S&AR'N/ SD8 Ser er1s net"or'ing an! !istribute! !atabase capabilities to access !ata store! on remote ser er "ith the same ease as if the information "as store! on a single local computer. ( single SD8 statement can access !ata at multiple sites. >ou can store !ata "here system re4uirements such as performance, security or a ailability !ictate. UN,ATC&E# PER(OR,ANCE The most a! ance! architecture in the in!ustry allo"s the SD8 S*R5*R %=MS to !eli er unmatche! performance.

SOP&'ST'CATE# CONCURRENC5 CONTRO+

Real /orl! applications !eman! access to critical !ata. /ith most !atabase Systems application becomes ,contention boun!- Q "hich performance is limite! not by the C7; po"er or by !is' I/9, but user "aiting on one another for !ata access . SD8 Ser er employs full, unrestricte! ro"0le el loc'ing an! contention free 4ueries to minimi+e an! in many cases entirely eliminates contention "ait times. NO '6O :OTT+ENEC.S

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SD8 Ser er1s fast commit groups commit an! !eferre! "rite technologies !ramatically re!uce !is' I/9 bottlenec's. /hile some !atabase "rite "hole !ata bloc' to !is' at commit time, SD8 Ser er commits transactions "ith at most se4uential log file on !is' at commit time, 9n high throughput systems, one se4uential "rites typically group commit multiple transactions. %ata rea! by the transaction remains as share! memory so that other transactions may access that !ata "ithout rea!ing it again from !is'. Since fast commits "rite all !ata necessary to the reco ery to the log file, mo!ifie! bloc's are "ritten bac' to the !atabase in!epen!ently of the transaction commit, "hen "ritten from memory to !is'.

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Chapter >

S5STE, #ES'/N

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>070 'NTRO#UCT'ON
Soft"are !esign sits at the technical 'ernel of the soft"are engineering process an! is applie! regar!less of the !e elopment para!igm an! area of application. %esign is the first step in the !e elopment phase for any engineere! pro!uct or system. The !esigner1s goal is to pro!uce a mo!el or representation of an entity that "ill later be built. =eginning, once system re4uirement ha e been specifie! an! analy+e!, system !esign is the first of the three technical acti ities 0!esign, co!e an! test that is re4uire! to buil! an! erify soft"are. The importance can be state! "ith a single "or! ,Duality-. %esign is the place "here 4uality is fostere! in soft"are !e elopment. %esign pro i!es us "ith representations of soft"are that can assess for 4uality. %esign is the only "ay that "e can accurately translate a customer1s ie" into a finishe! soft"are pro!uct or system. Soft"are !esign ser es as a foun!ation for all the soft"are engineering steps that follo". /ithout a strong !esign "e ris' buil!ing an unstable system Q

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one that "ill be !ifficult to test, one "hose 4uality cannot be assesse! until the last stage. %uring !esign, progressi e refinement of !ata structure, program structure, an! proce!ural !etails are !e elope! re ie"e! an! !ocumente!. System !esign can be ie"e! from either technical or pro#ect management perspecti e. $rom the technical point of ie", !esign is comprise! of four acti ities Q architectural !esign, !ata structure !esign, interface !esign an! proce!ural !esign.

>080 S5STE, *OR.(+O*

28ogging 5ia *mployee I%3 X :oin Chat Room X Sen!/ Recei e Messages X 8ogging 9ut 2Chat ,odu e3

28ogging 5ia *mployee I%3

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X X *nter Mail =o& X X 5ie"/ Sen!/ %elete Messages X X 8ogging 9ut 2,ai ,odu e3

NOR,A+'CAT'ON
It is a process of con erting a relation to a stan!ar! form. The process is use! to han!le the problems that can arise !ue to !ata re!un!ancy i.e. repetition of !ata in the !atabase, maintain !ata integrity as "ell as han!ling problems that can arise !ue to insertion, up!ation, !eletion anomalies. %ecomposing is the process of splitting relations into multiple relations to eliminate anomalies an! maintain anomalies an! maintain !ata integrity. this "e use normal forms or rules for structuring relation. 'nsertion anoma y6 Inability to a!! !ata to the !atabase !ue to absence of other !ata. #e etion anoma y6 ;ninten!e! loss of !ata !ue to !eletion of other !ata. Update anoma y6 %ata inconsistency resulting from !ata re!un!ancy an! partial up!ate Norma (orms6 anomalies. These are the rules for structuring relations that eliminate To !o

('RST NOR,A+ (OR,3 ( relation is sai! to be in first normal form if the atomic for e ery attribute in the relation. alues in the relation are

=y this "e mean simply that no - 69 -

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attribute alue can be a set of alues or, as it is sometimes e&presse!, a repeating group. SECON# NOR,A+ (OR,3 ( relation is sai! to be in secon! Normal form is it is in first normal form an! it shoul! satisfy any one of the follo"ing rules. @3 7rimary 'ey is a not a composite primary 'ey ?3 No non 'ey attributes are present B3 * ery non 'ey attribute is fully functionally !epen!ent on full set of primary 'ey. T&'R# NOR,A+ (OR,3 ( relation is sai! to be in thir! normal form if their e&its no transiti e !epen!encies. Transitive #ependency6 If t"o non 'ey attributes !epen! on each other as "ell as on the primary 'ey then they are sai! to be transiti ely !epen!ent. The abo e normali+ation principles "ere applie! to !ecompose the !ata in multiple tables thereby ma'ing the !ata to be maintaine! in a consistent state.

>0;0 E Q R #'A/RA,S
The relation upon the system is structure through a conceptual *R0 %iagram, "hich not only specifics the e&istential entities but also the stan!ar! relations through "hich the system e&ists an! the car!inalities that are necessary for the system state to continue. The entity Relationship %iagram 2*R%3 !epicts the relationship bet"een the !ata ob#ects. The *R% is the notation that is use! to con!uct the !ate mo!eling acti ity the attributes of each !ata ob#ect note! is the *R% can be !escribe! resign a !ata ob#ect !escriptions. The set of primary components that are i!entifie! by the *R% are

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%ata ob#ect (ttributes

Relationships 5arious types of in!icators.

The primary purpose of the *R% is to represent !ata ob#ects an! their relationships.

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>0;0 #ATA (+O* #'A/RA,S

( !ata flo" !iagram is graphical tool use! to !escribe an! analy+e mo ement of !ata through a system. These are the central tool an! the basis from "hich the other components are !e elope!. The transformation of !ata from input to output, through processe!, may be !escribe! logically an! in!epen!ently of physical components associate! "ith the system. logical !ata flo" !iagrams. implements !iagrams. an! mo ement of !ata bet"een These are 'no"n as the !epartments an! The physical !ata flo" !iagrams sho" the actual people,

"or'stations. ( full !escription of a system actually consists of a set of !ata flo" ;sing t"o familiar notations >our!on, )ane an! Sarson notation !e elops the !ata flo" !iagrams. *ach component in a %$% is labele! "ith a !escripti e name. 7rocess is further i!entifie! "ith a number that "ill be use! for i!entification purpose. The !e elopment of %$%1S is !one in se eral le els. *ach process in lo"er le el !iagrams can be bro'en !o"n into a more !etaile! %$% in the ne&t le el. The lop0le el !iagram is often calle! conte&t !iagram. It consists a single process bit, "hich plays le el %$%. The i!ea behin! the e&plosion of a process into more process is that un!erstan!ing at one le el of !etail is e&plo!e! into greater !etail at the ne&t le el. This is !one until further e&plosion is necessary an! an a!e4uate amount of !etail is !escribe! for analyst to un!erstan! the process. 8arry Constantine first !e elope! the %$% as a "ay of e&pressing system re4uirements in a graphical from, this lea! to the mo!ular !esign. ( %$% is also 'no"n as a ,bubble Chart- has the purpose of clarifying system re4uirements an! i!entifying ma#or transformations that "ill become programs in system !esign. So it is the starting point of the !esign to the lo"est le el of !etail. ( %$% consists of a series of bubbles #oine! by !ata flo"s in the system. - 73 ital role in stu!ying the current system. The process in the conte&t le el !iagram is e&plo!e! into other process at the first

Project Report

#(# S5,:O+S3 In the %$%, there are four symbols @. ( s4uare !efines a source2originator3 or !estination of system !ata ?. (n arro" i!entifies !ata flo". It is the pipeline through "hich the information flo"s B. ( circle or a bubble represents a process that transforms incoming !ata flo" into outgoing !ata flo"s. C. (n open rectangle is a !ata store, !ata at rest or a temporary repository of !ata

7rocess that transforms !ata flo".

Source or %estination of !ata %ata flo" %ata Store

CONSTRUCT'N/ A #(#3 Se eral rules of thumb are use! in !ra"ing %$%1S6 @. 7rocess shoul! be name! an! numbere! for an easy reference. shoul! be representati e of the process. ?. The !irection of flo" is from top to bottom an! from left to right. %ata tra!itionally flo" from source to the !estination although they may flo" bac' to the source. 9ne "ay to in!icate this is to !ra" long flo" line bac' to a source. *ach name

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(n alternati e "ay is to repeat the source symbol as a !estination. Since it is use! more than once in the %$% it is mar'e! "ith a short !iagonal. B. /hen a process is e&plo!e! into lo"er le el !etails, they are numbere!. C. The names of !ata stores an! !estinations are "ritten in capital letters. 7rocess an! !ataflo" names ha e the first letter of each "or' capitali+e! ( %$% typically sho"s the minimum contents of !ata store. *ach !ata store shoul! contain all the !ata elements that flo" in an! out. Duestionnaires shoul! contain all the !ata elements that flo" in an! out. Missing interfaces re!un!ancies an! li'e is then accounte! for often through inter ie"s. SA'+ENT (EATURES O( #(#DS @. The %$% sho"s flo" of !ata, not of control loops an! !ecision are controlle! consi!erations !o not appear on a %$%. ?. The %$% !oes not in!icate the time factor in ol e! in any process "hether the !ataflo" ta'e place !aily, "ee'ly, monthly or yearly. B. The se4uence of e ents is not brought out on the %$%. T5PES O( #ATA (+O* #'A/RA,S @. Current 7hysical ?. Current 8ogical B. Ne" 8ogical C. Ne" 7hysical CURRENT P&5S'CA+3 In Current 7hysical %$% proecess label inclu!e the name of people or their positions or the names of computer systems that might pro i!e some of the o erall system0processing label inclu!es an i!entification of the technology use! to process the !ata. Similarly !ata flo"s an! !ata stores are often labels "ith the

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names of the actual physical me!ia on "hich !ata are store! such as file fol!ers, computer files, business forms or computer tapes. CURRENT +O/'CA+3 The physical aspects at the system are remo e! as mush as possible so that the current system is re!uce! to its essence to the !ata an! the processors that transform them regar!less of actual physical form. NE* +O/'CA+6 This is e&actly li'e a current logical mo!el if the user "ere completely happy "ith he user "ere completely happy "ith the functionality of the current system but ha! problems "ith ho" it "as implemente! typically through the ne" logical mo!el "ill !iffer from current logical mo!el "hile ha ing a!!itional functions, absolute function remo al an! inefficient flo"s recogni+e!. NE* P&5S'CA+3 The ne" physical represents only the physical implementation of the ne" system. RU+ES /O4ERN'N/ T&E #(#DS PROCESS @3 No process can ha e only outputs. ?3 No process can ha e only inputs. If an ob#ect has only inputs than it must be a sin'. B3 ( process has a erb phrase label. #ATA STORE @3 %ata cannot mo e !irectly from one !ata store to another !ata store, a process must mo e !ata.

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?3 %ata cannot mo e !irectly from an outsi!e source to a !ata store, a process, "hich recei es, must mo e !ata from the source an! place the !ata into !ata store B3 ( !ata store has a noun phrase label. SOURCE OR S'N. The origin an! /or !estination of !ata. @3 %ata cannot mo e !irely from a source to sin' it must be mo e! by a process ?3 ( source an! /or sin' has a noun phrase lan! #ATA (+O* @3 ( %ata $lo" has only one !irection of flo" bet"een symbols. It may flo" in both !irections bet"een a process an! a !ata store to sho" a rea! before an up!ate. The later is usually in!icate! ho"e er by t"o separate arro"s since these happen at !ifferent type. ?3 ( #oin in %$% means that e&actly the same !ata comes from any of t"o or more !ifferent processes !ata store or sin' to a common location. B3 ( !ata flo" cannot go !irectly bac' to the same process it lea!s. There must be at least one other process that han!les the !ata flo" pro!uce some other !ata flo" returns the original !ata into the beginning process. C3 ( %ata flo" to a !ata store means up!ate 2!elete or change3. E3 ( !ata $lo" from a !ata store means retrie e or use. ( !ata flo" has a noun phrase label more than one !ata flo" noun phrase can appear on a single arro" as long as all of the flo"s on the same arro" mo e together as one pac'age.

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CONTEXT DIAGRAM

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Login DFD

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Admin Activities E7st +eve F

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Admin ,ana$e Country1 State1 City1 'ncome and Occupation #etai s

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Admin ,an$e Users

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User Activities E8nd +eve F

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Unified ,ode in$ +an$ua$e #ia$rams The unifie! mo!eling language allo"s the soft"are engineer to e&press an analysis mo!el using the mo!eling notation that is go erne! by a set of syntactic semantic an! pragmatic rules. ( ;M8 system is represente! using fi e !ifferent ie"s that !escribe ie" is !efine!

the system from !istinctly !ifferent perspecti e. *ach by a set of !iagram, "hich is as follo"s. User ,ode 4ie"

This ie" represents the system from the users perspecti e. The analysis representation !escribes a usage scenario from the en!0users perspecti e.

Structura mode vie" In this mo!el the !ata an! functionality are arri e! from insi!e the system. This mo!el ie" mo!els the static structures.

:ehaviora ,ode 4ie" It represents the !ynamic of beha ioral as parts of the system, !epicting the interactions of collection bet"een arious structural elements !escribe! in the user mo!el an! structural mo!el ie".

'mp ementation ,ode 4ie"

In this the structural an! beha ioral as parts of the system are represente! as they are to be built.

Environmenta ,ode 4ie" In this the structural an! beha ioral aspects of the en ironment in "hich the system is to be implemente! are represente!. U,+ is specifica y constructed throu$h t"o different domains they are - 84 -

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;M8 (nalysis mo!eling, "hich focuses on the user mo!el an! structural mo!el ie"s of the system ;M8 !esign mo!eling, "hich focuses on the beha ioral mo!eling, implementation mo!eling an! en ironmental mo!el ie"s.

INTR9%;CTI9N

T9 T.* ;NI$I*% M9%I$I*% 8(N);()* =uil!ing a mo!el for a soft"are system prior to its construction is as essential as ha ing a blueprint for buil!ing a large buil!ing. )oo! mo!els are essential for communication among pro#ect teams. (s the comple&ity of the systems increases, so !oes the importance of goo! mo!eling techni4ues. ( mo!eling language must inclu!e6 Model elements0 fun!amentally mo!eling concepts an! semantics. Notation0 isual ren!ering of mo!el elements )ui!elines0e&pression of usage "ithin tra!e The use of isual notation to represent or mo!el a problem can pro i!e us se eral benefits relating to clarity, familiarity, maintenance, an! simplification. The main reason for mo!eling is the re!uction of comple&ity. The ;nifie! Mo!eling 8anguage 2;M83 is a set of notations an! con entions use! to !escribe an! mo!el an application. The ;M8 is inten!e! to be a uni ersal language for mo!eling systems, meaning that it can e&press mo!els of many !ifferent 'in!s an! purposes, #ust as a programming language or a natural language can be use! in !ifferent "ays. ( ,mo!el- is an abstract representation of a system , constructe! to un!erstan! the system prior to buil!ing or mo!ifying it. The term ,systemis use! here in a broa! sense to inclu!e any process or structure. $or e&ample, the organi+ational structure of a corporation , health ser ices, computer soft"are, instruction of any sort 2inclu!ing computers3 , the national economy, an! so forth all "oul! be terme! ,systems-. The unifie! mo!eling language is a language for specifying, constructing, isuali+ing, an! !ocumenting the soft"are system an! its components. The ;M8 is a graphical language "ith sets of rules an! semantics. The rules an! semantics of a mo!el are e&presse! in *nglish, in - 85 -

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a form 'no"n as ,ob#ect constraint language-29C83.9C8 is a specification language that uses simple logic for specifying the properties of a system. The ;M8 is not inten!e! to be a isual programming language in the sense of ha ing all the necessary isual an! semantic support to replace programming languages. .o"e er, the ;M8 !oes ha e a tight mapping to a family of ob#ect0oriente! languages, so that you can get the best of both "orl!s. The primary $oa s in the desi$n of the U,+ "ere as fo o"s3 @. ?. B. C. E. F. G. U,+ 7ro i!e users rea!y0to0use, e&pensi e isual mo!eling languages so they can !e elop an! e&change meaningful mo!els. 7ro i!e e&ten!ibility an! speciali+ation mechanisms to e&ten! the core concepts. =e in!epen!ent of particular programming languages an! !e elopment process. 7ro i!e a formal basis for un!erstan!ing the mo!eling language. *ncourage the gro"th of the 99 tools mar'et. Support higher le el !e elopment concepts. Integrate best practices an! metho!ologies. is a an$ua$e used to3 ,5isuali+e- the soft"are system "ell0!efine! symbols. Thus a !e eloper or tool can unambiguously interpret a mo!el "ritten by another !e eloper, using ;M8 ,Specify the soft"are system an! help buil!ing precise, unambiguous an! complete mo!els. ,Construct- the mo!els of the soft"are system that can !irectly communicate "ith a ariety of programming languages. ,%ocument- mo!els of the soft"are system !uring its !e elopment stages.

Architectura vie"s and dia$rams of the U,+ The ;M8 Meta mo!el elements are organi+e! into !iagrams. %ifferent !iagrams are use! for - 86 -

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!ifferent purposes !epen!ing on the angle from "hich you are ie"ing the system. The !ifferent ie"s are calle! ,architectural ie"s-. (rchitectural ie"s facilitate the organi+ation of 'no"le!ge, an! !iagrams enable the communication of 'no"le!ge. Then 'no"le!ge itself is "ithin the mo!el or set of mo!els that focuses on the problem an! solution. The architectural ie"s an! their !iagrams are summari+e! belo"6 The Ruser mode vie"S encompasses a problem an! solution from the preser ati e of those in!i i!uals "hose problem the solution a!!resses. The ie" presents the goals an! ob#ecti es of the problem o"ners an! their re4uirements of the solution. This ie" is compose! of ,use case !iagrams-. These !iagrams !escribe the functionality pro i!e! by a system to e&ternal interactors. These !iagrams contain actors, use cases, an! their relationships. o Class diagrams !escribe the static structure of a system, or ho" it is !eclare! rather than ho" it beha es. These !iagrams contain classes an! associations. o object diagrams !escribe the static structure of a system at a particular time !uring its life. These !iagrams contain ob#ects an! lin's. The Rbehaviora mode vie"S encompasses the !ynamic or beha ioral aspects of a problem an! solution. The ie" is also 'no"n as the !ynamic, process, concurrent or collaborati e ie". This ie" is compose! of the follo"ing !iagrams6 o ,Sequence diagrams ren!er the specification of beha ior. These !iagrams !escribes the beha ior pro i!e! by a system to interactors. These !iagrams contain classes that e&change messages "ith in an interaction arrange! in time se4uence. In generic form, These !iagrams !escribe a set of message e&change se4uences among a set of classes. In instance form2scenarios3, these !iagrams !escribe one actual message e&change se4uence among ob#ects of those classes. o ,Collaboration diagrams ren!er ho" beha ior is reali+e! by components "ith in a system. These !iagrams contain classes, associations, an! their message e&changes "ith in a collaboration to accomplish a purpose. In generic form, these !iagrams !escribe a set of classes an! associations in ol e! in message e&change se4uences. In instance form2scenarios3,

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these !iagrams !escribe a set of ob#ects of those classes lin's confirming to the associations, an! one actual message e&change se4uence that inconsistent "ith the generic form an! uses those ob#ects an! lin's. ,State chart diagrams ren!er the states an! responses of a class participating in beha ior, an! the life cycle of an ob#ect. These !iagrams !escribe the beha ior of a class in response to e&ternal stimuli. ,Activity diagrams ren!er the acti ities of a class participating in beha ior. These !iagrams !escribe the beha ior of a class in response to internal processing rather than e&ternal e ents. (cti ity !iagrams !escribe the processing acti ities "ith in a class. The ,Implementation model view encompasses the structural an! beha ioral aspects of the solution1s reali+ation. This ie" is also 'no"n as the component or !e elopment ie" an! is compose! of ,component !iagrams-. These !iagrams !escribe the organi+ation of an! !epen!encies among soft"are implementation components. These !iagrams contain components an! their relationships. The ,Environment model view encompasses the structural an! beha ioral aspects of the !omain in "hich a solution must be reali+e!. This ie" is also 'no"n as the !eployment or physical ie". This ie" is compose! of ,!eployment !iagrams-. These !iagrams !escribe the configuration of processing resources elements an! the mapping of soft"are implementation components onto them. These !iagrams contain no!es, components an! their relationships.

U,+ #'A/RA,S * ery comple& system is best approache! through a small set of nearly in!epen!ent ie"s of a mo!elP no single ie"er is sufficient. * ery mo!el may be e&presse! at !ifferent le els of fi!elity. The best mo!els are connecte! to reality. The ;M8 !efines nine graphical !iagrams. @. Class !iagram ?. ;se0case !iagram B. Se4uence !iagram C. Collaboration !iagram E. (cti ity !iagram - 88 -

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Administrator (unctiona ities

Syst em Login

M a na ge Addre ss

Vie w Use rs Adm inist ra t or Login/ Logout

Ge t Fe e d Ba ck

Re port s

Log Out

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User Activities

Syst em Re gist e r

Login

Profile M a na ge m e nt User m a il

!"a t

#e nd Fe e d Ba ck

Log Out

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Se!uence #ia$rams Admin +o$in

Administrator

frmLogin

BL clsLogin

DL SqlHelper

Data Base

1 : Login() 2 : Chec AdminLogin() ! : "#ec$te %on&$ery() ' : "#ec$te %on&$ery()

( : )esponse for "#ec$te%on&$ery() * : +et )esponse()

, : )et$rn )esponse()

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Admin Add Ne" Country #etai s

Administrator

frmCo$ntry

BL clsCo$ntry

DL SqlHelper

Data Base

1 : Add%e-Co$ntry() 2 : .nsertCo$ntryDetails() ! : "#ec$te %on &$ery() ' : "#ec$te %on &$ery()

( : )esponse for "#ec$te %on &$ery() * : +et )esponse()

, : )et$rn )esponse()

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Admin Add Ne" State #etai s

Administrator frmState BL clsState DL SqlHelper Data Base

1 : Add%e-State() 2 : .nsertStateDetails() ! : "#ec$te %on &$ery() ' : "#ec$te %on &$ery()

( : )esponse for "#ec$te %on &$ery() * : +et )esponse()

, : )et$rn )esponse()

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Admin TracI User +o$in #etai s

Administrator

frmLogin/rac

BL clsLogin

DL SqlHelper

Data Base

1 : /rac 0serLoginDetails() 2 : +et0serLoginDetails() ! : "#ec$teDataSet() ' : "#ec$te Data Set()

( : )esponse for "#ec$te Data Set()

* : +et Login Details()

, : )et$rn Login Details()

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Admin TracI User +o$ Out #etai s

Administrator frmLog1$t/rac BL clsLogin DL SqlHelper Data Base

1 : /rac 0serLog1$tDetails() 2 : +et0serLog1$tDetails() ! : "#ec$teDataSet() ' : "#ec$te Data Set()

( : )esponse for "#ec$te Data Set()

* : +et Log1$t Details()

, : )et$rn Log1$t Details()

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User +o$in
0ser Login BL Login DL S&lHelper Data Base

1 : Login()

2 : 2alidate Data()

! : "#ec$te %on&$ery()

' : "#ec$te %on&$ery()

( : )esponse for "#ec$te %on&$ery()

* : +et )esponse

, : Sho- )es$lt

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User Activities

0ser

frmSendmail

BL cls3ails

DL SqlHelper

Data Base

1 : Sendmail() 2 : .nsert3ailDetails() ! : "#ec$te %on &$ery() ' : "#ec$te %on &$ery()

( : )esponse for "#ec$te %on &$ery() * : +et )esponse()

, : )et$rn )esponse()

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User Chat #etai s

0ser frmChat BL clschatDetails DL SqlHelper Data Base

1 : Chat() 2 : .nsertChatDetails() ! : "#ec$te %on &$ery() ' : "#ec$te %on &$ery()

( : )esponse for "#ec$te %on &$ery() * : +et )esponse()

, : )et$rn )esponse()

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Co aboration #ia$rams Admin +o$in

Data Base

' : "#ec$te %on&$ery()

DL SqlHelper

( : )esponse for "#ec$te%on&$ery()

! : "#ec$te %on&$ery()

, : )et$rn )esponse() * : +et )esponse() BL clsLogin frmLogin

2 : Chec AdminLogin()

1 : Login()

Administrator

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Admin Add Ne" Country #etai s

Data Base ( : )esponse for "#ec$te %on &$ery() ' : "#ec$te %on &$ery() BL clsCo$ntry ! : "#ec$te %on &$ery()

DL SqlHelper

2 : .nsertCo$ntryDetails() * : +et )esponse()

, : )et$rn )esponse()

frmCo$ntry

1 : Add%e-Co$ntry()

Administrator

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Admin Add Ne" State #etai s

DL SqlHelper ' : "#ec$te %on &$ery() Data Base

! : "#ec$te %on &$ery()

( : )esponse for "#ec$te %on &$ery()

BL clsState , : )et$rn )esponse() 2 : .nsertStateDetails() * : +et )esponse() frmState

1 : Add%e-State()

Administrator

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Admin TracI User +o$in #etai s

Data Base ' : "#ec$te Data Set()

( : )esponse for "#ec$te Data Set()

DL SqlHelper

! : "#ec$teDataSet()

BL clsLogin * : +et Login Details()

, : )et$rn Login Details() 2 : +et0serLoginDetails() frmLogin/rac

1 : /rac 0serLoginDetails()

Administrator

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Admin TracI User +o$ Out #etai s

Data Base ' : "#ec$te Data Set()

( : )esponse f or "#ec$te Data Set() DL SqlHelper ! : "#ec$teDataSet()

BL clsLogin

* : +et Log1$t Details()

, : )et$rn Log1$t Details() 2 : +et0serLog1$tDetails() frmLog1$t/rac

1 : /rac 0serLog1$tDetails() Administrator

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User Login

Data Base

( : )esponse for "#ec$te %on&$ery() ' : "#ec$te %on&$ery()

DL SqlHelper

! : "#ec$te %on&$ery()

BL 0serLogin

2 : Chec 0ser() * : +et )esponse() , : Sho- )es$lt()

Login

1 : Login()

0ser

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User Chat Details

Data Base ' : "#ec$te %on &$ery()

( : )esponse for "#ec$te %on &$ery() ! : "#ec$te %on &$ery()

DL SqlHelper

BL clschatDetails * : +et )esponse() , : )et$rn )esponse()

2 : .nsertChatDetails()

frmChat

1 : Chat()

0ser

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C ient Server :ased +ive ,eetin$ Activity #ia$rams User Registration Activity

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Login Activity:

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Admin Activities

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User Activities

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Admin User +o$in +o$out #etai s

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Admin User #etai s Report

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C ass #ia$rams

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#ep oyment #ia$rams

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Chapter ? EPaste 5our Output ScreensF

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S5STE, TEST'N/ AN# ',P+E,ENTAT'ON

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@070 'NTRO#UCT'ON
Soft"are testing is a critical element of soft"are 4uality assurance an! represents the ultimate re ie" of specification, !esign an! co!ing. In fact, testing is the one step in the soft"are engineering process that coul! be !estructi e rather than constructi e. ( strategy for soft"are testing integrates soft"are test case !esign metho!s into a "ell0planne! series of steps that result in the successful construction of soft"are. Testing is the set of acti ities that can be planne! in a! ance an! con!ucte! systematically. The un!erlying moti ation of program testing is to affirm soft"are 4uality "ith metho!s that can economically an! effecti ely apply to both strategic to both large an! small0scale systems. ie"e! as

@080 STRATE/'C APPROAC& TO SO(T*ARE TEST'N/

The soft"are engineering process can be ie"e! as a spiral. Initially system engineering !efines the role of soft"are an! lea!s to soft"are re4uirement analysis "here the information !omain, functions, beha ior, performance, constraints an! ali!ation criteria for soft"are are establishe!. Mo ing in"ar!

along the spiral, "e come to !esign an! finally to co!ing. To !e elop computer soft"are "e spiral in along streamlines that !ecrease the le el of abstraction on each turn. ( strategy for soft"are testing may also be ie"e! in the conte&t of the

spiral. ;nit testing begins at the erte& of the spiral an! concentrates on each unit of the soft"are as implemente! in source co!e. Testing progress by mo ing out"ar! along the spiral to integration testing, "here the focus is on the !esign an! the construction of the soft"are architecture. Tal'ing another turn on out"ar! on the spiral "e encounter ali!ation testing "here re4uirements establishe! as part of soft"are re4uirements analysis are ali!ate! against the soft"are that has

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been constructe!. $inally "e arri e at system testing, "here the soft"are an! other system elements are teste! as a "hole.

UNIT TESTING

MODULE TESTING

Component /esting

SUB-SYSTEM TESING

SYSTEM TESTING

.ntegration /esting

0ser /esting

ACCEPTANCE TESTING

@090 Unit Testin$

;nit testing focuses erification effort on the smallest unit of soft"are !esign, the mo!ule. The unit testing "e ha e is "hite bo& oriente! an! some mo!ules the steps are con!ucte! in parallel. 70 *&'TE :O% TEST'N/ This type of testing ensures that (ll in!epen!ent paths ha e been e&ercise! at least once (ll logical !ecisions ha e been e&ercise! on their true an! false si!es (ll loops are e&ecute! at their boun!aries an! "ithin their operational boun!s (ll internal !ata structures ha e been e&ercise! to assure their ali!ity.

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To follo" the concept of "hite bo& testing "e ha e teste! each form ."e ha e create! in!epen!ently to erify that %ata flo" is correct, (ll con!itions are e&ercise! to chec' their ali!ity, (ll loops are e&ecute! on their boun!aries. 80 :AS'C PAT& TEST'N/ *stablishe! techni4ue of flo" graph "ith Cyclomatic comple&ity "as use! to !eri e test cases for all the functions. The main steps in !eri ing test cases "ere6 ;se the !esign of the co!e an! !ra" correspon!ent flo" graph. %etermine the Cyclomatic comple&ity of resultant flo" graph, using formula6 52)3Y*0NT? or 52)3Y7T@ or 52)3YNumber 9f Regions /here 52)3 is Cyclomatic comple&ity, * is the number of e!ges, N is the number of flo" graph no!es, 7 is the number of pre!icate no!es. %etermine the basis of set of linearly in!epen!ent paths. 90 CON#'T'ONA+ TEST'N/ In this part of the testing each of the con!itions "ere teste! to both true an! false aspects. (n! all the resulting paths "ere teste!. So that each path that may be generate on particular con!ition is trace! to unco er any possible errors. ;0 #ATA (+O* TEST'N/ This type of testing selects the path of the program accor!ing to the location of !efinition an! use of ariables. This 'in! of testing "as use! only "hen some local ariable "ere !eclare!. The definition use chain metho! "as use! in this type of testing. These "ere particularly useful in neste! statements.

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=0 +OOP TEST'N/ In this type of testing all the loops are teste! to all the limits possible. The follo"ing e&ercise "as a!opte! for all loops6 (ll the loops "ere teste! at their limits, #ust abo e them an! #ust belo" them. (ll the loops "ere s'ippe! at least once. $or neste! loops test the inner most loop first an! then "or' out"ar!s. $or concatenate! loops the alues of !epen!ent loops "ere set "ith the help of connecte! loop. ;nstructure! loops "ere resol e! into neste! loops or concatenate! loops an! teste! as abo e. *ach unit has been separately teste! by the !e elopment team itself an! all the input ha e been ali!ate!.

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Chapter A

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System Security

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A070 'ntroduction
The protection of computer base! resources that inclu!es har!"are, soft"are, !ata, proce!ures an! people against unauthori+e! use or natural %isaster is 'no"n as System Security. System Security can be !i i!e! into four relate! issues6 Security Integrity 7ri acy Confi!entiality

S5STE, SECUR'T5 refers to the technical inno ations an! proce!ures applie! to the har!"are an! operation systems to protect against !eliberate or acci!ental !amage from a !efine! threat. #ATA SECUR'T5 is the protection of !ata from loss, !isclosure, mo!ification an! !estruction. S5STE, 'NTE/R'T5 refers to the po"er functioning of har!"are an! programs, appropriate physical security an! safety against e&ternal threats such as ea es!ropping an! "iretapping. PR'4AC5 !efines the rights of the user or organi+ations to !etermine "hat information they are "illing to share "ith or accept from others an! ho" the organi+ation can be protecte! against un"elcome, unfair or e&cessi e !issemination of information about it.

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CON('#ENT'A+'T5 is a special status gi en to sensiti e information in a !atabase to minimi+e the possible in asion of pri acy. It is an attribute of information that characteri+es its nee! for protection.

A080 SECUR'T5 'N SO(T*ARE

System security refers to only arious ali!ations on !ata in form of chec's an! ali! operations are performe! on the system. controls to a oi! the system from failing. It is al"ays important to ensure that ali! !ata is entere! an! only The system employees t"o types of chec's an! controls6 C+'ENT S'#E 4A+'#AT'ON 5arious client si!e ali!ations are use! to ensure on the client si!e that only ali! !ata is entere!. Client si!e ali!ation sa es ser er time an! loa! to han!le in ali! !ata. Some chec's impose! are6 5=Script in use! to ensure those re4uire! fiel!s are fille! "ith suitable !ata only. Ma&imum lengths of the fiel!s of the forms are appropriately !efine!. $orms cannot be submitte! "ithout filling up the man!atory !ata so that manual mista'es of submitting empty fiel!s that are man!atory can be sorte! out at the client si!e to sa e the ser er time an! loa!. Tab0in!e&es are set accor!ing to the nee! an! ta'ing into account the ease of user "hile "or'ing "ith the system. SER4ER S'#E 4A+'#AT'ON Some chec's cannot be applie! at client si!e. Ser er si!e chec's are necessary to sa e the system from failing an! intimating the user that some in ali! operation has been performe! or the performe! operation is restricte!. Some of the ser er si!e chec's impose! is6 Ser er si!e constraint has been impose! to chec' for the ali!ity of primary 'ey an! foreign 'ey. ( primary 'ey alue cannot be !uplicate!. (ny attempt to

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!uplicate the primary those ;ser

alue results into a message intimating the user about

alues through the forms using foreign 'ey can be up!ate! only of the is intimating through appropriate messages about the successful

e&isting foreign 'ey alues.

operations or e&ceptions occurring at ser er si!e. 5arious (ccess Control Mechanisms ha e been built so that one user may not agitate upon another. (ccess permissions to arious types of users are

controlle! accor!ing to the organi+ational structure. 9nly permitte! users can log on to the system an! can ha e access accor!ing to their category. ;ser0 name, pass"or!s an! permissions are controlle! o the ser er si!e. ;sing ser er si!e impose!. ali!ation, constraints on se eral restricte! operations are

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Chapter 7B

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CONC+US'ON

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It has been a great pleasure for me to "or' on this e&citing an! challenging pro#ect. This pro#ect pro e! goo! for me as it pro i!e! practical 'no"le!ge of not only programming in (S7.N*T an! 5=.N*T/CH.N*T "eb base! application an! no some e&tent /in!o"s (pplication an! SD8 Ser er, but also about all han!ling proce!ure relate! "ith RC ient Server :ased +ive ,eetin$S0 It also pro i!es 'no"le!ge about the latest technology use! in !e eloping "eb enable! application an! client ser er technology that "ill be great !eman! in future. This "ill pro i!e better opportunities an! gui!ance in future in !e eloping pro#ects in!epen!ently. :ENE('TS3 The pro#ect is i!entifie! by the merits of the system offere! to the user. The merits of this pro#ect are as follo"s6 0 It1s a "eb0enable! pro#ect. This pro#ect offers user to enter the !ata through simple an! interacti e forms. This is ery helpful for the client to enter the !esire! information through so ali!ity of the !ata, "hate er he

much simplicity. The user is mainly more concerne! about the

is entering. There are chec's on e ery stages of any ne" creation, !ata entry or up!ation so that the user cannot enter the in ali! !ata, "hich can create problems at later !ate. Sometimes the user fin!s in the later stages of using pro#ect that he nee!s to up!ate some of the information that he entere! earlier. There are options for him by "hich he can up!ate the recor!s. Moreo er there is restriction for him that he cannot change the primary !ata fiel!. This 'eeps the ali!ity of the !ata to longer e&tent. ;ser is pro i!e! the option of monitoring the recor!s he entere! earlier. .e can see the !esire! recor!s "ith the ariety of options pro i!e! by him. - 130 -

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$rom e ery part of the pro#ect the user is pro i!e! "ith the lin's through framing so that he can go from one option of the pro#ect to other as per the re4uirement. This is boun! to be simple an! the primary concerns of any goo! pro#ect. ery frien!ly as per the user is concerne!. That is, "e can see that the pro#ect is user frien!ly "hich is one of

%ata storage an! retrie al "ill become faster an! easier to maintain because !ata is store! in a systematic manner an! in a single !atabase. %ecision ma'ing process "oul! be greatly enhance! because of faster processing of information since !ata collection from information a ailable on computer ta'es much less time then manual system.

(llocating of sample results becomes much faster because at a time the user can see the recor!s of last years. *asier an! faster !ata transfer through latest technology associate! "ith the computer an! communication. Through these features it "ill increase the efficiency, accuracy an!

transparency, +','TAT'ONS3 The si+e of the !atabase increases !ay0by0!ay, increasing the loa! on the !atabase bac' up an! !ata maintenance acti ity. Training for simple computer operations is necessary for the the system. users "or'ing on

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Chapter 77

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:':+'O/RAP&5

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(OR 0NET 'NSTA++AT'ON """.support.mircosoft.com (OR #EP+O5,ENT AN# PAC.'N/ ON SER4ER """.!e eloper.com """.@Esecon!s.com

(OR S<+ """.ms!n.microsoft.com (OR ASP0NET """.ms!n.microsoft.com/net/4uic'start/aspplus/!efault.com """.asp.net """.fme&pense.com/4uic'start/aspplus/!efault.com """.aspto!ay.com """.aspfree.com """.Cguysfromrolla.com/in!e&.asp&

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