ES 240

Solid Mecha nics

Z. Suo

Homework Due Friday, 27 October

21 . A fib er in an infinit e m a trix Consid er a long fiber of radius a emb e d d e d in an infinite ma trix. Each mat e ri al is isotropic, homo g e n e o u s and linearly elas tic. hey ha! e differe n t elas tic cons t a n t s and coefficient s of ther m al exp a n sio n, " E f , f , f # and " E m , m , m #. a# $eter mi n e the residu al stre s s field upon cooling from the proce s sin g te m p e r a t u r e . %our solution should be correct o!er the ma&or portion of the comp o sit e , but ne e d not be !alid ne ar the fiber ends . b# $o the proble m ag ain 'hen the matrix is a finite cylinder 'ith out er radius b . 22 . Anti- pla n e sh e a r (n infinite bloc) cont aining a circular tunn el is in a stat e of anti* plan e she a r. his me a n s that the only non* !anis hin g displac e m e n t is w " x,y #. a# Starting 'ith the gen e r al go!er nin g e+u a tio n s in thre e dime n sio n s , and sho' that 2 w = 0 . b# ,ind a gen e r al solution by sep a r a tio n of !ariable s , w " r, # R " r # " #. c# .f the bloc) is sub&ect zx = zy = at the infinity, calculat e the maxi m u m she a r stre s s at the hole. "/int0 1ote w ~ y/ at infinity#

x z

ES 240 23 .

Solid Mecha nics

Z. Suo

Sain t Ven a n t ' s prin ci p l e for orth o t r o p i c m a t e ri a l s ,or a half plan e sub&ect e d to a sinus oid al surfac e stres s , as discus s e d in the class, the ma g nit u d e of the stre s s is found to dec a y as exp"* 2 x/L #, 'her e x is the dept h ben e a t h the surfac e, and L the period of the applied traction. L22 is ther efor e called deca y lengt h . his result is interpr e t e d as a ma nifes t a tio n of Saint 3enan t4 s principle. a# ,ind the solution to the sa m e proble m for ortho tr o pic mat e ri als. b# 5hat is the deca y lengt h for ortho tr o pic mat e ri als 6 7lot and interpr e t your results. c# .n doing tensile test of polym e ric* matrix comp o sit e s 'ith loading along fibers, a gau g e lengt h longer tha n that for isotropic mat e ri als might be reco m m e n d e d . 8i!e an explan a tio n. /o' much long er 'ould you reco m m e n d 6 24 . Plan e prob l e m s with no len g t h sc al e .n class 'e ha! e describ e d a met h o d to sol!e a class of elas ticity proble m s , such as a half spac e sub&ect to a line force P "force per unit lengt h#. ,or such a proble m , linearity and dime n sio n al consid er a tio n s de m a n d that the stres s field ta)e the form
ij =
P g ij ( ) , r

'her e g ij are function s of , but are indep e n d e n t of r . "a# Sho' that the (iry stre s s function consist e n t 'ith the abo! e stres s field and satisfying the bihar m o nic e+u a tio n can be 'ritte n as ( r , ) = P ( Ar log r cos + Br log r sin + Cr sin + Dr cos ) . "b# 9se this me t h o d to det er mi n e the stre s s field in a full spac e sub&ect to a line force. "/int0 displac e m e n t mus t be single* !alue d.# 25 . or e sc ali n g rela ti o n s ! a half sp a c e fille " with a po w e r - law material :eyond the linearly elas tic rang e , met als and polym e r s can often be describ e d 'ith a po' er* la' stre s s* strain relation. he stre s s* strain relation und er uniaxial tension may be 'ritte n as = ! , 'her e ! "a +ua n tity of dime n sio n of stre s s # and "a dime n sio nle s s num b e r# are para m e t e r s us ed to fit the stres s strain relation exp eri m e n t a lly

ES 240

Solid Mecha nics

Z. Suo

me a s u r e d for a gi!en mat e ri al. 5e can the n gen e r ali;e this uniaxial stre s s* strain relation to a multi* axial stre s s* strain relation0 ij = !f ij ( << , 22 ,...) . o pres e r ! e the po' er la', 'e stipula t e that of po' er .
f ij

are homo g e n o u s function

hat is, for any nu mb e r , the follo'ing identity holds true0 f ij ( << , 22 ,...) = f ij (<< , 22 ,...) .

=f cours e, linear elas ticity is a special cas e. "Som e peopl e may recog ni; e that the " 2 defor m a ti o n theor y produc e s such a multi* axial stres s* strain relation.# 1o' imagin e that a po' er* la' mat e ri al fills a half spac e, on the surfac e of 'hich is applied a conce n t r a t e d force #. "a# >ist all go!er nin g e+u a tio n s of this thre e* dime n sio n al boun d a r y !alue proble m. "b# >et ( r ,, ) be a sph eric al coordin a t e cent e r e d at the point 'her e the conce n t r a t e d force # is applied. Sho' that the stres s , strain, and displac e m e n t fields ta)e the follo'ing form
ij =
# g ij ( , ) r2
<2

ij =

# 2 !r

hij ( , ) r$i ( , )

'her e g ij , hij and $i are dime n sio nl e s s functions of (,) .

# %i = 2 !r

<2

hes e functions and oth er

are indep e n d e n t of r, # and !, but may dep e n d on dime n sio nl e s s para m e t e r s that specify the stre s s* strain relation.