Basics of Computer

What is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or "data." It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You can use a computer to type documents, send email, and surf the Internet. You can also use it to handle spreadsheets, accounting, database management, presentations, games, and more. Whether you realize it or not, computers play an important role in our lives. When you withdraw cash from an AT , scan groceries at the store, or use a calculator, you!re using a type of computer. Computers consist of two basic parts
a) Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the

computer monitor or "eyboard

b) Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. It is what

guides the hardware and tells it how to accomplish each tas". #ome e$amples of software are web browsers, games, and word processors.

Different types of Computers Note: The first electronic computer, the %lectronic &umerical Integrator and 'omputer (%&IA'), was developed in *+,-. It measured *. feet by ./ feet and weighed 0/ tons. Generations of computers The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. %ach generation of computer is characterized by a ma1or technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices. ! "irst Generation # $%&' $()! *acuum +ubes The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, ta"ing up entire rooms. They were very e$pensive to operate

and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions. 2irst generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest3level programming language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time. Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts. %$4 The 5&I6A' and %&IA' computers are e$amples of first3generation computing devices. The 5&I6A' was the first commercial computer delivered to a business client, the 5.#. 'ensus 7ureau in *+8*. ,! Second Generation # $()' $)-! +ransistors Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. The transistor was invented in *+,9 but did not see widespread use in computers until the late *+8/s. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy3efficient and more reliable than their first3 generation predecessors. Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that sub1ected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement over the vacuum tube. #econd3generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output. #econd3generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words. :igh3level programming languages were also being developed at this time, such as early versions of ';7;< and 2;=T=A&. These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology. The first computers of this generation were developed for the atomic energy industry. -! +hird Generation # $)%' $. ! /nte0rated Circuits The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmar" of the third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers. Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through "eyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. 'omputers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.

%! "ourth Generation # $. '1resent! 2icroprocessors The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel ,//, chip, developed in *+9*, located all the components of the computer>from the central processing unit and memory to input?output controls>on a single chip. In *+.* I7 introduced its first computer for the home user, and in *+., Apple introduced the acintosh. icroprocessors also moved out of the realm of des"top computers and into many areas of life as more and more everyday products began to use microprocessors. As these small computers became more powerful, they could be lin"ed together to form networ"s, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. 2ourth generation computers also saw the development of @5Is, the mouse and handheld devices. (! "ifth Generation #1resent and Beyond! 3rtificial /ntelli0ence 2ifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to ma"e artificial intelligence a reality.

2/C45S"5+ W54D ,&&.

5verview of 2icrosoft 5ffice ,&&. s ;ffice A//9 is an application suite or a application pac"age consisting of different application tools li"e # Word, # %$cel, # Bublisher etc to develop various applications li"e designing the professional documents, automation of mathematical calculations, designing of websites etc. # ;ffice A//9 suite is from icrosoft 'ompany. #imilarly li"e # ;ffice there are different application pac"ages from other companies li"e #5& ( ;pen ;ffice.org),=%C :AT etc.7ut among all, the # ;ffice is one of the simplified ones used most commonly by the people of all ages. # ;ffice A//9 is a newer version after # ;ffice A//0, where few new features li"e ;ffice button, symbols etc were included in A//9 version. 1ath to locate the 2icrosoft 5ffice is #TA=T A//9 What is 2S Word icrosoft Word is a word processing application from icrosoft. B=;@=A # I'=;#2T ;22I'%

Bowerful tool to create professional loo"ing documents. Allows you to write letters, articles, reports, thesis, resume etcD "eatures of 2S Word ,&&. Wor"ing With 2iles Wor"ing With Te$t 2ormatting Baragraphs Te$t #tyles <ists Tables @raphics #pelling and @rammar Bage 2ormatting acros Table of 'ontents ail erge Trac" 'hanges

 Eeyboard shortcuts

Components of 2S Word *) # ;ffice button4 An option consisting of many options li"e creating, opening, printing, saving, closing a document.

A) Fuic" Access tool bar4 This is an area which consists of different shortcuts for the user. 5ser can add or remove the shortcuts from this Guic" access toolbar. 0) Title bar4 This tells the name of the document. ,) =ibbon4 This tool consists of various tabs. In turn, each tab had got the group of commands. 7y default ribbon consists of seven tabs with different commands built in it. 8) :orizontal and vertical scroll bars4 These are used to scroll the document pages either horizontally or vertically. -) Cocument layout options. 9) #cale4 This is used to set the page margins and to format the paragraphs.

2S 5""/C6 W54D ,&&. +3S7 5b8ectives of 2S Word ,&&. +as9 / *) A) 0) ,) 8) -) 9) .) +) Applying the te$t effects Applying the font effects Applying the borders to the page ,to the te$t. Inserting the header and footer 'reat,open,save and print a document 'omponents of # Word

#tri"e through effect Inserting the drop cap. Applying the bac"ground shadow to the te$t or to the paragraph.

Steps for the 2S Word ,&&. +as9 / *. To apply the font effects a.'lic" on the :; % tab and then clic" on the 2;&T tab and then select the reGuired font effect li"e 7old,Italic,2ont colour ,#tri"ethrough effect etc. b. 'lic" on the :; % tab and then clic" on the 2;&T tab dialogue bo$ launcher to change the font effects li"e superscript etc A. To apply the paragrapd effects a.'lic" on the :; % tab and then clic" on the BA=A@=AB: tab and then select the effect li"e #hading,inserting the bullets ,'hanging the paragraph indentation etc 0. To insert the :eader or footer a.'lic" on the I&#%=T tab and then clic" on the :%AC%= H 2;;T%= tab to insert the header ,footer,page number etc. ,. To apply the borders to the page,te$t,font and to change the page colour a.'lic" on the BA@% <AY;5T tab and then clic" on the BA@% 7A'E@=;5&C and then select the reGuired page borders option.

b. 'lic" on the BA@% <AY;5T tab and then clic" on the BA@% 7A'E@=;5&C and then select the page colour option to change the page colour. 8. To insert the drop cap a.'lic" on the I&#%=T tab and then clic" on the T%IT tab and select the drop cap option. 2S 5""/C6 W54D ,&&. +3S7 // 5b8ectives of 2S Word ,&&. +as9 // *) Inserting a table A) Applying and removing the borders to the cells 0) Applying the border to the table ,) 2illing a cell with a colour 8) Applying the border to a paragraph -) 'hanging the te$t direction 9) Applying the border to the page .) Applying the bullets to the paragraphs Steps for the 2S Word ,&&. +as9 // *. To insert the table a.'lic" on the I&#%=T tab and then clic" on the TA7<%# tab and then select the insert table option A. To apply the shading to the table cells a.#elect the cell,clic" on the :; % tab and clic" on the BA=A@=AB: tab and then select the shading option. 0. To enable or disable the borders to the table cells a.#elect the cells,and then right clic" the mouse button and select the borders and shading option. ,. To apply the borders to paragraphs a.#elect the paragraph,and then right clic" the mouse button and select the borders and shading option. 8. To change the te$t direction a.#elect the te$t ,right clic" tht mouse button and select the te$t direction option. -. To apply the border to the table

a.#elect the table,right clic" the mouse button an d select the borders and shading option. 9. To apply the bullets to the paragraphs a.#elect the paragraph and clic" on the :; % tab and clic" on the BA=A@=AB: tab and select the bullets option to be applied. .. To insert the hyperlin" a.@et ready the web pages and web address b.'lic" on the I&#%=T tab and then clic" on <I&E# tab and select the hyperlin" option 2S 5""/C6 W54D ,&&. +3S7 /// 5b8ectives of 2S Word ,&&. +as9 /// *) Cividing a page into different coloumns A) Inserting the cliparts and wordart 0) Inserting the shapes ,) 2illing the inserted shapes with different colours 8) Applying the bac"ground shade to the paragraphs -) Eeyboard shortcuts for # Word A//9 9) %nabling and disabling the developer tab in # ;ffice A//9 ribbon .) Assigning the protective passwords to the word documents. Steps for the 2S Word ,&&. +as9 /// *. To set the page layout having different coloumns a.'lic" on the BA@% <AY;5T tab and then clic" on the BA@% #%T5B tab and then select the coloumns option A. To insert the 'lip art and Word art a.'lic" on the I&#%=T tab and then clic" on the I<<5#T=ATI;&# tab and then select the 'lip art option. b.'lic" on the I&#%=T tab and then clic" on the T%IT tab and then select the Word art option 0. To insert the shapes a.'lic" on the I&#%=T tab and then clic" on I<<5#T=ATI;& tab and then select the shapes option. ,. To apply the borders to the paragraph. a. 'lic" on the BA@% <AY;5T tab and clic" on the BA@% 7A'E@=;5&C tab and then clic" on the BA@% 7;=C%=# option and select the borders option.

2S 5""/C6 W54D ,&&. +3S7 /*

5b8ectives for the 2S Word ,&&. +3S7 /* *. %nabling and disabling the developer tab A. Inserting the Te$t and 'hec" bo$ form fields 0. Inserting a table ,. 7uilding up the recipients database for the mail merge application 8. #tarting the mail merge application Steps for the 2S Word ,&&. +as9 /* *. To insert the table a.'lic" on the I&#%=T tab and then clic" on the TA7<%# tab and then select the insert table option A. To enable or disable the developer tab in the ribbon 'lic" on the # ;22I'% button and the clic" on the W;=C ;BTI;&# and clic" on the B;B5E<A= option and then chec" the show developer tab option in the ribbon. 0. To insert the Te$t form or 'hec" bo$ from field 'lic" on the C%6%<;B%= tab and then clic" on the ';&T=;<# tab and select the te$t form or chec" bo$ form fields. ,. a. ail merge in # Word A//9.

eaning of ail merge 4 ail erge is an automated feature of # Word that enables you to merge a data source( a file that stores fields and records of

information, li"e first name, last name, etc...) into a copy of a document to customize or personalize the document. b. #teps in mail merge. i. 'lic" on the AI<I& @# tab and clic" on the #TA=T AI< %=@% tab. ii.'lic" on the step by step mail merge wizard iii.'lic" the 7=;W#% option to select the recipient database iv.'lic" on the Write your letter option v.'lic" on the ;=% IT% # option to insert the database fields. vi.'lic" the complete merge option.

Sun rolls out network products

BY Brian Robinson June 2nd 05

fficials at SUN MICROSYSTEMS INC. introduced a sle of !roducts to "oost deli#er$ of net or% ser#ices& includin' a ne file s$ste( for t)e Solaris o!eratin' s$ste(& a second release of an identit$ (ana'e(ent solution and a su"scri!tion*"ased (odel t)at assi'ns a sin'le !rice to (ore t)an +00 ser#ices. Sun,s ne -$na(ic .ile S$ste( !ro#ides "16 billion times more capacity" t)an current file s$ste(s& said Sun,s c)ief e/ecuti#e officer Scott McNealy& (a%in' it infinitel$ scala"le. T)e file s$ste(& )ic) is included as a !art of S o l a r i s + 0 & also automates (an$ of t)e tas%s t)at s$ste(s ad(inistrators no )a#e to do "$ )and. Creatin' and 'ro in' file s$ste(s )as "een cut fro( 20 to 1ust fi#e se!arate tas%s& for e/a(!le& )ile addin' (irrored file s$ste(s and stora'e s!ace for users ill no ta%e as little as +0 seconds. T)e second release of t)e identity-management solution )as t)ree ne !roducts "ased on t)e soft are ac2uired "$ Sun it) its recent !urc)ase of 3a#eset Tec)nolo'ies Inc. T)e Sun Java System Identity Manager co("ines user !ro#isionin' it) (etadirector$ ca!a"ilities& )ic) Sun clai(s is an industr$ first& ena"lin' ad(inistrators to (ana'e identit$ !er(issions and !rofiles and si(ultaneousl$ s$nc)roni4e ser#ices for t)ose directories across t)e enter!rise. T)e ot)er !roducts include an access (ana'er to )el! (ana'e access to internal and e/ternal 3e"*"ased resources& and an enter!rise #ersion of t)e Sun Ja#a S$ste( -irector$ Ser#er t)at includes "uilt*in fail*o#er& load "alancin'& securit$ and inte'ration it) Microsoft Cor!.,s 5cti#e -irector$.

n 'eneral& (an$ of t)e ne announce(ents also included references to ot)er %inds of su"scri!tion*"ased !ricin'& )ic) Sun officials see as a trend a(on' users )o increasin'l$ don,t ant to o n t)e tec)nolo'$ t)e(sel#es.

Ot)er ite(s introduced June + included an arra$ of lo *cost stora'e !roducts& soft are to collect and (ana'e data !roduced "$ radio*fre2uenc$ identit$ s$ste(s and a !ricin' s$ste( ai(ed s!ecificall$ at T)ird 3orld and de#elo!in' (ar%ets t)rou') )ic) Sun,s Ja#a Enter!rise S$ste( ould "e sold on a !er*citi4en "asis usin' t)e United Nation,s ran%in' for a countr$,s de#elo!(ent status. Robinson is a freelance 1ournalist "ased in 6ortland& Ore. 7e can "e reac)ed at )ullite8(inds!rin'.co(.

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JNT University

Job Performance Review Guide

Employee Name Departm ent
Zero to 2 months 2 to 4 months

Review Period Mana ger

4-6 months

Become familiar with your departments business goals. Work with your manager to define and document your goals. nclude what you are e!pected to produce by your first review" activities needed to accomplish results" and success criteria.

#ake certain defined goals and criteria are realistic. $enegotiate if necessary. %re you focusing your time on the goals you committed to& f not" either work with your manager to change your goals or reevaluate how you spend your time.

$eview performance goals to see if you are on target. $eprioriti'e work accordingly.

N(T)*+%,T (N*

Zero to 2 months

2 to 4 months

4-6 months

a. b. c.

Understand the specific skills and knowledge you need. Use the -ob profile as your guide. Build a skill development plan based on the goals agreed to by you and your manager. ,omplete the new administrator orientation.

d. e.

%ttend one of the sessions in the %dministrator certification program. *ee the training resource site for courses. $eview your development plan and suggested curriculum for additional skills and training.

f. g.

%ttend at least one more session in the %dministrator certification program. ,reate a timeline with associated tasks that you will follow in order to attain the skills outlined in your personal development plan.

N(T)*+%,T (N*

Processes and Methods

Zero to 2 months 2 to 4 months 4-6 months *eek to simplify any work 0et to know the people processes in order to cut who work cross1 cycle time. functionality in common work processes.

.amiliari'e yourself with work processes and methods used in your -ob. Be clear on who owns those processes and how you can support process goals. *et clear timelines for task due dates. /eep timelines up to date.

dentify and eliminate unnecessary variation in the way you perform work processes. )nsure that your work responsibilities are clear" defined" and realistic.

Employee Name Departm ent

Review Period Mana ger

Feedback Form
Date: 2/4/2014

Fa !lty Name: "engal Rao Optional #t!dent Name:

#!b$e t: D#P

%ear/#eme&ter: '''/'" 1&t #em

Roll N!mber: Review +!ideline&

(ran ): *#E

,omplete this peer review" using the following scale2

NA 3 Not Applicable 1 3 Unsatisfactory 2 3 Marginal

3 Meets Requirements
4 3 Exceeds Requirements ! 3 Exceptional

Eval!ation
456 3 )!ceptional 476 3 )!ceeds $e8uirements 496 3 #eets $e8uirements 4:6 3 #arginal 4;6 3 Unsat isfact ory

"e#u$red Sk$lls And %nowledge $n the &lass "esponse 'o (uest$ons

Ab$l$t) 'o *earn And 'each New Sk$lls +ngl$sh Speak$ng Sk$lls ,ak$ng Students 'o -n.ol.e -n 'he &lass 'he /a) S)llabus $s &o.ered