Le present perfect

Principaux emplois: 1) Actions passes qui ont des consquences sur le prsent. Paul has eaten all the cookies. Quand l'action s'est-elle passe? Dans le pass: il y a quelques minutes/hier. Quelle consquence a-t-elle sur le prsent? Paul a mang tous les gteaux il n'en reste plus pour moi.

2) Actions qui ont commenc dans le pass et qui sont encore en progression au moment o l'on parle. Paul has lived in ondon !or 1" #ears. Quand l'action a-t-elle commenc? !l y a dix ans. "st-elle termine? #on$ Paul ha%ite tou&ours ' (ondres. )ela *ait +, ans qu'il y ha%ite.

$%&'A(): *A+) ,ou *A$ - la .e personne du singulier) / PA0'121P) PA$$) 1 have done m# home3ork. $he has done her home3ork ,ver4e: do)

&)5A'16&: 1 have not done m# home3ork. 7 1 haven't done m# home3ork. $he has not done her home3ork. 7 $he hasn't done her home3ork.

89)$'16&: *ave #ou done #our home3ork: %es; 1 have. < &o; 1 haven't.

. Peter 2. 1 .. ?e @. A. 1 B. C# dog

,steal) m# trainers= ,4u#) this maga>ine. ,3rite) three pages this a!ternoon. ,ever<#ou<4e) to ondon: ,not<!inish) m# home3ork #et. ,eat) all m# cookies=

PA$' $1CP ) D prtrit simple A!!irmation I looked you looked he looked she looked it looked they looked we looked you looked &gation I did not look you did not look he did not look she did not look it did not look they did not look we did not look you did not look 1nterrogation did I look? did you look? did he look? did she look? did it look? did they look? did we look? did you look?

PA$' P0650)$$1+) D prtrit progressi* A!!irmation I was looking you were looking he was looking she was looking it was looking they were looking we were looking you were looking I was not looking you were not looking he was not looking she was not looking it was not looking they were not looking &gation we were not looking you were not looking 1nterrogation was I looking? were you looking? was he looking? was she looking? was it looking? were they looking? were we looking? were you looking?

#otes

Pour les verbes rguliers, on forme le prtrit simple en ajoutant -ed la base verbale (c est!!dire, l infinitif sans to "# $oici une liste des verbes irrguliers# %vant d ajouter -ing ou -ed, il faut doubler la consonne finale si les deu& conditions suivantes sont remplies' o le verbe se termine par une seule voyelle suivie d une seule consonne, o la derni(re syllabe est accentue, ou il n y a )u une syllabe * pour savoir si la derni(re syllabe est accentue ou non, il faut consulter un dictionnaire#

Emploi
Past Simple
Le Past Simple (prtrit simple) s'emploie pour:

parler d une action, vnement, ou tat )ui a eu lieu dans une priode de temps )ui est termine et o+ il n y a pas de lien avec le prsent# Il est souvent employ avec un complment de temps (,&# yesterday, last night, in 1999, 10 years ago"' o I watched the film on TV last night. ! - ai regard le film la tl hier soir# Ici, on ne s intresse )u au pass (hier soir"#

I saw that film a long time ago. ! - ai vu ce film il y a longtemps#

raconter les vnements dans une narration' o The vampire got out of his coffin and walked towards us. ! .e vampire est sorti de son cercueil et s est approch de nous# / il y a un lien avec le prsent, il faut employer le Present Perfect#

Past Progressive (or Continuous)

Le Past Progressive (prtrit progressif ou continu) s'emploie pour:

parler d une action )ui tait en train de se drouler un certain moment du pass' o I was watching TV when the phone rang. ! - tais en train de regarder la tl )uand le tlphone a sonn# %u moment o+ le tlphone a sonn, j tais en train de regarder la tlvision# .e Past Progressive ressemble donc l imparfait fran0ais# dcrire la sc(ne dans une narration' o racula!s helpers were moving his coffin to a new location. ! .es assistants de 1racula taient en train de dplacer (ou dpla0aient" son cercueil un nouvel endroit# Ici, on dcrit le conte&te ou la situation2 pour parler ensuite des vnements, on emploie le Past /imple#

P0)$)&' P)0E)2' $1CP ) A!!irmation I have looked you have looked he has looked she has looked it has looked they have looked we have looked you have looked I have not looked you have not looked he has not looked she has not looked it has not looked they have not looked &gation we have not looked you have not looked 1nterrogation have I looked? have you looked? has he looked? has she looked? has it looked? have they looked? have we looked? have you looked?

P0)$)&' P)0E)2' P0650)$$1+) A!!irmation I have been looking you have been looking he has been looking she has been looking it has been looking they have been looking we have been looking you have been looking &gation I have not been looking you have not been looking he has not been looking she has not been looking it has not been looking they have not been looking we have not been looking you have not been looking 1nterrogation have I been looking? have you been looking? has he been looking? has she been looking? has it been looking? have they been looking? have we been looking? have you been looking?

#otes

.a forme simple du Present Perfect a la forme have"has # participe pass$ %c!est-&-dire, V-ed'# $oici une liste des verbes irrguliers# .a forme progressive du Present Perfect a la forme have"has # (een # participe pr$sent %c!est-&-dire, V-ing'# %vant d ajouter -ing ou -ed, il faut doubler la consonne finale si les deu& conditions suivantes sont remplies' o le verbe se termine par une seule voyelle suivie d une seule consonne, o la derni(re syllabe est accentue, ou il n y a )u une syllabe * pour savoir si la derni(re syllabe est accentue ou non, il faut consulter un dictionnaire#

Emploi

Le Present Perfect en gnral

,n gnral, on emploie le Present Perfect pour parler d un lien entre le pass et le prsent'

s il s agit du rsultat prsent d une action dans le pass (,&# )ook* I!ve (ought a new car * 3egarde45 -e viens d acheter une voiture neuve 6la voiture est le rsultat visible de ce )ue je viens de faire7", s il s agit d une action accomplie (,&# I!ve read +ickwick +apers * - ai lu Pickwick Papers (le roman de 1ickens" 6je ne prcise pas )uand, sinon je dois employer le prtrit7", s il s agit d une action accomplie dans une priode )ui n est pas encore termine (,&# pendant la matine, je dis I!ve (een to the doctor!s this morning * -e suis all che4 le mdecin ce matin 6si je parle de cela pendant l apr(s!midi, je dois employer le prtrit parce )ue la priode dont je parle (le matin" est termine7", s il s agit d une action )ui continue depuis un moment du pass jus)u au moment o+ je parle (,&# I have (een playing tennis since I was , years old * je joue au tennis depuis l 8ge de 9 ans", o :ote4 )ue depuis se traduit en anglais par since s il est suivi par un complment de date ou d heure (,&# hier, le ; fvrier, <=h==, le <;(me si(cle", et par for s il est suivi par un complment de dure (,&# deu& heures, longtemps"# s il s agit d une action rcente )ui peut >tre considre dans le moment prsent comme une information (,&# The +rime -inister has met the +resident * .e Premier ministre vient de rencontrer le Prsident 6il s agit d un vnement rcent )ui est une information au moment o+ j en parle7"#

Present Perfect Simple

?n emploie la forme simple du Present Perfect'

lors)u il s agit d un rsultat ou d une action termine (,&# )ook* I!ve (ought a new car. " I!ve read +ickwick +apers"# 1ans le premier cas, il y a un rsultat )ue l on peut constater, savoir la voiture neuve2 dans le deu&i(me cas, il s agit de )uel)ue chose )ui est termin * j ai lu Pickwick Papers de bout en bout#

Present Perfect Progressive (or Continuous)

?n emploie la forme progressive du Present Perfect'

lors)u il s agit d une action )ui continue ou de la dure d une action (,&# I!ve (een playing tennis since I was ,. " I!ve (een reading +ickwick +apers# 1ans le premier cas, je vous informe )ue je joue au tennis depuis l 8ge de 9 ans (et vous pouve4 supposer )ue je n y ai pas renonc"2 dans le deu&i(me cas, je vous informe )ue ces derniers temps, je lis Pickwick Papers (et vous pouve4 supposer )ue je n ai pas encore termin ma lecture"# Il est noter )ue certains verbes n ont pas de forme progressive * les verbes d tat comme to know, to (elieve, to like, et to have (lors)u il signifie avoir "#

Present perfect simple - Present perfect progressif Lien pass-prsent

Present perfect simple Have/has + participe pass du verbe Lien pass-prsent ne s'intressant une action passe, et ventuellement termine, que du point de vue de son impact au moment prsent (notion de bilan, rsultat, consquence) - !v"nement non dat du pass - #ilan dans le prsent d'une action passe - !v"nement commenc dans le pass !n plus des valeurs prcdentes, il voque la dure de l'action dont les consquences sont mentionnes - *ontre qu'une activit commence dans le pass se poursuit au moment o+ on parle - *ontre qu'on s'intresse l'activit plus qu'au rsultat - *ontre une certaine irritation He has committed a number o$ o$$ences, as a result he is in prison, at the moment %'m e&hausted, % thin' % have worked too much I've read a lot o$ boo's I've read a lot o$ boo's and % can tal' about them I haven't seen him $or months

Present perfect progressif (continuous) Have/has + has+been+(-in)

,ou're all -et . /o, -onder, % have been walking in the rain $or quite a -hile I've been living here $or t-o 0ears 1hat have you been doing 2 ou've been smoking a)ain .

*e 2. *e .. $ome4od#

,3ait) !or t3o hours; since midda#. ,not !ind) the ideal !lat #et. ,smoke) here. 6pen the 3indo3s = ,#ou drink) toda# :

@. *o3 man# cups o! co!!ee A. %ou B. 1 G. 1

,eat) chocolate: there are stains on #our hands. ,clean) the house !or 2 hoursF no3 1 can rest. ,not 3rite) an# (mas cards #et. ,sing) all

H. 1 couldn't sleep 4ecause m# neigh4ours night long.

I. )mil# 1". $arah

,3ork) since $eptem4er. ,4e) a secretar# !or six months.

1. *e JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M *A$ N))& ?A1'1&5 ,3ait) !or t3o hours; since midda#. 2. *e JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M *A$ &6' E69&K ,not !ind) the ideal !lat #et. .. $ome4od# JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M *A$ N))& $C6O1&5 ,smoke) here. 6pen the 3indo3s = @. *o3 man# cups o! co!!ee JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M *A+) %69 K09&O ,#ou drink) toda# : A. %ou JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M *A+) N))& )A'1&5 ,eat) chocolate: there are stains on #our hands. B. 1 JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M *A+) 2 )A&)K ,clean) the house !or 2 hoursF no3 1 can rest. G. 1 JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M *A+) &6' ?01'')& ,not 3rite) an# (mas cards #et. H. 1 couldn't sleep 4ecause m# neigh4ours JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M *A+) N))& $1&51&5 ,sing) all night long. I. )mil# JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M *A$ N))& ?60O1&5 ,3ork) since $eptem4er. 1". $arah JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M *A$ N))& ,4e) a secretar# !or six months.

%ccording to the police, the robber /o far, the police @he victims @he ABI the terrorists# no one#

through a back window#

at the police station later that afternoon# a reward for information leading to the capture of

1uring the robbery, one of the robbers to 3ome? I Cary there once a long time ago# there three times in the last ten years# the new Doody %llen movie? :o, I I it yet# @$ when the phone rang#

a bank employee#

Cark @he Prime Cinister I 3ecently I

,nglish for a number of years# to reduce the price of petrol# him yet today# very well#

<#
;#

It s E %#C#2

(the postman, to come" yet this morning? (I, never, to visit, 3ome" in my whole life#

F# G# H# I# 9# J# E#
<=#

Dhen I was a teenager :o, @his year there Cy dog Cy keys are missing' I can t do it2

(I, to play" football every /aturday afternoon#

(I, not to see" that film yet# (to be" a lot of traffic accidents in this country# (to run away" while I was walking him in the park# (you to see" them? (I, already, to try" it several times# (he, to say" K:oK#

Dhen I asked him for time off, (you, to eat, ever" caviar?

<# ;# F# G# H# I# 9# J# E# <=# <<# <;# <F# <G# <H#

%ccording to the police, the robber escaped through a back window# * +as de lien avec le pr$sent, donc pr$t$rit. /o far, the police have arrested no one# * )ien avec le pr$sent %so far ./ 0us1u!& pr$sent', donc ++. @he victims complained at the police station later that afternoon# * +as de lien avec le pr$sent %c!$tait cet apr2s-midi-l&', donc pr$t$rit. @he ABI has o!!ered a reward for information leading to the capture of the terrorists# * )a r$compense est tou0ours offerte3 donc lien avec le pr$sent, donc ++. 1uring the robbery, one of the robbers hurt a bank employee# * 4!$tait pendant le vol3 pas de lien avec le pr$sent, donc pr$t$rit. *ave #ou ever 4een to 3ome? * )!ave5-vous visit$ 0us1u!& pr$sent 6 )ien avec le pr$sent, donc ++. I 3ent there once a long time ago# * +as de lien avec le pr$sent %c!$tait il y a longtemps', donc pr$t$rit. Cary has 4een there three times in the last ten years# * 7 fois depuis il y a 10 ans et maintenant3 lien avec le pr$sent, donc ++. *ave #ou seen the new Doody %llen movie? * )!ave5-vous vu 0us1u!& pr$sent6 )ien avec le pr$sent, donc ++. :o, I haven't seen it yet# * 8et ./ 0us1u!& pr$sent3 lien avec le pr$sent, donc ++. I 3as 3atching @$ when the phone rang# * 9n parle de la situation & un moment pass$, donc pr$t$rit continu. Cark has alread# 4een stud#ing ,nglish for a number of years# * :ne situation 1ui dure 0us1u!& pr$sent3 lien avec le pr$sent, donc ++ continu. @he Prime Cinister has decided to reduce the price of petrol# * 4!est une information, donc ++. I haven't met him yet today# * +$riode non-termin$e %today', donc ++. 3ecently I haven't 4een !eeling very well# * :ne situation 1ui dure depuis 1uel1ue temps et maintenant, donc ++ continu.

<#

It s E %#C#2 has the postman come yet this morning? * +$riode non-termin$e %le matin', donc ++. ;# 1 have never visited 0ome in my whole life# * +$riode non-termin$e %ma vie', donc ++. F# Dhen I was a teenager 1 pla#ed football every /aturday afternoon# * Il s!agit d!une p$riode du pass$ sans lien avec le pr$sent, donc pr$t$rit. G# :o, 1 have not seen that film yet# * )ien avec le pr$sent %yet ./ 0us1u!& pr$sent', donc ++. H# @his year there have 4een a lot of traffic accidents in this country# * +$riode nontermin$e %cette ann$e', donc ++. I# Cy dog ran a3a# while I was walking him in the park# * Il n!y a pas de lien avec le pr$sent, donc pr$t$rit. 9# Cy keys are missing' have #ou seen them? * )ien avec le pr$sent3 les clefs man1uent tou0ours, donc ++. J# I can t do it2 1 have alread# tried it several times# * )ien avec le pr$sent3 0!ai essay$ plusieurs fois 0us1u!& maintenant, donc ++. E# Dhen I asked him for time off, he said K:oK# * +as de lien avec le pr$sent3 depuis, il a dit !non!, donc pr$t$rit. <=# *ave #ou ever eaten caviar? * )ien avec le pr$sent, donc ++3 l!ave5-vous 0amais mang$ 0us1u!& maintenant6

)xercice d'anglais 'Prsent et temps du pass anglais ,Eiches de rvisions ) P

1. 1 can 4u# these 4oots; it ,o!ten / to sno3) 2. *urr# up please= 1 ,to 3ait) .. 6h; stop it no3= #ou ,to dra3) @. %es; 4ut do #ou remem4er that 1 ,to 3ork) period: 1 am so tired. A. 1t's the !irst time she ,to see) B. 1 ,to sing) G. ucile: 1 ,to kno3) H. 1 her penpal. !or #ou= all da#.

here.

all that

in m# 4athroom 3hen #ou arrived. her !or three #ears.

,to see) aurent #esterda# at the supermarket. again= p!!!== )nglish !or ten #ears 4ut his

I. 6h no= it ,to rain) 1". +incent ,to learn) )nglish is still a3!ul.

1. 1 can 4u# these 4oots; it ,o!ten / to sno3) JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M 6E')& $&6?$ here.

2. *urr# up please= 1 ,to 3ait) JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M AC ?A1'1&5 !or #ou= .. 6h; stop it no3= #ou ,to dra3) JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M *A+) K0A?& PouP *A+) N))& K0A?1&5 all da#. @. %es; 4ut do #ou remem4er that 1 ,to 3ork) JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M *A+) N))& ?60O1&5 all that period: 1 am so tired. A. 1t's the !irst time she ,to see) JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M *A$ $))& her penpal. B. 1 ,to sing) JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M ?A$ $1&51&5 in m# 4athroom 3hen #ou arrived. G. ucile: 1 ,to kno3) JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M *A+) O&6?& her !or three #ears. H. 1 JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M $A? ,to see) aurent #esterda# at the supermarket. I. 6h no= it ,to rain) JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M 1$ 0A1&1&5 again= p!!!== 1". +incent ,to learn) JPA$ K) 0LP6&$)M *A$ N))& )A0&1&5 )nglish !or ten #ears 4ut his )nglish is still a3!ul.