1. Abnormal behavior must always be considered in context because Normal feelings such as grief can be mistaken for illness.

a person cultural back ground may affect behavior, a persons age may affect behavior 2 to be considered abnormal, a person behavior must "be away from normal" and cause emotional distressand /or functional impairment. 3 contextual factors that should be considered in evaluating abnormal behavior include sex, race, ethnicity, and SES: socioeconomic status 4 it is important to consider a persons age and developmental stage when evaluating behavior because Developmental maturity affects what disorders occur and what symptoms may be present 5 Hippocrates was an ancient Greek physician who produced a classification system and model for abnormal behavior identified common psychological terms such as hallucinations,melancholia,and mania. introduced the term Hysteria 6 Groups of people once believed they where possessed by demons now such episodes of mass hysteria is explained by the concept of Emotional Contagion 7 Moral treatment , the 18th century innovations of Philippe Pinel and William Tuke was characterized by Kind treatment of patients and work to occupy their minds 8 German Psychologist Emil Kraepelin contributed to the study of abnormal psychology by Observing hundreds of living patients ,introduced two diagnostic categories and laid down ground work for a classification system 9 The scientist- practitioner approach uses what to treat patients empirical research to guide them in treating patients 10 Pioneer Joseph Wolpe discovered that a stimulus will not elicit fear or anxiety if incompatible behavior occurs at the same time 11 THE cognitive model is based on the idea that our Perceptions and interpretations of events are more important than the events themselves 12 When a clinician finds the several members of the patients family has similar symptoms . the patient may have a predisposition known as diathesis 13 cellular, individual, group, and population represent what Different levels of research in abnormal psychology 14 The primary function of the Hypothalamus is homeostasis and the regulation of Blood pressure, weight and temprature 15 The autonomic nervous system includes the Sympathetic and the parasypatetic nervous system 16 the indirect study of whether certain behavioral traits or mental disorders are heritable, or run in the family is Behavioral genetics 17 what is known about how genes affect behavioral traits behavioral traits are rarely caused by single genes 18 twin studies are important because they show us differences identified genetic vs. environmental contributions in psychological disorders 19 when treatment cannot be reversed or unethical to withdraw treatment , the single case design strategy that should be used is called Multiple baseline design 20 The most common type of research in abnormal psychology is controlled group design 21 With psychological disorders the diagnosis given is primarily based on A cluster of symptoms 22 a measure of clinical significance tells us that an observed change in a patients, is a meaningful improvement

23 when two different psychologist test a patient seperately and diagnose with the same

diagnoses it is interrater agreement 24 when separate psychological test highly correlate after testing it is called concurrent validity 25 Dimensional classification is a alternative to categorical systems such as the DSM one advantage of the the dimensional system is. Better description of patients whose problems do not fit into a single category ,