TIFFANY RATTRAY

Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation Master of Architecture Candidate 2014

Contents
FA13 SP13 The Work Net: A New University Risky Business: Collective Adaptation Qualities of the City: Collectivity SU13 FA12 SP12 Economy of Trade: Johannesburg Engaging the Edge Light Flux: Object Lessons Slow Start-up Bank FA11 Water Studies Hydroponic Laboratory FA13 SP12 FA12 SP13 SP13 SP13 FA11 FA11 CLIMB (at your own risk) Slumpscape Taming Lahar: Productive Infrastructure Bronx Art and Manufacturing Center A Scroll Through the Bowery The Vapor Veil A Brick for Dharavi Analyzing Listings

The Work Net: A New University

Critics: Laurie Hawkinson and Jordan Carver Columbia University GSAPP: Advanced V Studio [Fall 2013]

CURRENT SCHOOLS OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

ARCHITECTURE
CRITICAL, CURATORIAL, AND CONCEPTUAL PRACTICES REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT HISTORIC PRESERVATION URBAN PLANNING URBAN DESIGN ARCHITECTURE

ENGINEERING
APPLIED PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS CHEMICAL BIOMEDICAL CIVIL MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL EARTH AND ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRIAL COMPUTER ENGINEERING COMPUTER SCIENCE MATERIALS SCIENCE INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSCIENCES

SIPA
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HUMAN RIGHTS URBAN AND SOCIAL POLICY ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL FINANCE AND ECONOMIC POLICY

ARTS
FILM THEATER VISUAL ARTS [DIGITAL MEDIA, DRAWING, PAINTING, PHOTOGRAPHY, INSTALLATION, VIDEO ART] WRITING ART HISTORY

NEW MANHATTANVILLE CAMPUS

BUSINESS
ACCOUNTING DECISION, RISK AND OPERATIONS FINANCE AND ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT MARKETING

MORNINGSIDE CAMPUS

JOURNALISM
PHOTO JOURNALISM VIDEO JOURNALISM INVESTIGATIVE REPORTING

MEDICAL CAMPUS

SOCIAL WORK
ADVANCED CLINICAL SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE ADVANCED GENERALIST PRACTICE AND PROGRAMMING POLICY PRACTICE SOCIAL ENTERPRISE ADMINISTRATION

PUBLIC HEALTH
BIOSTATISTICS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES EPIDEMIOLOGY HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT POPULATION AND FAMILY HEALTH SOCIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

ARTS AND SCIENCES

SOCIOLOGY HISTORY ANTHROPOLOGY ENGLISH AND COMPARATIVE LITERATURE STATISTICS PHILOSOPHY RELIGION CLASSICS

LAW
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW CONSTRUCTION LAW LEGISLATIVE DRAFTING NATIONAL SECURITY LAW TAX POLICY

CONSTRUCTION LAW MATERIALS SCIENCE INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

POLICY PRACTICE INTERNATIONAL FINANCE AND ECONOMIC POLICY FINANCE AND ECONOMICS HISTORIC PRESERVATION HISTORY HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY CLASSICS ACCOUNTING TAX POLICY DECISION, RISK AND OPERATIONS

MARKETING LEGISLATIVE DRAFTING MANAGEMENT HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT WRITING INVESTIGATIVE REPORTING

ARCHITECTURE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING CIVIL ENGINEERING MECHANICAL ENGINEERING VISUAL ARTS: DIGITAL MEDIA

REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT

SOCIAL ENTERPRISE ADMINISTRATION

HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTE HUMAN RIGHTS

INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSCIENCES

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW PHILOSOPHY

ADVANCED CLINICAL SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE SOCIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY

COMPUTER SCIENCE COMPUTER ENGINEERING

ARTS: FILM VISUAL ARTS: VIDEO ART VIDEO JOURNALISM

CRITICAL, CURATORIAL, AND CONCEPTUAL PRACTICES

RELIGION

VISUAL ARTS: INSTALLATION

ANTHROPOLOGY POPULATION AND FAMILY HEALTH EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING URBAN PLANNING URBAN AND SOCIAL POLICY URBAN DESIGN NATIONAL SECURITY LAW ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

APPLIED PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS STATISTICS CHEMICAL BIOMEDICAL BIOSTATISTICS

VISUAL ARTS: PHOTOGRAPHY PHOTO JOURNALISM

LAW, MEDIA AND THE ARTS

EPIDEMIOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES

ENGLISH AND COMPARATIVE LITERATURE WRITING

VISUAL ARTS: DRAWING, PAINTING ART HISTORY

THEATER

SCHOOLS REARRANGED BASED ON AREAS OF RESEARCH

Can the campus be reorganized around shared topics and resources?

THEATER PRODUCTION
GREEN ROOM SET DESIGN WORKSHOP LEARN LEARN LEARN COSTUME SHOP GREEN ROOM VIDEO/DIGITAL MEDIA LIBRARY ACCOUNTING STUDIO MANAGEMENT TRAINING STUDIO
LECTURE LECTURE

FILM AND VIDEO JOURNALISM

FILM SCREENING/ THEATER
LECTURE LECTURE

LEARN EDITING CLASS EDITING CLASS

LEARN

LEARN LEARN LEARN

RESEARCH RESEARCH

ADMINISTRATION

BUSINESS
BROADCASTING STUDIO

FACULTY OFFICES LEARN LEARN

EDITING CLASS

SIMULATION LAB

ADMINISTRATION

RECORDING STUDIO

ACOUSTIC CHAMBER

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING ROBOTICS

FACULTY OFFICES
RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH

COMPUTER SCIENCE

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING STUDIO

LECTURE COMPUTER LAB LEARN COMPUTER LAB USER INTERFACE TESTING FACULTY OFFICES
RESEARCH RESEARCH

COMPUTER SCIENCE / ENGINEERING LIBRARY

ADMINISTRATION

ARCHITECTURE MATERIALS SCIENCE

ROBOTICS LAB

CIVIL ENGINEERING

DIGITAL VIDEO/ MULTIMEDIA LAB

PRESENT LEARN LEARN MEET

RESEARCH RESEARCH

CONCRETE AND METALS TESTING LAB

PRINT

CURATION STUDIO LEARN THINK TANK

DESIGN LABS

ADMIN

VISUAL ARTS
TEST WOODSHOP / FABRICATION LAB

THINK TANK

LEARN

LEARN INSTALLATION ART STUDIO

LEARN

LEARN

ARCHITECTURE LIBRARY

LEARN

RESEARCH

RESEARCH

LECTURE

CURATE JOURNALISM OUTPUT CENTER STUDIO ART FACULTY OFFICES LEARN LEARN LEARN WRITING LAB
RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH

LAW
ART HISTORY LIBRARY LEARN LEARN LEARN LEARN AUDITORIUM LAW AND BUSINESS LIBRARY ADMIN LEARN LEGAL ADVISING LAB LEARN LEAR

LECTURE

SCIENCES
BIOTECH LABS LASER LABS THINK TANK DRY LABS LEARN LEARN LEARN MANAGEMENT CENTER PUBLIC HEALTH CLINIC AUDITORIUM CHEMISTRY WET LABS LEARN

BUSINESS / MANAGEMENT REAL ESTATE

LECTURE LECTURE

THINK TANK THINK TANK LEARN LEARN LEARN ADMINISTRATION LEARN LEARN

LECTURE LECTURE

POTENTIAL SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF CAMPUS PROGRAM

FACULTY OFFICES MANAGEMENT TRAINING STUDIO

LECTURE LECTURE

ACCOUNTING STUDIO LEARN LEARN

BROADCASTING STUDIO

RECORDING STUDIO

ACOUSTIC CHAMBER

FACULTY OFFICES
RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING STUDIO

ROBOTICS LAB

DIGITAL VIDEO MULTIMEDIA L

PRESENT RN LEARN MEET

RESEARCH RESEARCH

CONCRETE AND METALS TESTING LAB

PRINT

CUR STU

THINK TANK WOODSHOP / FABRICATION LAB

LEARN

LEARN

TEST

JOURNALISM OUTPUT CENTER STUDIO ART FACULTY OFFICES LEARN LEARN LEARN WRITING LAB
RESEARCH RESEARCH

LECTURE

BIOTECH LABS LASER LABS THINK TANK DRY LABS LEARN LEARN LEA

PUBLIC HEALTH CLINIC

AUDITORIUM

CHEMISTRY WET LABS

VIDEO/DIGITAL MEDIA LIBRARY

EDITING CLASS

SIMULATION LAB

ADMINISTRATION

C R

LECTURE COMPUTER LAB LEARN COMPUTER LAB USER INTERFACE TESTING FACULTY OFFICES
RESEARCH RESEARCH

COMPUTER SCIENCE / ENGINEERING LIBRARY

ADMINISTRATION

O/ LAB

RATION UDIO LEARN THINK TANK

DESIGN LABS

ADMIN

LEARN INSTALLATION ART STUDIO

LEARN

ARCHITECTURE LIBRARY

LEARN

RESEARCH

LECTURE

CURATE

ART HISTORY LIBRARY LEARN LEARN

LEGAL ADVISING LAB

RESEARCH

LEARN

LEARN AUDITORIUM

LEARN

LAW AND BUSINESS LIBRARY

ADMIN

LECTURE LECTURE

THINK TANK THINK TANK LEARN LEARN MANAGEMENT CENTER LEARN LEARN ADMINISTRATION LEARN LEARN

RN

LECTURE LECTURE

light

adjective

\lit\

heavy

adjective \he-ve\

: has the ability to change spatially and programmatically : allows for immersion in other disciplines : acts as a link between heavy program buildings : is structurally supported by heavy program buildings

: requires built infrastructure : contains physical resources necessary for the campus departments : has the ability to serve across disciplines, rather than duplicating resources : requires structural and spatial permanence : is supportive of light program structures

classrooms studios study rooms meeting space making space offices lecture halls dry labs
temporary

auditoria wet labs materials testing health clinic theaters acoustic chambers collections/libraries housing
permanent

How much does campus program weigh?

BRIDGE BETWEEN

PILOTI

CANTILEVER

DOUBLE CANTILEVER

BRIDGE OVER

HYBRID

How can we create an interconnected campus network in Manhattanville?

EARLY SITE STRATEGY

OVERLAPPING PROGRAM

PUBLIC GROUND

LIGHT WORK PROGRAM

HEAVY PROGRAM

OVERLAID PROGRAM

SITE AXON LOOKING NORTH

133RD STREET

THEATER / CINEMA

LA COLLEC

SOCIAL WORK CLINIC

WET LABS

PUBLIC HEALTH CLINIC

DINING / SHOPS

K-12 SCHOOL AUDITORIUM

12TH AVENUE

PLAYGROUND

PLAYFIELD K-12 SCHOOL

COMPUTER SCIE AND ENGINEER COLLECTION

ARCHITECTURE AND ART COLLECTIONS

FOOD TRUCK INLET

FABRICATION LABS

DE

SIG

NG

AL

LE

12

5TH

ST R

EE

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FACULTY HOUSING

W CTIONS

ARTS AND SCIENCES COLLECTIONS

STUDENT HOUSING

BUSINESS COLLECTIONS

STUDENT HOUSING

SCIENCE AND MEDICAL COLLECTIONS

ENCE RING NS

BASKETBALL COURTS

MATERIALS TESTING LABS OUTDOOR AMPHITHEATER

MATERIALS EXHIBITION / STORE

ER

BROADWAY

K-12 PLAYFIELD EDITING CLASSROOM

BROADCASTING

LIVE EDITING STUDIO

ACOUSTIC CHAMBER WRITING LAB LECTURE

JOURNALISM STUDIO

CLASSROOMS

ARCHITECTURE / ART COLLECTIONS

PLOTTING

LASER CUTTING

CAFE

EXHIBITION / PRESENT

LECTURE

STUDIO

DETAIL FLOOR PLAN: 3RD LEVEL

MEZZANINE LOUNGE

ENGINEERING STUDIOS

CNC MILLING

CONCRETE MIXING

STORAGE

OFFICES

STORAGE

CLASSROO

MS

GALLERY LOBBY

GALLERY

LIGHT WORK AND TESTING SPACES

HEAVY COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SUPPORT PROGRAM

How does heavy program meet light program?

Risky Business: Collective Adaptation

Critics: Kazys Varnelis and Leigha Dennis Columbia University GSAPP: Advanced IV Studio [Spring 2013]

FLOOD RISK IN NEW YORK CITY

FLOOD ADVISORY ZONES

Zone V: Areas along coasts subject to inundation by the 1% annual chance flood event with additional hazards associated with storm-induced waves. Zone A: Areas subject to inundation by the 1% annual chance flood event generally determined using approximate methodologies Zone X: The areas between the limits of the base flood and the 0.2% annual chance (or 500-year) flood

ADVISORY BASE FLOOD ELEVATIONS, LOWER MANHATTAN

Bloomberg announced new measures to allow home and property owners rebuilding after Hurricane Sandy to meet updated flood standards. He issued an executive order, waiving height restrictions, so buildings can meet higher flood standards.

CURRENT SCENARIO

2063

Cost of climate risk

Cost of climate risk

Insurer covers total cost

Insurer covers total cost

Reinsurer covers 75%

25%
(insurer)

75%
(reinsurer)

75%
(insurer)

25%
(reinsurer)

PROTECTION FROM INSURANCE COMPANIES

AS STORM PROBABILITY INCREASES...

INSURANCE COMPANIES DEVELOP A RISK GRADIENT SYSTEM CATEGORIZING DANGER LEVELS THROUGHOUT THE CITY, AND PRICING INSURANCE PREMIUMS ACCORDINGLY.

VRF + HRF = RISK CATEGORY

poor accessibility

low risk

good accessibility

high risk

VERTICAL RISK FACTOR (VRF)

hig

hr

isk

HORIZONTAL RISK FACTOR (HRF)

20

TH

ST

TH

AV E

NU

19

TH

ST

10

18

TH

ST

17

TH

ST

16

TH

ST

15

TH

ST

RE

ET

CHELSEA TEST SITE

LLOYDS FANTASTIC CHELSEA TAKES THE TEST SITE AREA (LOCATED IN FLOOD ZONE A) AND REIMAGINES IT, ADAPTED TO FLOODING RISK.

1. Chelsea Floats Recreation Center 2. Chelsea Sky Mall 3. Connected Living 4. Elevated Living

5. IAC-Wall and Restaurant 6. Luxury Lifted Homestead 7. Lofted Art Collective

LLOYDS FANTA

NEW YO

SW

P AP

ING

RIS

CA

NG STI

OF

FR

ISK

TE

NT

AV E

NU

R HA

ING

RIS

5 RN HA K RIS

ES

SIN

G BR A G CIN RIS K

EM

ASTIC CHELSEA

ORK CITY

AV

I OID

NG

RIS

RISK PREPAREDNESS TOOLKIT

Lloyds Insurance suggests a series of both structural building adaptations and additive tools for adaptation. To protect the ground and basement floors of buildings, Lloyds suggests an inflatable building seal. This will allow buildings to keep their ground floors in tact, but the seal will deploy in times of flooding (this is perhaps not the most effective means of protection, but it is a temporary solution). If the basement is removed, two foundation methods can replace the existing situation: the Floating Building and the Skate Park Foundation. The Floating Building utilizes pontoons to support it. Anchored

underground, the floating foundation can rise and lower based on water levels incurred by flooding. The Skate park foundation utilizes a skate ramp as a resilient form of concrete construction that can be easily drained after a major storm. Canals would be built to the edges of sidewalks, sloped towards the coast lines so water successfully flows out of the city. The land would be elevated toward the center of each block, moving water away from buildings so it can be carried out towards Manhattans bordering rivers.

INFLATABLE BUILDING CONNECTOR

INFLATABLE BUILDING SEAL

ROLLING METAL MESH ACCESS STAIR

BODEGA VENDING MACHINES

DEPLOYABLE LIFE RAFTS

LLOYDS RESCUE BLIMP

PROTECTIVE SEA WALL

CANAL DRAINAGE PIPES

SHARING RISK

RISK

POLICY # 306,210

POLICY # 9,346

RESIDENTS BAND TOGETHER TO COLLECTIVELY PURCHASE INSURANCE.

Residents join their units together with inflatable tunnels to be able to afford insurance. This allows new shared spaces to emerge, enhancing collectivity throughout the city. Risk can be shared through group insurance programs. By adjoining structures with inflatable tunnels, units at similar risk levels can purchase insurance together, making it a more affordable endeavor. They also are awarded with new shared outdoor spaces that result from their connections.

CASTING OFF RISK (PUBLIC)

RISK

OWNERS GIVE THE LAND BELOW THEIR BUILDINGS BACK TO THE CITY.
The city, in return, maintains the land beneath, fortifying it with resilient materials and useful public facilities. Building owners may add space on top of their buildings to make up for lost square footage below. Hardscape features become prominent, allowing water to drain to canals at the street fronts. Skate parks, grassy fields, basketball courts and other spaces are created, fostering collective inhabitation. move up in the buildings, to the rooftops.

AVOIDING RISK

POLICY # 209,541

POLICY # 487,180

UNINSURABLE:
PROPERTY DISPOSSESSED AS PUBLIC LAND

CHELSEA SKY MALL

RETAILERS ELEVATE STOREFRONTS, CREATING NEW RETAIL PROMENADES.

Chelsea Sky Mall is a new lifted shopping center connected to the existing Chelsea Market. The Sky Mall lifts over the existing streets, creating new store frontages at a raised level. The ground floor is returned to the city for public green markets and events, when the weather permits. Those who can afford it purchase risk from other commercial retailers that can no longer afford the raised rent in their upper level units.

SWAPPING RISK (AND WEALTH)

POLICY # 989,023

UNINSURABLE:
PROPERTY DISPOSSESSED AS PUBLIC LAND

LUXURY LOFTED HOMESTEAD

THE RICH MOVE FROM THEIR WATERFRONT PROPERTIES TO HIGHER GROUND.

Properties in the lowest risk categories become the most valuable properties. The rich will pay almost anything to move from their waterfront property to higher ground. Original residents have the opportunity to sell to the wealthiest residents, changing their financial status in the city. The wealthy have moved into three affordable housing towers further inland in Chelsea. The previous tenants have evacuated with their newly acquired wealth.

CASTING OFF RISK (PRIVATE)

POLICY # 398,900

POLICY # 12,788

POLICY # 23,312

UNINSURABLE:
PROPERTY DISPOSSESSED AS PUBLIC LAND

LOFTED ART COLLECTIVE

GROUND LEVELS OF WATERFRONT RESIDENCES ARE FORTIFIED AND REPURPOSED.

Residents must cast off risk of the ground floor of their new waterfront property to make it a somewhat safe place to live. The give up the land to the galleries next door, so they can anchor the cantilever of their buildings, and also provide public art collective space to the public. A media projection space as well as fabrication workshop fill in the otherwise unusable space. They have designed a resilient basement that will be protected from the storms.

POLICY # 103,478 POLICY # 210,682 POLICY # 56,780

UNINSURABLE:
PROPERTY DISPOSSESSED AS PUBLIC LAND

CHELSEA PIERS HAS BEEN WASHED AWAY SO A NEW, FLOATING FACILITY IS BUILT.
Chelsea Floats is a new recreation center along the water, as Chelsea Piers has been wiped out. This new floating center has minigolf, a running track, a rock climbing wall, a driving range, a soccer field, and bowling. Best of all, the amenities float! Each unit is insured separately in case the storms get too wild, but they should move with the water and stay safe.

POLICY # 56,780

UNINSURABLE:
PROPERTY DISPOSSESSED AS PUBLIC LAND

SEAWALLS ARE BUILT ALONG THE COAST TO PROTECT EXISTING STRUCTURES.

The IAC building has become unusable on the ground and first floors. To further protect the building, the owners install a sea wall. This sea wall also acts as a great spectacle for the restaurant goers on the interior of the building. Waves splash up against the sea wall, providing a sensation of being at sea. A massive sea wall protects the building from the incoming waves.

Qualities of the City: Collectivity

Critic: Kazys Varnelis and Leigha Dennis Columbia University GSAPP: Advanced IV Studio [Spring 2013]

THE CROWD, LOCATED IN COLUMBUS CIRCLE, BECOMES THE MONUMENT IN THE SPACE. THE STATUE NORMALLY PRESENT IS ELIMINATED, AS THE EVENT AND THE CROWD ASSOCIATED WITH IT, BECOME CENTER STAGE.

D AV THIR R TE CEN

ENU

E RE

GION

AL

SHO

PPIN

G TR

AM

DS GOO PLE, PEO HE CITY F O ORT S INTO T NSP TRA ERVICE S AND

GE BRID ATTAN H UGH ORO ER MAN B S W EN QUE ING LO VIC SER

ING ASH TO W IL A TON BOS SPEED R HIGH

TON

EXC ICLE VEH INAL TERM

HAN

GE

ULRICH FRANZENS REGIONAL CENTER DESIGNED IN 1972 WAS MEANT TO ENGAGE THE SURROUNDING PUBLIC. CARS WERE TO BE REMOVED FROM THIRD AVENUE, MAKING ROOM FOR NEW PUBLIC SPACE AND CENTERS OF COLLECTIVE ACTIVITY.

Economy of Trade: Johannesburg

Critics: Mabel Wilson and Mario Gooden Columbia University GSAPP Workshop: New York / Johannesburg [Summer 2013]

THE INFORMAL TAXI SYSTEM IN JOBURG MOVES BOTH PEOPLE AND GOODS ALL ACROSS SOUTH AFRICA, EVEN AS FAR AS NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES.

How do people and goods move across Joburg?

TAXI RANK ROUTES FROM JOHANNESBURG

LIMPOPO

GAUTENG MPUMALANGA

MAPUTO

NORTHWEST

FREESTATE KWAZULU-NATAL

RICHARDS BAY

LESOTHO DURBAN

EASTERN CAPE

DISTANCE SHORT LONG

PORT ELIZABETH

MELVILLE FARMERS MARKET

FRIDAY NIGHT FOOD MARKET

H M

BRAAMFONTEIN

JOHANNESBURG PARK CITY MAR

TAXI RANK

GROSVENOR MAYFAIR
FORDSBURG SQUARE FLEA MARKET ORIENTAL PLAZA

MARKET THEATRE FLEA MARKET

METRO MALL MARKET

KERK STREET TRADERS MARKET

HOEK ST ETH QUA

DRAGON CITY MARKET

WESTGATE

FARADAY MUTI AND TAXI RANK

FARADAY
CHINA MALL

VILLAGE MAIN CROWN

BOOYSENS

What is the relationship between transportation and trading markets?

TRADER QUANITY
YEOVILLE CENTRAL AFRICAN FOOD MARKET

MARKET TAXI RANK REA VAYA BUS STOP TRAIN STATION

HILLBROW TRADERS MARKET

RKET AND

DOOMFONTEIN ELLIS PARK

REET MARKET HIOPIAN ARTER

JEPPE DENVER
KWA MAI MAI MARKET AND TAXI RANK

GEORGE GOCH

MARKET

BENROSE KASERNE WEST CITY DEEP

JOBURG FRESH MARKET MANDELA PEOPLES MARKET

MULTIFLORA FLOWER MARKET

GEOFF NEMAKONDES TRADING STALL

BRE E ST REE T

Geoff has been selling produce on the corner of Bree and Eloff since 1988. Bree Street is the center of a bustling business district, prime real-estate for an informal trader. In 2005 the city built stalls for informal traders and issued licenses to them. Many traders cannot afford rent on the citys stalls, and there is a waitlist for receiving a license.

T EE R T FS F ELO

ET BREE STRE
REET ELOFF ST

GEOFF NEMAKONDES TRADING STALL

GEOFF NEMAKONDE HAS BEEN A STREET TRADER IN JOBURG FOR 25 YEARS. HE ARRIVES EVERY MORNING AT 5AM SO SELL PRODUCE TO PASSERSBY ON THEIR WAY TO WORK.

GEOFFS PRODUCE STAND

CITY DEEP

THE JOBURG FRESH MARKET

BUS STOP

HU B

LE HU B

FR

U IT

HU B

U IT

TAXI RANK

GE TA B VE

JOBURG FRESH MARKET

MUCH OF THE PRODUCE SOLD AT THE JOBURG FRESH MARKET IS BROUGHT DIRECTLY FROM THE FARMS VIA TRUCKS AND RAIL EACH MORNING.

Where does the produce come from?

PO

TA TO HU B

FR

PRODUCE ORIGINS

SANDQUEST TOMATOES AMONDEL PAKKERS (AVOCADOS)

LIMPOPO

LETABI BANANAS UNIVEG KATOPE (AVOCADOS) AFRUPRO EXPORTERS (AVOCADOS)

UMBHABA ESTATES(BANANAS) LETUBI FRUIT ESTATES UMBHABA ESTATES(BANANAS)

GAUTENG
CLEARWATER FARMS (LETTUCE)

DORTANNION FARM (APPLES)

MPUMALANGA

NKOMAZI BANANAS BANANALANDIA

MAPUTO

NORTHWEST

HLUHLUWE QUEEN PINEAPPLES

FREESTATE KWAZULU-NATAL
RORICH CARROTS

RICHARDS BAY

NORTHERN CAPE

LESOTHO
MADUNA BANANAS

DURBAN

OUDEMUUR BOERDERY BERGENDAL BOERDERY (ORANGES) ZEBRA FRESH FRUIT

EASTERN CAPE

UMBHABA ESTATES (BANANAS) STERKWATER BOERDERY

WESTERN CAPE
NIGHTFIRE INVESTMENTS (TOMATOES) LOUTERWATER LANDGOED (PEARS AND APPLES) TRADOUW FRUIT (PEARS AND APPLES) FERRIERA ENDULINI FRUIT (ORANGES)

GYDO APPLES SONLIA VRUGTE PAKHUIS FRESHGOLD SA EXPORTS KAAIMANSGAT BOERDERY (APPLES) APPLETHWAITE FARM (APPLES)

CAPE TOWN

PORT ELIZABETH

DISTANCE SHORT LONG

ORANGES

MANY STREET TRADERS VISIT THE JOBURG FRESH MARKET EVERY MORNING TO PURCHASE FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLES.

POTATOES

APPLES

VIDEO: GLADYS AND GEOFF

Two other students and I compiled a video of our research from the summer workshop in New York and Joburg. Our video told the story of two inspiring people, Geoff who works on Bree Street in Joburg and Gladys, a nurse who works outside the city, but lives in the city center. We journeyed with Geoff to the Joburg Fresh Market to purchase produce for his stand, and we visited Gladys in her apartment that she has lived in for over 20 years. Both of them have watched Joburg change drastically over the last two decades.

Engaging the Edge

Critic: Hilary Sample Columbia University GSAPP: Core III Housing Studio [Fall 2012]

with James Stoddart

125TH STREET

EAST HARLEM

TOPOGRAPHY DEFININING EDGES IN MANHATTAN

How is the edge of Manhattan dened?

IRREGULAR LOT FORMATION AT THE EDGE OF EAST HARLEM

THE SITE HAS BEEN CARVED AWAY ON ONE SIDE BY THE HARLEM RIVER. IN A STRICTLY GRIDDED CITY, THE DESIGN NEEDED TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE EDGE.

A SERIES OF MASSING EXPERIMENTS HELPED PRODUCE AN ARCHITECTURAL REACTION TO THE IRREGULAR SITE EDGE.

MULTIPLE BARS

EQUAL VIEWS

TIERED LANDSCAPE

BUILDING ALONG THE EDGE

FINAL SCHEME MASSING MODEL

RESIDENTIAL UNITS VIEW DIRECTIONS

RESIDENTIAL CORRIDORS

FRESH MARKET / KITCHEN IN COMMUNITY CENTER

PUBLIC PROGRAMS MERGE ON THE MAIN LEVEL. A CENTER FOR AGING AND A DAYCARE SHARE SPACE, FOSTERING MULTIGENERATIONAL INTERACTION.

PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE GREEN ROOF

MEDICAL CLINIC

CENTER FOR THE AGING

CHILDCARE / CHILDRENS PLAY AREA

CENTRAL LANDSCAPE WITH COMMUNITY CENTER BELOW

ROOFTOP PARK FOR RESIDENTS

How can architecture promote a healthier lifestyle?

VIEW FROM HUDSON RIVER PARK ACCESSIBLE FROM PATH OVER THE HIGHWAY

A FRESH MARKET, PUBLIC CLINIC, FITNESS FACILITIES, ACCESSIBLE ROOFTOP PATHS AND A LINK TO HARLEM RIVER PARK FOSTER HEALTH.

CHARTING

OFFICES

EXAM ROOMS

STE P

PED

SEA TIN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

PARK AVENUE
A
UP

LAP

POO

DN

MEDICAL CENTER

UP

RECEPTION

RES ID LOB ENTIA BY L

ZER O POO -EN L

MANAGERS OFFICE

AUD + E ITORIU XER M CIS E

BUSINESS CENTER

MAILROOM

FRE S MAR H KET KITC HEN

DIN

ING

RESIDENTIAL LOBBY
DN UP

CAFE

SALON

UP

SECURE RESIDENTIAL ENTRY

HARLEM RIVER

EM RL HA RI R VE I DR VE

UP

POOL STORAGE

NTR Y

WO M LOC ENS ROO KER M

MENS LOCKER ROOM

POOL R MANAGE

NAP ROOM

OUTDOOR PLAY AREA

INDOOR PLAY AREA

CHILD CARE RECEPTION

DN
UP

SECURE RESIDENTIAL ENTRY

PARKING ENTRY

131ST STREET

DN

DN

UP

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

PARK AVENUE
A
UP
DN UP

UP

UP
DNvv

DN

UP

HARLEM RIVER

HA

UP

RL EM R VE RI DR IV E

UP

UP

DN

DN

UP

12 ft
25 ft

12

ft
25 ft

12 ft

12

ft

12 ft
25 ft

12

ft
50

ft

MICRO, ONE, TWO AND THREE BEDROOM UNITS ARE BASED ON A STANDARD MODULE, BUT STACK AND LINE UP TO CREATE SEVEN UNIQUE UNIT TYPES.

75

ft

How do the units aggregate?

MICRO UNIT (1 module)

ONE BEDROOM (2 modules)

MICRO UNIT (1 module)

3 BEDROOM (4 modules)

MICRO UNIT (1 module)

Object Lessons: Light Flux

Critic: Mabel Wilson Columbia University GSAPP: Core II Studio [Spring 2012]

LIGHT FLUX

SINGLE UNIT: The File Tab We each chose an everyday object (purchaseable in large quantities) to aggregate and develop into a larger system. I used a typical file tab, which I imposed upon it, a new form. By simply folding the tab into a peak, the tab became more rigid.

THE JOINT I used clear rubberbands to join the individual units together. Looped around each end of the tab and across the length of the tab, I was able to flexibly adhere multiple units together.

AGGREGATION The joint I designed allowed for aggregation end-to-end, as well as side-to-side. Capitalizing on both of these joints, the final aggregated system is self-supportive, compresses and expands, and creates varying results as it moves in the light.

TWIST
Twisting generates a new patterning for the system. The linearity is broken up, surfaces overlap, and new color gradients are created. The strength of the construct is tested as it rotates against the grain of the system.

EXPAND
A flexible, alternating joint system allows for the construct to expand and compress. As the object compresses, colors overlap and transition from blue to iridescent purple. The aggregation becomes denser and more stratified. The rigidity of the joints and material strength allows for the system to support itself in an expanded position.

BEND
Bending compresses the system along one side and expands it to its limits along the opposing side. The flexibility of the material is tested as it is both compressed and stretched at the same time. Lines along the system orient themselves radially.

LIGHT FLUX 2.0

THE UNIT The file tab module was recreated using mylar and thread in its second iteration. The units vary in height and length. Each version was folded from a flat piece of material.

.5 inch x 4 inches

1 inch x 4 inches

1.5 inches x 4 inches

2 inches x 4 inches

.5 inch x 8 inches AGGREGATION The aggregation of the module creates a landscape of peaks and valleys. Lights passage through changes with the varying heights of the system.

FILTER
As the system is moved and manipulated through twisting, bending and folding, light is filtered differently. Patterns of shading appear with each crease in the construct with the application of a steady system of light. With more directed light, the visibility of the light source becomes more apparent, however the density of the system still shows shading and layering in the system.

TWIST
The construct twists with the help of pivoting joints between the modules. Double length modules create rigidity, defining the shape of the twist. This movement creates three dimensionality in the system. As layers overlap upon each other, light becomes filtered creating unique variations of shading.

SHEER GLOW
Without directed light, the system seems opaque. As light is placed behind or in front, the construct glows. The variation in the size of pyramids changes the translucency of the construct creating hierarchy within the system.

TWIST ONE

SECTION 2

SECTION 1

SECTION 3

SECTION 2

SECTION 1

TWIST TWO

SECTION 3

SECTION 3

SECTION 2

SECTION 1

TAR2124

CONCEPT STUDY

Slow Start-Up Bank

Critics: Mabel Wilson and Zach Colbert Columbia University GSAPP: Core II Studio [Spring 2012]

Can a bank foster the growth of local small businesses?

LA FA Y

ET TE NE S

GR T EA JO

INGESTION

REFRIGERATOR GARDEN

PERFORMANCE E
SHOWROOM

TECHNOLOGY GY Y
GALLERY TESTING DEVEELOPMENT

STUDIO

ART / GARMENT A GARMEN

LY

INVESTORS IDEAS

ASS

EMB

EATERY

SMALL BUSINESSES AND INDIVIDUALS DEPOSIT THEIR IDEAS INTO THE BANK. THE SPACE WITHIN IS USED FOR TESTING AND SHOWCASING. THE COMMUNITY BECOMES THE INVESTORS.

PERFORATED PANEL

METAL PANEL

GLASS PANEL

OPERABLE PANELS CONTROL THE FILTRATION OF LIGHT AND AIR THROUGHOUT PRODUCTION AND SHOWROOM SPACES.

ROOF GARDEN

OUTDOOR THEATER

PERFORMANCE SHOWROOM

TECHNOLOGY SHOWROOM VERTICAL GARDEN

TECHNOLOGY LAB

ART / GARMENT SHOWROOM ART / GARMENT LAB

IDEA DISPLAY INVESTMENT FORUM

IDEA VAULT / PRODUCT ARCHIVE

TRANSVERSE SECTION

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

SHOWROOM CULINARY: CAFE

SHOWROOM CULINARY: OUTDOOR CAFE

LAFAYETTE

PRODUCTION CAFE KITCHEN

SHOWROOM IDEA / INVESTMENT FORUM

SHOWROOM IDEA DEPOSIT CHAMBER

ENTRY STAIR TO ART LAB

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY LAB

PRODUCTION VERTICAL GARDEN

PRODUCTION VERTICAL GARDEN

PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE LAB

PRODUCTION ANECHOIC TESTING CHAMBER

PRODUCTION RECORDING STUDIO

SHOWROOM TECHNOLOGY

SHOWROOM PERFORMANCE

LEVEL FOUR

LEVEL FIVE

ART SHOWROOM BELOW TECHNOLOGY LAB

GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION VERTICAL GARDEN

PRODUCTION VERTICAL GARDEN

PRACTICE SPACE BELOW

PRODUCTION EDIBLE GARDEN

PRODUCTION CULINARY LAB

REFRIGERATION

SHOWROOM PERFORMANCE
SHOWROOM OUTDOOR THEATER

LEVEL SIX

ROOFTOP

ENTRY TO ROOFTOP GARDEN

Water Studies
Critic: Philip Parker Columbia University GSAPP: Core I Studio [Fall 2012]

HUDSON RIVER AT 125TH ST, NOVEMBER 01

How does light affect motion on the waters surface?

10:00:00

10:00:00

10:00:02

10:00:04

10:00:06

10:00:08

10:00:10

:00, :02, :04, :06, :08, :10 THE WAVES OF THE WATER FORM LINES ALONG THE EDGES OF THEIR PEAKS. THESE LINES GENTLY CHANGE OVER TIME.

PROJECT, CUT, DISPLACE

WIRES ARE PLAYED ALONG THE AGGREGATED SURFACES AND UNIQUE SPATIAL CONDITIONS EMERGE. THREEDIMENSIONALITY RESULTS AS THE WIRES ARE PULLED TIGHT.

PLAYING THE DEVICE SIDE VIEW

PLAYING THE DEVICE TOP VIEW

SECTION
RELAXED, NO ACTION PULLING TOP, LEFT WIRE

SECTION 1

open / through / scoop / peak

SECTION 2

block / close / ridge / dip

SECTION 3

pinch / compress / through / divide

SECTION 4

compartmentalize / block / ridge / dip

SECTION 5

spill / compartmentalize / disjoin / ridge / dip

SECTION 6

unify / compartmentalize / ridge / block

SECTION 7

burst / open / dip / through

SECTION 8

scoop / open / disjoin

PULLING TOP, RIGHT WIRE

RELAXED, NO ACTION

PULLING TRANSVERSE WIRE

open / through / scoop / peak

peak / split / open / through

divide / block / pinch / dip / ridge

block / split / ridge / dip / split

divide / close / compress / dip / ridge

through / ridge / dip / spill

divide / block / compress / dip / ridge

block / tilt / ridge / dip

spill / through / hook / compress / dip / ridge

carve / pinch / peak / through / tilt

unify / through / hook / compress / spill

carve / peak / through / tilt

through / levels / scoop /pinch

scoop / open / disjoin

DISPLACEMENT PLAYBOOK

FRAY

CREASE

RIBBON

CLIMB (at your own risk)

Critic: Joseph Vidich Columbia University GSAPP: Surface Screen and Structure [Fall 2013] Technology Elective

with Katie Zaeh and Madeeha Merchant

DAYTIME RENDERING

PANELS ACROSS THE FACADE ARE ACTIVATED AS CLIMBERS INTERACT WITH IT. THEY LIGHT UP WITH ROUTES OF DIFFERING LEVELS OF COMPLEXITY.

NIGHTTIME RENDERING

PANEL: VIEW

PANEL: GRIP

PANEL: STEP

X PLATES

7 THRU-BOLTS

2x6 ALUMINUM TUBING DIAGRID STRUCTURE EACH GRID: 5 WIDE X 2 6 TALL

PANEL TYPES

60 DEGREE SHADING PANEL

30 DEGREE GRIP PANEL

80 DEGREE STEP PANEL

48

48

LAYOUT FOR LASER CUTTING FABRICATION

MODULE 1 : 5 MODULE 1 : 10

SECTION

ELEVATION

PLAN

INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE

VARYING PANEL ANGLES SHADE INTERIOR WORKSPACES FROM THE SOUTHERN SUN, WHILE STILL ALLOWING DAYLIGHT IN AND VIEWS OUT.

ASSEMBLY PROCESS
2x6 Structural Tubing

X-Braces

STRUCTURE

LEFT PANEL FOLDING

COVER PANEL FOLDING

STRUCTURAL TRIANGLE FOLDING

FINAL 1/2 SCALE PROTOTYPE

PANEL FRONT - 60 DEGREE TYPE

VIEW FROM BEHIND PANEL- 60 DEGREE TYPE

PANELS FROM BEHIND - 8 AND 60 DEGREE TYPES

PANELS WITH RGB LIGHTING - 30 AND 80 DEGREE TYPES

Slumpscape
Critics: Brigette Borders and Mark Bearak Columbia University GSAPP: Fast Pace / Slow Space [Spring 2012] Technology Elective

with Luisa Mendez, Trevor Lamphier, Kyle Hovenkotter, Heidi Werner, George Dolidze, Fiona Booth, Bryce Suite, Rachel Villalta, Alvaro Arias

COOLER

DAYBED

LOUNGER

SKATEBOARD

AGGREGATED BENCHES ON SITE

How can we create a continuous topography out of concrete?

THE TOPOGRAPHY ALLOWS FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF SEATING

PARAMETRIC DESIGN WAS USED TO DEVELOP A CAREFULLY PROGRAMMED TOPOGRAPHY FOR LOUNGING.

DESIGNING THE MOLD

PLYWOOD TOP Used to straighten out edges of the concrete to meet up smoothly with aggregated benches. Threaded rods are fed through the holes to link the top plywood piece to the base.

POURED CONCRETE Portland cement is mixed with water, glass fibers and black pigment, then is poured into the silicone mold.

SILICONE MOLD Two different silicone molds were alternately used for the making of the benches. the flexible molds are lowered onto the unique cardboard waffles below.

CARDBOARD WAFFLE 30 unique carboard waffle supports were laser cut, assembled and used as supports for the silicone mold above.

PLYWOOD BASE The plywood base helps keep the mold system stabilized. holes secure the threaded rods that keep the mold system vertically aligned.

MOLD IN RAISED POSITION

MOLD IN SLUMPED POSITION

THE CASTING PROCESS

UNIQUE CARDBOARD WAFFLE IS ASSEMBLED

THREADED RODS ARE PUT INTO PLACE ON BASE

CONCRETE WITH DYE AND GLASS FIBERS IS POURED INTO THE RAISED SILICONE MOLD

SILICONE MOLD IS LOWERED ON TOP OF CURVED WAFFLE FORM AND THE SURFACE IS FINISHED WITH A HAND TROWEL

Can we fabricate 30 unique benches with only two molds?

MOLD RELEASE IS APPLIED TO THE SILICONE MOLD

SILICONE MOLD IS RAISED ON PLANKS ABOVE WAFFLE

PLYWOOD TOP IS ADDED TO THE SYSTEM, STRAIGHTENING THE EDGES OF THE SILICONE MOLD FOR APPROPRIATE ALIGNMENT WITH ADJACENT BENCHES

CONCRETE IS LEFT TO DRY IN ITS CURVED FORM

The fabrication of the benches included an intensive four hour process per bench. For the production of our final installation we assembled into teams of three people working three shifts per week for three weeks to produce a total of 30 benches. Our carefully designed mold system allowed the process to go relatively smoothly. We kept careful track of exact ratios of portland cement, water, glass fibers for reinforcing and black concrete pigment to achieve a gradation of concrete hues.

We tagged each bench with its number ID after curing and being removed from the mold. Since each bench has a unique curve, it was essential that we know their exact orientation and placement within the continuous topography. Simultaneously teams were cutting and bending steel bars for the legs of the benches that would be cut and assembled later on-site.

CARDBOARD WAFFLE TYPOLOGIES

A3
y z x 38.635683 13.127297 20.868429

A4
y z x 38.635683 7.76918 20.868289

A5
y z x 38.635683 9.293977 20.868289

A6
y z x 38.635683 11.776498 20.868289

A7
y z x 38.679371 6.638023 20.866699

B4
y z x 38.63713 10.964973 20.861987

B5
y z x 38.63556 16.612389 20.867998

B6
y z x 38.674285 10.392859 20.871701

B7
y z x 38.682715 3.769624 20.870525

C3
y z x 38.628743 10.038666 20.864169

C5
y z x 38.633931 14.137195 20.872679

C6
y z x 38.635887 11.023148 20.868289

C7
y z x 38.635683 4.234009 20.868289

D2
y z x 38.637032 6.560606 20.870335

D3
y z x 38.627894 10.004947 20.86938

D4
y z x 38.635749 13.313049 20.868289

D5
y z x 38.635683 10.654264 20.868392

D7
y z x 38.635683 7.616771 20.868289

E4
y z x 38.694257 6.266378 20.868007

E5
y z x 38.648446 9.25488 20.848676

E6
y z x 38.635683 11.287499 20.868289

E7
y z x 38.670447 12.836893 20.874472

E8
y z x 38.677985 7.60735 20.871067

F4
y z x 38.639068 10.147238 20.870973

F5
y z x 38.635683 7.456444 20.86829

G5
y z x 38.64374 7.539329 20.86989 y z x

G6
38.684911 7.61633 20.863558 y z x

G7
38.635683 7.414887 20.868289

H7
y z x 38.635683 7.231996 20.868289 y z x

H8
38.635683 8.685129 20.868289

TO IDENTIFY THE UNIQUE CONCRETE FORMS, WE SET UP A GRID ACROSS THE TOPOGRAPHY, TAGGING THEM ACCORDINGLY AFTER CASTING.

SLUMPSCAPE SET UP FOR THE END OF YEAR SHOW

SURFACE CONDITIONS: ROUGH + PERFORATED SMOOTH + PERFORATED ROUGH + SOLID SMOOTH + SOLID

Taming Lahar: Productive Infrastructure

Critics: Sean Gallagher and John Barrett Columbia University GSAPP: Man, Machine and the Industrial Landscape [Fall 2012] Technology Elective

MT. RAINIER, PIERCE COUNTY, WASHINGTON STATE

LAHAR IS AN INDONESIAN TERM FOR VOLCANIC MUDFLOW. ITS CONSISTENCY IS SIMILAR TO WET CONCRETE, AND CAN FLOW AT RAPID SPEEDS.

2.5 MILLION PEOPLE $45 BILLION OF ASSETS

Fircrest 6,500 University Place 31,000 Steilacoom 6,000 Tacoma 200,000 Milton 7,000 Pacic 6,700 Fife Edgewood 9,500 9,200 Auburn 71,000

Sumner 9,500 Bonney Lake 17,500

Lakewood 58,000

Puyallup 37,000

Buckley 4,300

Enumclaw 10,000

Dupont 8,200

ORTING
6,800

South Prairie 434 Wilkeson 477 Carbonado 610

Eatonville

POTENTIAL PATH OF A LARGE LAHAR FLOW (recurrence every 100-500 years)

SEATTLE

OLYMPIA

ORTING MT. RAINIER

ORTING, WASHINGTON

THE TOWN OF ORTING WAS BUILT UPON 20 FT OF LAHAR FROM THE ELECTRON MUDFLOW

Where should we plan safety infrastructure?

Milton Fife ma

Pacic Auburn

Edgewood Sumner

Bonney Lake Puyallup Buckley South Prairie Enumclaw

ORTING

Wilkeson Carbonado

Eatonville

PATH OF THE ELECTRON MUDFLOW

500 years ago the Electron Mudflow carried 200 million cubic yards of lahar a distance of 50 KM from the summit. This path would be extremely likely in the case of another large lahar flow.

20FT

THE TOWN OF ORTING LIES BETWEEN TWO MAJOR RIVER VALLEYS, LOCATED DIRECTLY NORTH OF MT. RAINIER.

PEARL

I5

PACIFIC

I5

SR512

Puyallup

ORTING
MERIDIAN

SR507

SR 50 7

SR702

MOUNTAIN

TIME IT WOULD TAKE RESIDENTS OF ORTING TO EVACUATE:

TIME IT TAKES LAHAR TO REACH ORTING AFTER DETECTION

30 HOURS

40 MINUTES

SR161

1 SR16

SR162

16 SR

AR

IN

EV

IE

Milton
I705

Pacic

SR167

Fife Tacoma
RIV ER

Edgewood

Su

LAHAR DETECTION WARNING SYSTEMS ARE CURRENTLY INSTALLED IN THE RIVER VALLEYS, DETECTING VIBRATION FROM THE VOLCANO.
mner
RADIO TRANSMITTER

Bonney Lake
SR410
PHOTOVOLTAICS

SR165

South Prairie Wilkeson

ELECTRONICS VAULT CABLE TO UNDERGROUND SENSORS

Carbonado

SR165
CURRENT EVACUATION ROUTES

DESIGNATED FOREST LAND

(Includes land primarily useful for growing trees for commercial purposes)

MT. RAINIER NATIONAL PARK

(Preserved park land)

Wilk

ORTING
THE KNUCKLE
Large scale lahar infrastructure, located at intersection of river, utility right-of-way, and vehicular infrastructure

Lahar to be contained within uninhabited forest land

BAFFLES
Built-up baffles along the river edge create eddys that slow lahar down and push it into tributaries that move into the forest land

Eatonville

Where can we divert the lahar?

UTILITY RIGHT-OF-WAY
Utilize utility right-of-way as a location for large scale lahar flow infrastructure

Buckley

Enumclaw

keson Carbonado

THE KNUCKLE

T Y RIGH UTILIT

AY OFW

TRIBUTARIES BRANCH OFF FROM THE RIVER

BAFFLES ALONG THE PUYALLUP RIVER

BAFFLES ARE BUILT UP ALONGSIDE THE RIVER, ACTING AS EDDYS FOR THE LAHAR, REVERSING AND DIVERTING THE CURRENT AS IT HITS THEM.

LEFTOVERS FROM TIMBER INDUSTRY CREATE MOUNDS THAT DIVERT FLOWS

ORTING

TRIBUTARIES ARE FORMED, IRRIGATING NEARBY TREES AND DIVERTING FLOWS

CURRENT IS REVERSED IN THE BAFFLE

A WALL IS BUILT UP ALONG THE UTILITY RIGHT-OF-WAY THAT INTERSECTS THE RIVER VALLEYS THAT FLOW FROM MT. RAINIER.

AGRICULTURA (Extra surface a leased agricultu

NEW ACCESS ROAD (A new road follows the lahar wall. It evacuation route and access to utiliti facilities)

UTILITY RIGHTOFWAY (Raise existing utilities onto new infrastructure where topography lowers and wall builds up)

MANUFACTURING BUILDINGS (Anticipatory lahar mining infrastructure)

PERFORATED GATE (At the rivers natural flow location, the wall becomes perforated to allow for normal flow. In the case of a lahar flow, some lahar is allowed to pass through, preventing back up)

L PROPERTY rea provided by the lahar wall becomes ral land to support the local economy)

will be used as an es/lahar manufacturing

The Carbon River and the Puyallup River intersect a utility right-of-way at two main locations. These two locations become the knuckles, where several natural and man-made industrial processes converge. A large scale wall is built up along the entire existing utility right-away, however it merely fills in where the topography lowers, rather than being built at the same height across the land. In the case of a large scale lahar flow, lahar will be slowed in the river valleys, and will pool in the uninhabited landscape, rather than move forward into the towns below.

PRODUCTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE

PERFORATED WALL AT RIVER VALLEYS The river can maintain its normal flows and drainage from the peak of Mt. Rainier. During a lahar flow, boulders and larger materials will be kept back, causing the remaining material to flow slowly and contained to the river valleys.

LAHAR PROCESSING PLANTS In the case of a lahar flow, lahar i wall and is brought up to process wall.

PERFORATED WALL AT RIVER VALLEY

MANUFACTURING

FARMING

MANUFACTURING

FARMING

MANUFACTU

Lahar is processed in facilities above the wall. It is then transformed into concrete blocks, concrete aggregate, asphalt paving material, or more finite sand for use in countertops or ceramics.

s blocked by the right-of-way sing plants set up on top of the

ELEVATED FARMING This productive wall takes advantage of the fertile soil in the region, allowing farming to occupy the elevated surface. A range of crops would be produced there, benefitting the local economy.

MANUFACTURING

FARMING

MANUFACTURING

RING

FARMING

MANUFACTURING

FARMING

MANUFACTURING

PERFORATED WALL AT RIVER VALLEY

Bronx Art and Manufacturing Center

Critics: Anton Martinez and Elias Matar Columbia University GSAPP: Technology V [Spring 2013]

with Ruth Wang, Anastasia Tania, and Cindy Hwang

Can we create an interchangeable curtainwall system?

10

11

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

A-201

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

insulation height: 6 1/4"

insulation height: 6 1/4"

insulation height: 6 1/4"

insulation height: 6 1/4"

25'-0"

33'-0"

33'-2"

insulation height: 7 1/4"

B
insulation height: 3 3/4" insulation height: 2" insulation height: 2" insulation height: 7 1/4"

34'-3"

34'-0"

RD 14'-3" 27'-6" 14'-9"

DOWN

RD 41'-4" 41'-2" 42'-3"

insulation height: 2"

insulation height: 7 3/4"

insulation height: 2"

insulation height: 7 1/4"

RD 40'-3" 45'-11"

RD

38'-8"

Parapet: 12" wide 42" tall

32'-11"

33'-0"

1 A-200

33'-10"

31'-11"

1 A-200

C
insulation height: 6 1/4" insulation height: 6 1/4"

insulation height: 6 1/4" insulation height: 6 1/4"

55'-11" 55'-11" 55'-11"

1A 2A

A-201

ROOF PLAN

3A 4A

10

11

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

A-201

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

25'-0"

TENANT A

TENANT B

TENANT C

TENANT D

B
JAN JAN

27'-6"

MECH

MECH

DOWN

UP

DOWN

UP

1 A-200

ELEC

ELEC

1 A-200

C
UP DOWN

55'-11" 55'-11" 55'-11"

1A 2A 3A

A-201

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN (6TH FLOOR)

4A

10

11

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

A-201

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

27'-6"

A
MECH MANAGEMENT OFFICE MANAGEMENT OFFICE TRUCK LOADING AREA

B
JAN ELEC

25'-0"

RETAIL SPACE

27'-6"

MECH

LOBBY CAFE

MECH

UP

UP

1 A-200

ELEC JAN
UP

1 A-200

C
8'-1"
UP

VESTIBULE

66'-5"

102'-8"
A-201 1

1A 2A

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

3A

14'-10"

56'-4"

26'-2"

1. TRANSPARENT GLAZING

1 air cavity

double glazing

2. SEMI-TRANSPARENT GLAZING WITH FRIT

ceramic frit glazing

3. OPAQUE INSULATED ALUMINUM PANELS

stainless steel panel dense pack cellulose insulation stainless steel panel

3 X 9 INSULATED STAINLESS STEEL PANELS

3 X 9 CLEAR GLAZING PANELS

3 X 3 AND 3 X 2.5 FRITTED GLAZING PANELS

3 X 3 AND 3 X 2.5 CLEAR GLAZING PANELS

ALUMINUM, GLASS AND FRITTED GLASS PANELS CREATE A GRADIENT OF TRANSPARENCY ACROSS THE FACADE.

1 x 1/2 SLOTS IN METAL PANEL FOR HORIZONTAL T-CLIPS

BACKER ROD FOR T-CLIP PLACEMENT

2 x 1/2 x 1/2 THICK VERTICAL T-CLIP

CONTINUOUS BEARING GASKET

3 x 5.5 HORIZONTAL MULLION

2 L-BRACKETS CONNECTING HORIZONTAL MULLION TO VERTICAL MULLION

METAL PANEL TO METAL PANEL CONNECTION

THERMAL BREAK STRUCTURAL SILICONE

0.125 ALUMINUM ANGLE

GLASS PANEL TO METAL PANEL CONNECTION

GLASS PANEL TO GLASS PANEL CONNECTION

UNISTRUT EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB STAINLESS STEEL PLATE AS UNISTRUT SPACER

SHIM

STAINLESS STEEL PLATE BOLTED TO UNISTRUT 3 X 5.5 HORIZONTAL MULLION BOLTED TO L-BRACKETS ON VERTICAL MULLION

3 X 5.5 VERTICAL MULLION BOLTED TO STAINLESS STEEL PLATE STAINLESS STEEL C-CHANNEL SLAB COVER BOLTED TO UNISTRUT FIBERGLASS INSULATION AS THERMAL BREAK TO FLOOR SLAB & FIREPROOFING

CURTAINWALL EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC

UNISTRUT EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE PARAPET

1/2 STAINLESS STEEL C-CHANNEL CAPPING BATT INSULATION IN FRONT OF SLAB

STAINLESS STEEL PLATE AS UNISTRUT SPACER

BATT INSULATION

SHIM

1/2 STAINLESS STEEL L PLATE CONNECTING VERTICAL MULLION TO SLAB

1 1/2 DEEP BY 1/8 THK INSULATED BRUSHED ALUMINUM PANEL FILLED WITH POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION

METAL PANEL FACADE SECTION AT SLAB

1/2 STAINLESS STEEL C-CHANNEL CAPPING BATT INSULATION IN FRONT OF SLAB

1/2 STEEL L BRACKETS HOLDING PANEL IN AT CONCRETE PARAPET

BATT INSULATION

1 1/2 DEEP BY 1/8 THK INSULATED BRUSHED ALUMINUM PANEL FILLED WITH POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION 1 1/2 OVERHANG

STAINLESS STEEL HOOK BOLTED TO SLAB

METAL PANEL FACADE SECTION AT GROUND FLOOR OVERHANG

49'-

2'-0"

TriPyramid medium strength support rods

11'-5"

2'-5"

2'-0"

3'-6"

3'-8"

11'-10"

STAIR ELEVATION AT GROUND FLOOR

Can a stair connect and unify working spaces?

Firelite 1hr rated glazing system

0"

24 deep wide flange to support curtain wall

6'-11"

Viva Circa cable handrail system 24 deep built-up steel stringers

9'-0"

At the ground floor of the building, the stair is extended to make up for the additional 4 of floor-to-floor distance. This extra length of stair must be picked up by an additional support system. A series of three medium-strength TriPyramid steel rods help support the additional stair length, as it hangs from both the slab and beam above. The stair atriums extend every two floors with a one-hour fire-rated FireLite Glazing System sealing the atriums to protect from floor-to-floor fire spread in the building.

TYPICAL STAIR AXON

2 X 10 Angle Tread Supports Welded To Stringers

12 X 44 Traction Tread Carbon Steel Tread With Steel Riser 18 X 4 Steel Angle Embedded Into Concrete Landing, Bolted Onto Wide Flange

Welded Plate 4 O.C. For Connection To Curtain Wall W 24x76 Steel Beam

24 Deep Built Up Steel Stringer

STAIR / SLAB LANDING CONNECTION

The monumental stair at the faade of the building is comprised of 24-inch steel stringers that run the length of the stair. The entire stair is connected to the concrete landing and slab below with an embedded steel plate and bolt system. A 24-inch deep steel beam runs from each stair landing to the slab across, providing a location from which to hang the curtain wall as it bypasses the cut in the slab for the stair. This beam is also connected to the concrete slab by way of an embedded steel plate.

GROUND FLOOR ENVELOPE: THREE SYSTEMS

10 A-501

9 A-501

8 A-501

7 A-501

6 A-501

5 A-501

4 A-501

3 A-501

2 A-501

1 A-501

4'0"

4'0"

8"

8"

8"

8"

8"

8"

12

2'0"

2'0"

12

2'0"

1. PRECAST CONCRETE PANEL WALL SEC TION

2. PRECAST CONCRETE PANEL WALL SECTION WITH PUNCHED WINDOW

3. STOREFRONT GLAZING SYS TEM

To create the illusion of a glass box seemingly floating in space, the ground floor cladding system is intentionally designed in contrast to the minimal curtain wall system. There are three systems for the ground floor cladding - a floor to ceiling storefront system, a punch window system and a precast concrete panel system.

The ground floor takes advantage of a perimeter heating system that runs along the storefront system beneath ground level. Cold and hot water runs through fin tube radiators to generate tempered air that rises above aluminum grills along the storefront, reducing condensation on the glazing.

12"

4'0"

A Scroll Through the Bowery

Critic: Troy Therrien and Leigha Dennis Columbia University GSAPP: Web As Site [Spring 2013] Visual Studies Elective

with Whitney Boykin and Martin Lodman

THE WEBSITE IS A DIGITAL WALKING TOUR, WHERE THE VISITOR CAN LITERALLY SCROLL THROUGH THE BOWERY, AS IT TRANSITIONS FROM DAY TO NIGHT.

ON DISPLAY AT NEW MUSEUMS IDEAS CITY STREETFEST, OUR WEBSITE WAS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD WALKING TOUR.

The Vapor Veil

Critic: Amanda Parkes Columbia University GSAPP: Bodycraft [Spring 2013] Visual Studies Elective

with Ricky Vega and Therese Diede

SCENARIO: In the future the air will be so polluted in dense urban areas that filtration masks will be necessary in all outdoor spaces. With the growing concern about pollution, the concern for overall body health has grown as well. Can a physical garment help mediate the dangers of the exterior environment, provide immune support against possible ailments, and help physically support our aging bodies?

THE VAPOR VEIL IS A MASK THAT BOTH SCREENS OUT POLLUTED AIR AND RELEASES CUSTOM VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS TO AID BODY HEALTH.

LAMINATED RIB

FABRIC

VAPOR DELIVERY CHANNEL

VAPOR DISTRIBUTION

VAPOR VEIL PREVENTIVE MASK

DETACHABLE SLEEVE COMPONENT

MASK EXTENSION FLUID REFILL

MASK RETRACTED

MEDICAL TUBING STORAGE + DELIVERY

SLEEVE BUTTON CONNECTION TO GARMENT

MASK EXTENSION

DETACHABLE SLEEVE COMPONENT

INTERIOR LINING SUIT SHEER NUDE VARIANT

NON EXTENSION LINING

MEDICAL + NUTRITIONAL FLUID STORAGE

DETACHABLE PANT LEG COMPONENT

FLUID DELIVERY + MEDICAL SENSOR

PRESSURIZED GEL

MEDICAL & PRESSURE TUBING

INTERIOR LINING SUIT WHITE VARIANT

TUBING LINES OF NON EXTENSION

STRUCTURAL JOINT PRESSURE GEL ACTIVATED

HARD LAMINATED JOINT

PRESSURIZED GEL POCKETS

MEDICAL TUBING ACTIVE PRESSURE CONTROL LINES

ACTIVE PRESSURE STRUCTURAL SUPPORT

THE INNER BODY LINING ACTS AS A SECOND SKIN BENEATH CLOTHING. SMALL TUBES SENSE BODY HEALTH AND DISTRIBUTE MEDICINE.

A Brick for Dharavi

Critic: Josh Draper Columbia University GSAPP: Formworks [Fall 2011] Visual Studies Elective

with Rachel Villalta and Kyle Hovenkotter

= Structure

= Infrastructure

Today, rapidly deployable cast modules like a CMU block can only provide structural support to the communities in which they are implemented. Is there a modification to the simple cast module that can extend its performance to provide infrastructural support? Can a form small enough to be carried into hyperdense informal settlements also be engineered to move water and waste through them? This intervention takes into account that 4 out of 10 people worldwide dont have any access to sanitation. It sites itself in Dharavi, Mumbai, which has one of the highest concentrations of humans on the planet,

and yet there is no plumbing, running water, or toilets of any kind. Traditional latrines, usually built with concrete block are not designed to move waste, contributing to the spread of contagions in these populations. This project challenges the current solution by distributing a latrine along an interior street through Dharavi, creating a public restroom facility and provisional sewer system, both constructed out of concrete modules.

TOILET TOILET

TOILET

TOILET

POTABLE WATER, NOT FOR DHARAVI

DHARAVI, MUMBAI, PIPE LINE PROMENADE

UPPER WEST SIDE, MANHATTAN 7,800 PEOPLE

DHARAVI, MUMBAI 600,000 1,000,000 PEOPLE

EXCHANGE/ TERMINUS

VENTILATION/ HYDRATION

PROPOSED DRAINAGE SOLUTION

Can we design new infrastructure for waste removal with a single brick?

PRIVATE LATRINES

CATCHMENT RUNNEL

freestanding screenwall impermeable retaining wall double sided freestanding wall (filled with concrete) poured in place concrete catchment runnel

BRICK DEPLOYMENT

FL AT PA K

RE TA IN WA ING LL

VE ST RTI C

RU CA CT L UR AL

WA TE R

WA LL

THE FABRICATION PROCESS

1. ROUGH SURFACE MATERIAL REMOVAL

2. 3D CONTOUR PARTING SURFACE MATING PASS TO SEAL THE MOLD

3. VERY FINE SURFACE FINISH, DIAGONALLY HATCHED

4. JOINT PASS FOR STACKABILITY

ONSITE FABRICATION Members of the community may carry around reusable brick mold backpacks for selfproduction of bricks.

FREESTANDING WALL

FREESTANDING PRIVACY SCREEN

FLAT PACK SHINGLES

RETAINING WALL

Analyzing Listings
Critic: Brian Brush Columbia University GSAPP: Field of Play [Fall 2011] Visual Studies Elective

PERCENTAGE OF 2029 YEAR OLDS LIVING IN MANHATTAN

What can apartment listings tell us about the Lower East Side?

I TRACKED THE QUALITIES AND ATTRIBUTES OF 50 APARTMENT LISTINGS ON CRAIGSLIST, AIMING TO VISUALIZE AND FIND CORRELATIONS IN THE DATA.

D 2N

EN AV

NU VE TA 1S

UE

W Y ST REE T

M ILLIA

SBU

R RG B

IDGE

A DEL

NCE

ET RE ST

E RE ST

APARTMENT PRICE AND SIZE 1 bedroom 2 bedrooms 3 bedrooms

IE ST RY H C

H YT RS O F

AL

EN

ST

RE

ET

Apartment Listing Image Quality very good good poor not actual apartment no images

Apartment Listings Specifying a Proximity to Subway Stops or Public Transit subway stops proximity to subway stops listed in ad no mention of public transit in ad

Apartment Listing Description Quality very good good poor

Apartment Listings Specifying a Proximity to Local Amenities (NYU, Nightlife, Bars and Restaurants) in Relationship to the Percentage of 20-29 Year Olds Living in the Area percentage of 20-29 year olds local amenities listed in ad no information on local amenities in ad