Open Model For Exchanging Power System Data

Open Model For Exchanging Power System Data

Prof. Dr. Federico Milano E-mail: Federico.Milano@uclm.es
Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha Espana

Dr. Mike Zhou E-mail: mike@interpss.org

TIBCO Software, Inc. Palo Alto, CA, USA

Mr. GuanJi Hou E-mail: stephen@interpss.org

South China University of Technology Guangdong, China

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Bio. - Federico Milano

Federico Milano received from the University of Genoa, Italy, the Electrical
Engineering degree and the Ph.D. degree in 1999 and 2003, respectively.

From 2001 to 2002 he worked at the University of Waterloo, Canada, as a

Visiting Scholar.

He is currently an associate tenured Professor at the University of

Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.

His research interests include voltage stability, electricity markets and

computer-based power system analysis and control.

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Bio. - Mike Zhou

Ph.D. Tsinghua University, 1987. Currently a senior computer system

architect with TIBCO Software, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA. He is also the architect of the InterPSS project.

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Bio. - GuanJi Hou

GuanJi Hou received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from

Electric Power College, South China University of Technology, Guangdong, China, in 2006. Since then, he has been studying at the South China University of Technology for the M.S. degree. Currently, he is a member of InterPSS development team. His main eld of interest includes computer-based and expecially grid-computing-based power system simulation and analysis.

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Contents

Motivations Background Open Data Model Example Conclusions

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Motivations I

The IEEE recommended a Common Data Format (IEEE CDF) for

exchanging power ow data date back to the early seventies.

Unfortunately, the IEEE CDF is not exible and is limited to static data. These facts make this format not suitable for storing dynamic and market
information.

Besides, software companies uses their own internal data format. Most of
these formats are proprietary and generally are not freely documented.

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Motivations II

We think that the power system community needs a modern, completely

free, exible and well-documented format for power system analysis data exchange.

The extensible markup language (XML) is a natural choice since it has

reached a very mature technology and has become a world-wide standard for exchanging and sharing information.

A huge variety of open-source XML processing tools are freely available. Surprisingly enough, the power system community is one of the very few
scientic and technical areas were XML is not widely used.

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Background I

Among all existing formats, one can identify a few basic groups. The taxonomy can be made based on different features. The way data are stored, organized and structured. The kind of data and analysis supported. The number of les that compose the full system data set. The way default data and data manipulation is handled.

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Ways for Storing, Organizing and Structuring Data

Fixed position, xed order. For example: UCTE, IEEE CDF, Eurostag,
EPRI.

Free position, xed order. For example: PSS/E, GE-PSLF. Free position, free order. For example: Simpow, DigSilent, PSAT. The XML schema provides exibility, scalability while maintaining a
schematic structure.

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Kind of Data and Analysis Supported

Static Data. (e.g. power ow data). Dynamic Data. (e.g. synchronous machine and regulator parameters). Market Data. (e.g. generator and load bids). Short Circuit Analysis Data. (e.g. negative and zero sequence of
generators and transformers).

Graphical Data. (e.g. network scheme, geographical information system,

etc.).

Other Data. (e.g. FACTS data, user dened component data, etc.).

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Number of Files that Compose the Full System Data Set

Single le. Most of the data formats requires a single le for dening the
whole network. This is typical of most formats.

Multiple xed number of les. Some formats uses different les for
different information. For example the power ow data is separated from the dynamic data (e.g. CYME and Eurostag ).

Any number of les. SIMPOW provides the possibility of including any

number of les. This feature is useful in case of large networks, where the amount of data is cumbersome.

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Default Values and Data Manipulation

Default Values. Most formats, especially xed position formats, does not
support default values and force writing all data of a component, even if those data are not known or could be easily deduced by default.

Device Prototyping. An advanced evolution of default data is the device

prototyping. This feature is only provided by the DigSilent format.

Modication Command. Some formats provide a set of commands for

modifying the base case data. For example Simpow provides the powerful
ALTER

command.

Formats based on scripting languages, such as Matlab, implicitly include

modication commands, since any Matlab function and matrix manipulation can be included in the data le.
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Background II

Available formats (not complete!): Aspen, CEPEL, CYME, DigSilent,

EPRI/BPA, Etap, Eurostag, FlowDemo.net, GE-PSLF, IEEE CDF, INPTC1, InterPSS, MatPower, Neplan, PowerWorld, PSAT, PSS/E, PST, Simpow, UCTE, etc.

Due to the high number of available formats, if one wants to use different
software tools, one has to use some data import/export utilities.

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Current Import/Export Utilities

The current way of importing and exporting data is quite expensive. If there are n data formtas and m applications, the number of possible conversion is n m!
Formats IEEE CDF Import Utilities Software CompanyA PSS/E

CIM

InterPSS

CompanyA PSAT CompanyB

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Proposed Import/Export Utilities

The proposed ODM is able to solve this issue, given that this schema
becomes widely accepted by the power system community and by software companies.

Using the ODM model, the possible ltering/converting routes for n formats and m applications are only n + m.
Formats IEEE CDF Import/Export Utilities Import/Export Utilities Software CompanyA PSS/E Canonical Model ODM Schema InterPSS

CIM

CompanyA PSAT CompanyB

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Open Data Model

The proposed ODM is specied by an XML schema intended for power

system simulation.

The ODM does not pretend to replace CIM models, but rather to provide
a complementary tool.

The main purpose is for power system analysis: power ow, optimal
power ow, time domain simulations, etc.

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Basic Concepts of the Open Data Model

Records. Attributes. Power system Data (bus record, branch record, etc.). Case Study (base case, scenarios, etc.). Naming convention. Units.

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Records

The smallest unit of information is a record. Each record has certain common attributes, such as name, description,
status, etc.

A minimal power system data le is a set of bus records and branch

records, with the branch records connecting to two or more bus records to form a network.

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Prototype of Base Record

Prototype of base record in XML format.

BaseRecordXmlType

e e e e e e e e

name desc offLine number area zone owner nvPairList

[0..1] [0..1] [0..1] [0..1] [0..1] [0..1] [0..1] [0..1]

string string boolean int int NameValuePairListXmlType int string NameValuePairListXmlType

nvPair

[0..*]

NameValuePairXmlType

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Network Record

The network record is a box that contains all network devices.

IDRecordXmlType BusRecordListXmlType

id

[1..1]

ID

bus

[0..*]

BusRecordXmlType

BranchRecordListXmlType PSSNetworkXmlType

branch

[0..*]

BranchRecordXmlType

e e e e e e e

basePower

[1..1] double (lossZoneListType)

basePowerUnit [1..1] (basePowerUnitType) busList branchList lossZoneList [1..1] BusRecordListXmlType [1..1] BranchRecordListXmlType [0..1] (lossZoneListType)

lossZone

[0..*]

(lossZoneType)

(interchangeListType)

interchangeList [0..1] (interchangeListType) tieLineList [0..1] (tieLineListType)

nvPair

[0..*]

(interchangeType)

(tieLineListType)

nvPair

[0..*]

(tieLineType)

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Bus Record

Bus record structure and attributes:

IDRecordXmlType

id

[1..1]

ID

LoadFlowBusDataXmlType

e e
BusRecordXmlType

voltage angle genData loadData shuntY

[1..1] [0..1] [0..1] [0..1] [0..1]

VoltageXmlType AngleXmlType (genDataType) (loadDataType) YXmlType PowerXmlType

e e e e

e e e

baseVoltage

[1..1] double

baseVoltageUnit [1..1] (baseVoltageUnitType) loadFlowBusData[1..1] LoadFlowBusDataXmlType

powerInjection [0..1]

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Branch Record

Branch record structure and attributes:

IDRecordXmlType IDRefRecordXmlType ID

id

[1..1]

idRef

[1..1]

IDREF

BranchRecordXmlType

LoadFlowBranchDataXmlType

e e e e e

fromBus toBus tertiaryBus circuitId

[1..1] IDRefRecordXmlType [1..1] IDRefRecordXmlType [0..1] IDRefRecordXmlType [0..1] string

e e e e e

code lineData xformerData

[1..1] (codeType) [0..1] (lineDataType) [0..1] TransformerDataXmlType

phaseShiftXfrData [0..1] PhaseShiftXfrDataXmlType ratingLimit [0..1] (ratingLimitType)

loadFlowBusData [0..1] LoadFlowBranchDataXmlType

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Example

One-line diagram of the 5-bus test sample. We presents some chunks of XML codes. ODM data les are created by specic XML editors, not by hand!
Bus 4 Bus 2 Bus 3 Bus 5

Bus 1

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Example - Header Data

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <pss:PSSStudyCase> <pss:id>5Bus-Sample-System</pss:id> <pss:schemaVersion>V1.00</pss:schemaVersion> <pss:originalFormat>IEEE-ODM-PSS</pss:originalFormat> <pss:analysisCategory>Loadflow</pss:analysisCategory> <pss:networkCategory>Transmission</pss:networkCategory> <pss:baseCase> <pss:id>Base-Case</pss:id> <pss:basePower>100.0</pss:basePower> <pss:basePowerUnit>MVA</pss:basePowerUnit> <pss:busList> ... </pss:busList> <pss:branchList> ... </pss:branchList> </pss:baseCase> </pss:PSSStudyCase>
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Example - Bus Data

<pss:bus> <pss:name>Gen Bus-4 1000 Volt</pss:name> <pss:id>Bus4</pss:id> <pss:baseVoltage>1000</pss:baseVoltage> <pss:baseVoltageUnit>VOLT</pss:baseVoltageUnit> <pss:loadflowBusData> <pss:voltage> <pss:voltage>1.05</pss:voltage> <pss:unit>PU</pss:unit> </pss:voltage> <pss:genData> <pss:code>PV</pss:code> <pss:gen> <pss:p>500.0</pss:p> <pss:q>0.0</pss:q> <pss:unit>MVA</pss:unit> </pss:gen> </pss:genData> </pss:loadflowBusData> </pss:bus>

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Example - Branch Data

<pss:branch> <pss:id>Bus3_to_Bus5_cirId_1</pss:id> <pss:fromBus> <pss:idRef>Bus3</pss:idRef> </pss:fromBus> <pss:toBus> <pss:idRef>Bus5</pss:idRef> </pss:toBus> <pss:circuitId>1</pss:circuitId> <pss:loadflowBranchData> <pss:code>Transformer</pss:code> <pss:xformerData> <pss:z> <pss:r>0.0</pss:r> <pss:x>0.03</pss:x> <pss:unit>PU</pss:unit> </pss:z> <pss:fromTurnRatio>1.05</pss:fromTurnRatio> </pss:xformerData> </pss:loadflowBranchData> </pss:branch>
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Conclusions

We have presented a novel approach based on the XML schema for

storing and exchanging power system data.

We call this approach the Open Data Model. It is open for two reasons: because it is freely documented and because
it can be easily adapted to include any information related to power system analysis.

The implementation of the ODM schema is currently at an early

development stage. Any volunteers?

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Thanks for your attention! Questions?

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