Equilibrium Constants: Illustrative examples 1. Consider the stoichiometric equation of reaction, 2NOCl (g) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) , Kc = 1.

6 x 10-5 mol/L at 35C. If 1.0 mole of NOCl is placed in a 2.0-L flask, what are the equilibrium concentrations at 35C. 2. For the reaction, 2CO2(g) 2CO(g) + O2(g) , Kc = 2.0 x 10-6 mol/L at a given temperature. If 2.0 moles of CO2 is initially placed into a 5.0-L vessel, calculate the equilibrium concentrations of all species. 3. A 5.0-L reaction vessel is filled with 1.0 mole of H2, 1.0 mole of I2, and 2.5 moles of HI. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of H2, I2, and HI at 500K. the equilibrium constant, Kc, at 500K for the reaction, H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI, is 129. 4. For the reaction, I2(g) 2I(g), with Kc = 3.76 x 10-5 . If the initial I2 concentration is 0.50 mol/L, what will be the equilibrium concentrations of I2(g) and I(g) ? 5. Hydrogen sulphide gas decomposes at 700C according to the following equilibrium, 2H2S(g) 2H2(g) + S2(g) , Kc = 9.1 x 10-8 mol/L What will be the equilibrium concentrations of the gases if the initial concentration of H2S was 0.20 mol/L. 6. 6 moles of SO2(g) and 4 moles of O2(g) are introduced into a 1.0-L reaction vessel. At equilibrium, the vessel contains 4 moles of SO3(g). Calculate Kc for this reaction. The balanced equation is 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g). 7. 6 moles of H2 and 3 moles of I2 are placed into a 1.0-L reaction vessel. For the temperature of the reaction, Kc = 4.00. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of H2, I2, and HI. The balanced equation for the reaction is H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g). 8. At another temperature for the reaction H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g), Kc = 51.5. A sample of HI was placed into a 1.0-L vessel. At equilibrium, 0.218 mole of H2 is present. How much HI was originally placed into the flask? How much I2 and HI were present at equilibrium?

9.

At equilibrium, there is 0.31 mole of CO, 0.14 mole of Cl2, and 0.78 mole of COCl2 in a 1.0-L container. How many moles of Cl2 must be added to reduce the concentrations of CO to 0.25 mol/L ? The balanced equation of this reaction is CO(g) + Cl2(g) COCl2(g).

10.

For the reaction, CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g) , H = -41.2 kJ Does the amount of H2 in an equilibrium mixture increase or decrease when the temperature is increased? How does Kc change when the temperature is decreased?

11.

An equilibrium mixture of O2, SO2, and SO3 contains equal concentrations of SO2, and SO3. Calculate the concentration of O2 if Kc = 2.7 x 102 for the reaction 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)

12.

At equilibrium, there is 0.31 mole of CO, 0.14 mole of Cl2, and 0.78 mole of COCl2 in a 1.0-L container. How many moles of Cl2 must be added to reduce the concentrations of CO to 0.25 mol/L ? The balanced equation of this reaction is CO(g) + Cl2(g) COCl2(g)

13.

The vapour pressure of water at 25C is 0.0313 atm. Calculate the values of Kp and Kc at 25C for the equilibrium H2O(l) H2O(g).

14.

For the reaction below, Kp = 1.16 at 800C CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g) If 20.0g sample of CaCO3 is put into a 10.0-L container and heated to 800C, what % by mass of the CaCO3 will react to reach equilibrium?