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NEW SOUTH WALES

Mathematics Extension 2
Exercise 9/67
by James Coroneos Coroneos*
1. Find expressions in a + ib form for 2 (i) ei/6 ; ei/4 ; ei/2 ; ei ; e 3 i ; e2i ; ei3/2 (ii) ei + ei ; e1+i/2 ; e3i/4 ; e3i e3i ; ei5/6 + ei/3 2. If z1 = 4ei/2 , z2 = 3ei/3 nd (i) z1 z2 (ii) z1 /z2 (iii) z1 + z2 (iv) z1 z2 (v) z 1 + z 2 3. (i) Assuming ei = cos + i sin , nd two expressions for e2i , and hence prove that cos 2 = cos2 sin2 and sin 2 = 2 sin cos . (ii) Repeat (i), with e3i , and hence obtain the results cos 3 = 4 cos3 3 cos and sin 3 = 3 sin 4 sin3 . (iii) Obtain a result for cos 5 in terms of cos .
1 z

4. If z = cos + i sin = ei , simplify (i) 5.

(ii) z +

1 z

(iii) z 2 +

1 z2

(iv) z 3 +

1 z3

(i) If (1 + 3i)/(1 2i) = rei , determine r and (r > 0; < ). ei , where 0 < < /2. (ii) Find (z ), (z ), |z |, arg z , z if z = 1+ ei/2

6. Use the result for ei , to prove that (a) |z1 z2 | = |z1 ||z2 | and arg(z1 z2 ) = arg z1 + arg z2 |z1 ||z2 ||z3 | z2 z3 (b) | z1 and z4 z5 | = |z4 ||z5 | z1 z2 z3 arg( z4 z5 ) = arg z1 + arg z2 + arg z3 arg z4 arg z5 (c) |z n | = |z |n and arg(z n ) = n arg(z ). (d) (cos 1 + i sin 1 )(cos 2 + i sin 2 )(cos 3 + i sin 3 ) = cos(1 + 2 + 3 ) + i sin(1 + 2 + 3 )
*Other resources by James Coroneos are available. Write to P.O. Box 25, Rose Bay, NSW, 2029, Australia, for a catalogue. Typeset by AMS-T EX. 1

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7. Use the principle of mathematical induction to prove De Moivres theorem, i.e., (cos + i sin )n = cos n + i sin n, for positive integral n. 8. (i) Show that 1 i 3 = 2[cos( 3 ) + i sin( 3 )], and hence that 9 (1 i 3) = 29 [cos(3 ) + i sin(3 )] using De Moivres theorem, = 29 [cos i sin ] = 512 (ii) Likewise nd the value of (a) (1 + i)8 (b) ( 3 + i)6 (c) (2 2i)6

9. Find x such that 0 < x < , and

2eix 2+i

13i 5 .