Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
OR
COIFDTATM OF ATHEISM
Translated
Vali
Mohammed
by Cbhaganblisi
MANAWADAB-K"TBIAWAD
PitUisheA
ly
tftflftifc
NIZ AMIY
AH
BOOK
(Copy rightreserved
Sine Edition
Copies tOOO
Printed
by
T.
P.
Thakor
at
the
Praja
Bamlhu
Printing
Works,
Jethabhai's
PoI0j
Ehadia,
AHMTSDABAD.
In
e"
Oh,
Allah!
May
and
Thy
peace
be
Mohammed
descendants.
This
to
little
book
is
which
give
of of
come
the
public
the
translation
the
Hadls-i-Hallia^
the
tradition It has
myrobalan
to
us
fruit* from
down
Hazrat
Imam of
JMar*U8'Sadik
upon
(May
the sixth
Peace
of of
God Twelve
house
be
him)
the
the
Immaculate
Imikos
of
Mohammed~4he
in the
Prophet,
of
the
He
lived
middle
era*
second
the
most
century
of
Islamic
After
tragic
Hazrat
be upon
massacre
of
the
Third
of
Imam God
the
Huseln.
(May
who
Peace
him)
forces
fought
against
hostile
the
of
ungodly
Omnmyyads.for
faith
of
protection" of the
the
Islam,
his
and
holy
principles, which
grand-
father-the
the
and fell
martyr
the
to
the
eause?
at
Karbala,
whole
family of
the
took the Imams Prophet especially to seclusion. They preferred peaceful of Islam to taking any part, preaching
and
found
consolation
knowledge,their passionate devotion to the cause of humanitytheir spirit upwardsfar above looking
love of
the literalnessof
common
tions interpretathe
spirituality
science
idea
of the heart k enlightenment its essence; Truth, its principal objeet; its guide;Reason, Inspzritioa, its
ceptor; ac-
"The
God
of man,
its
and Inspirer,
words
of pursuits of mind, the children Fatima (the Imams) with remarkable liberalism favoured learning/'1
As
success
matter
of
fact, whatever
achieved in the
the
Moslems
field of
science, or learning,
its foundation
has had
teachingsof
these Imams
these
were
Imams. the
None
but
authorised
When
the
Prophet
lie
saw
had
sermon
proached, ap-
his preached
last
and
said for
"I
leave The
behind
book
me
two
things
you.
of God
dants (Kitab"lll4all) and my descen(Itarat). If you shall hold fast to them, you
after
me.
They
Itarat)
each
shall not
from separated
unitedly."2 (inparadise)
It will not be without
am
-1 interest, which
sure,
1. "The
to read this
Spiritof
"c.
Islam".
2, Sahili
Bukhari,
Sahxh. Muslim
shows and
so
the
hands
creator
God, Who
is the
every
man
in this
world,
this
is
essential for
the
moral I
and
material progress
will
of man,
hope
the
so
supply him
arguments
much
to
are
right path.
The
so simple and logical. perfect, Besides there is absolutely nothing of any the to injure susceptibilities man
It
as
to any caste or creed* belonging is equally to the Moslems edifying well as non-Moslems,as the God
preachedin
one
of
only
nation, but
God
of all
nations and
all worlds
Alamin).
Perhaps the
find
some
modern
reader will
of the
arguments forwarded
some
by
the Imam
in
contrast to tlio
it must
presentday science,but
understood that the Inum
teach
be
intended to
"God", and
not
Imkm,
as
far
as
was
concerned*
simplyfollowed
In the
conceptions prevalent
to
which
he
be"
longed.
Now
have
must
admit
this
that
translated
Hadis
from Molvi
who other
i4Tanhid"ul-Ainimai9
by
Saheb
many
Syed
has
Mohammed
Haroon
rendered
therebyand
a
valuable
to the
books
substantial service
cause
of Islam,
not
I must
my
also
forgetto
Alam B. V.
me
thank Khan
learned
Dad
friend G.
Mr*
Ala
the
Khan,
has
C. for all
in translating for many
help he
this
given
Hadis
and
other valuable
suggestions.
I have least,
to
And
to tender
Messrs*
Mohammed
H"jiSharif
help
not can-
towards
diffusion
of
the
teaeliiugs
of
the
Iui;im?,
to
and
the
unostentatious and
services
the
cause
of
religion;
be
pray
to
that
they
zn$y
long
spared
the
community.
Vail
Mohammed
(X
Momin.
2T"th
April
1918
AH"BDA.BAD
(Gujarat)
HADIS-I-HALILA
OR
neMEtiontftkBlyrohihiM
TMTuffaz-Zilbin Omar
"*"""*" letter to Hazarat
Sadique (May
Mm)
God'1
that
some
peopleheld
and contested
theory
as atheists, on
(the Imam)
had
dona
occasions* previous
The Imam
of the Most
: "In replied
the
name
Merciful
and
to
His
will,
down drawing
His
pleasure
midst
these
con-
troversies have
our me
menace
to
I have
Let
us
offer our
thanks
to God-
the Most
to usl
His
One
of
greatest and
from Him of
important
ment establishtlm
favours
is the
in proof-deep eonvineiDg
Innermost heart
Kin
being) from
has
sent
creatures* and
sacred
book
Qur"n-wbich contains
for all doubts and has done all this for
any
efficacious remedies
God suspicions.
man.
He
other
thingdependent upon
Him"
Himself. He
He
has
directly
Is In-
Himself
the Praised.
in
By my are ignorance^
the existence-
they deny
perfect
which surand signs^ round proofs and the earthf The skyf them* wonderful the to things pertaining stence both? evince beyondall doubts the exiof some
creator. These
men
clear
have-
openedfor
to
a
themselves
gate leading
in They seek their incessant worldly Insatiable* pursuits* Their sensual desire has blighted the-
crime*
them. Satan
has assumed
sealsthe
proud and
of
the
arrogant*.
matter
great surprise
himself
perfect still so creation can unreasonably creator, refute the theoryof a perfect The structure of the body, the perfection and its connection of its design with some thing called the spiritual
seeing in
reveal soul,
be of
or
men
the
tellect wisdom aocl inextraordinary 1 vow by my lifethat these have bestowed no thoughtupon else they most have or question^
vivid por-
these
should have
called forth
a
affirmation of
xxx,
creator)
the God
Thefre is not
single thing
of signs
account
an
atheist
me
visited
inghis
"it Once robalan him,
"%"
supportof
to
while
fruit), a new
"has existed for
"f his
Universe," said he
denly, sud-
before, eternity
Om eternity.
and
tree grows
withers;one
and dies;
link that binds them together existed in the past,and will exist in
the
the
future*
Your
a
knowledgeIs
on no
baseless one?
such
actual
proof as
It
of God"
justify onlybe
with Proceeding he
went
on
force*
of various real
thingsof
or
not
could
only be
mined deter-
of the through the medium live senses. Eyes with which we see* ears by which we hear*nose by which
we
smell,and hands
we
and feel
feet
with
which the
touch
and
Continuing
chain
of his
extent
of hie
*Now said,
I have
known
God
through any
.senses^ and
of the above
cannot
mentioned
Him,
let
me
But
hear
arguments
which
you
reached
existence His
thus
by which being,
far I said : "I prove His the inherent instinct of each man9
or
whether
an
affirmed atheist
can
*f he mind
so
T He
the
but
you voice*smelled
Have
Him,
with
realize Him
denial of
Godf
have
then
not
us
Is,w
felt
for
I, "because yon
with
the
senses
givento
have not
felt
my
But
strong as
cannot
"Most
you
are
mistakes
I am/1
"
yoll dangerfor me
ara
ia
for your
disoelief."
in
m
danger.1'
"If I
not
am
think
punishmentfor
shall receive from your
a
your
and disbelief,
reward,for being
opinions?1
he replied, "Quite possibly*9 "Will you tellme/1 1 askedf"which of us is the wisersgrantingthe possibility of both the situations ?' belief is
"Oh," He
a
""Your replied.
while mine
common sense"
is
truth, based
I do not
upon
by
my
senses,
therefore He
exist" *fWhen
not
believed Him, while I,on the contrary, in Him, beeausD my failed to senses discern Him* made
you
The
very
theory that
to
disbelieve^ compelledme
T possible
he
asked*
replied, are "things 'Murc"kab* compound.EveryMural"kab possesses shape and colour that
"
"Because," I
senses. or
Therefore
that
known
by
the
senses,
cannot be God. and colour, shape having is foolish^ for disbelief Your argument
He
and decay. ordealof change an undergo is under the one and For,everything the
same
law-the
Jaw
of transformation
our
creator
not can-
by the perceivable
is Murakk'Al
was
or
five senses
a
tiling
" "
which
created
,...,....
He .........If
and
that things visible and perceivable to the are of their being account on senses MurakJcal) and
case
and created,
no
in that remain*
He would
a
have longer
ed
creator."
nonsense
"What he.
you
talk!" said
adhered persistently to his theory, the folly of which I -strove to -point "I charge out, I saidf
so
he Since,
yoii then
for of.
the
very
accused
reason
me
Your
and
are
ments
the
same
lines,as
you you
were thought*
had l4How
such
can as
an
same
defect
reproached "falsely
that my claim
to
me
with
this I
the
knowledge of
and had
God
no
was
purely traditional
basis
now
actual
for
the
fact* That
is imputation
because
that
a
you
thingnot
of the
known
through th"
is not-existent, wise. proves it other-
medium
senses
though strongevidence
You and
the
the arguments* disregard all messages from God through and the favoured of God. prophets have you
""....Tell me?
corner
visited every
of this world?"
course on*
*0f
not." he said.
I went
or
"Have
you
ever
ed ascend-
with your eyes* or boon in the bowels of the earth? HaYeyon traversed the dl?ed world,
in every s"al and moved
To presumthroughthe atmosphere? ptuously deny the existence of aa creator, omniscient^ omnipotent you most have been to all these places",
1 have
you say
neither you
living
be
certain* ho
said.
places/* "As,"I
the
you
went on,
"you
'have admitted
of a creator, probability
the ha?e
From certainty.
come
flat denial
you per-
to
lapsto faith",
*fhis doubt," he said, "isthe of the question anent places that my
10
"senses
have not seen, but I am at loss to understand how a thing be said to exist unless feltby them.9 1 explain fCWell, this,and
bring
medium
for It Is one of will be very suitable., the fruits of medical science! in whick 1
am
'JlaKte," I said,
us*
"because it is nearest to
Had
thing any-
also have
provedGod's
existence/'
Creation shows
was
creator. that
which 'That,
which
God
me
made
you
do
this "HtduaT
"Can you
"No."
"
see
"What asked,
is
in its Interior?"
not be
stone
you
do not
It with your
eyes."
11
f"How
can
I say that f he
not be one/*
replied;
there may
^Nor"
colour within?"
be absent/' "I
am
at
ooce
admit
be
had
ia
this
point/1
in their wroog don't admit it/r you
at
least believe that this fruit grows some part of the world." "I have
seen
in
that
place where
it
grows/1
"Then is it this
r-Yes. place
"Will you belieye by the presence of this Halifa that there are other
HaKIas,which
your eyes f
you
do
not
see
with
I asked*
onlyone
thus
him Seeing
to be?
a
Whether
or
tree
It had
by Itself?
.has is
come
not foolish to
tree/1
aThen, you
.existenceof
a
you ha?e l4Yes" he said* "But I add not seen*3' that the Halifo
tree like all other
which
Can
you
"in connection with "Yes",I said, have the halila"9 from know
11
you
one
seen
the
tree
which it
this
came?
Do
yon
he Yes/3
*No, how
"Then have
could IT
it the tree firs% lsWhen you saw "had no halilas*But nert time you
13
saw
T from the state of non-existence "but I say, I believeit, "Why not;' what
went
to
make
hdila in
in already
course a
the tree!which
due
of time
kalila"
aHad you
seen
had/'he replied,
consistent perfectly
"that the roots*
*Do"s itsound
to you to
say/said I
bark, leaves and all the branches^ which combined together^ fruits, weigh
many tons, were BO small a seed T
concealed lying
in
be
eon*
eealed in
"Will you admit that, they could mi be present in the seed, but came
into existence afterwards T he ''Yes/1 said "But I do not say
that theywere
created by
some
one,.
to believe
done
by
on"/1
"Yes/3lie said,
"Doe it not strike halUa is made
upon
a
colour, size* seed*, special special special of its kernel taste-some portion special is soft, while the rest hard-one portion into another has formed a coalescing is a layer over layer* compound-there and colour over colour?' bodyover body* It has hard material-enveloped a Its structure is. by a soft one* alliedtogether*. of particles composed Its yellowcolour has a whitish tinge*
preserve it from external influences* Roots to convey
a
It has
skin to
moisture* from
the
Leaves
scorched to
been better/"
the seed -with.
"God
was
the
best
judge";1
*Ead replied.
it been covered
the air without* leaves as you suggest^ and vigour it strength which gives would not have reached it. It could
not have been influenced by the cold
which
makes
it robust* The
no
sua
power
to
ripen
These
proportionately to bring the fruitto the divided* help designed perfection by the] powerful wisdom of God-the Almighty/1
#lYoar arguments/3 said
"differentinfluences
he, "have
is
convinced me
created
on
that
some
this haKfa
design underlying
its
Its form."
"The
seed in
rudimentary
11
If
16
divided its
how could particle^ of water have reached very small drop Its present state of development?
How
form, tineombiaed
or
it
wae some
with
Presume particles?
develop-
ment.
and should
onlyhave
consisted in the-
definite shape."
"iYon prove to me3*, he said, "beyond all doubts, the existence of some am Your who. has created these things. its argumentsanent the tree'sgrowth, its mod" of bearing fruit* "development, have convinced the shape of that fruit, creator? But why make it a distinct me. have created Why not say these things themselves of their
own
accord?1
think it
and wisdom
came
into
non-existence? KNo,"he
"that 1 asked, 'Do you not know/' "that it did not this Haifa is 'JEfdrfis but exist beforej
came
into
And afterwards?
that it also
"Yes,I do
'
know
he replied. this*',
be
hddis. But
did not say that itscreator was 'idclw/ and that he could not create his own that he may be possible he may be ^VajiM^ajud" or 4faddisf7 from all eternity)"* (self-existing It being.
is
the "H"lil"
"Ilddis.
created
thing (Hddb),
you declare Halila fruit
itself? When
to be
a
created
it thing,
follows thai you do not think it to bo its own creator. If, however, you resume ofargument, your oldstandpoint
fruit to
creator, you
are
18
what
at first you
denied
of
You
telligence! inperfect
proper
not
known
to
you/1
"How
now
is it"
he
asked, "that I
admit what
1 firstdenied?*
"|Itis thus:9'I
"When replied.
some
you wise
intelligence^ perfect you admitted God* But called It by the name of instead of calling it God- Allah* 4haKla9t
If you had used but a little discretion and reflections you must have realised
that the halila had
or no
power to create
other
proofsbesides-
why
ficant insigni-
a thing that it powerless from being not save itself can plucked, and devoured?1 squeezed
and
onlythe power
said.
of
tolf you
your
.assure
are
inclinedto
so;
ID
do obstinacy^
me
as
bit
at
to
when
this
it did it before created itself-whether or afterwards ? into existence* it came If you say
afterwards, you
are
absurd*
Because it is
your
be
that
the
mean
halila
that
creating
ready quite and created, A it created itself agaio* most absurd and impossible theorythe aquisitioE of what is already If you say (Tahsil-e-Hasil)* acquired
and itself,
when it
was
it
is
thingto non-existing ? You consider create another thing my beliefin an existing that tiling another non-existing thingas absurd*
But you do not consider your own? as to the non-existing thing having the
power to create
an
it possible for
already
20
absurd and stupid. Be yourm thing, self the judge, and tell me whose theoryis absurd and irrational/1
"Yours/'said he,
correct." 'Then
"is the
why
do you
not
itT accept
UI do not
creators* But
doubt
arises in my mind that the tree may be the creator of the 'hdlttoti perhaps for the 'halild is the tree/1
productof
the
"Well"
tree then?"
asked
I,
"who
made
the
same/1
our
said I,
arguments
in
a
must
round
and
round
be
God^
and
chain
own
If you
21
prefer your
of not
at arriving
once
final
upon Ii"f
more
me/* question
said lie,
springs up
Ixtlifa,
extinct?
"Yes/' he replied,
*'The tree lives about
a
hundred
death of halila, (which years after the is the creator of the tree)* you think Tell and
me
then,who
makes
provides
say that
leaves? He
Surely you
who
must
it
was
mentioned
no
tellme
to
guard!nourish and
not
the tree T
"That 1
can
saki say/"
he.
"Why
caa
you
have
no
more
doubts
lingering
in your
mind/*
he said. "Yon have some,** of proofs convincing
"I have
not
yet givenme
His existence*"
"If you absurd
mast in will stillpersist that your
theory
bo known
not know
anythingexcept
The mind
throughthe
is the
true
mind's medium*
It is the mind guide, into close which bringsall tilings the Your assertion is quite affinity*
reverse
of this*You power
lias
no
whatsoever
know
"Your
detail^
23
"Then I
some!"
one-
I said,lsYou mast
sense
or even
all the
become
very wholesome
result."
*'Your
a
very
more
me
he said," seems argument3^ it to strong one1 but explain and concisely/" distinctly I. "Do
you
asked "Alright",
know of
the death
with
hear,
but not
mother
that child,
to act
child'ssenses
power
The
any
24
he
replied.
of
then/1said I "which
the suggested
milk, and
when
with
Why
does
feed
on
and flesh"
the
able to
swim
on
the
surface
of
the
and When
die
when
thrown
the
the
same
senses!
is it possible for
water
fits greaterbene-
than
Why
do
the
die,If kept
the
In water
short
time, and
sea
fish-those of
the inhabiting
water
for
while?
these relate
theory
of their
all-powerfulness;
and
ed
the
th$t
one
should
live
on
land' and
created
other IE water-that
has
'Circumstances
If
senses
were
powerful consistently
shown
a
they would
not
seen
have
Also species.
beginsto
the
swim
thrown
into
man
it,and
who
strong and
know
to
clever
art
does not
the
of
swimming, sinks
comes
down
the
a
bottom, and
dead
all
to the
surface
body?
Now
if the
theory
the
that
thingsare
stout
known
by
use
his
senses
in
order to
save
Do
-the
sent
you
not
that the
mind,
pre* in
a
treasure
house of wisdom-is
as
in
well
as
human-child?
it is the mind
to cry for
that
suggeststhe child
birds of
the
milk, the
flesh/*
grain to
feed
on
grain,and
upon
carnivorous
to prey
"I know
the mind
can
the senses/3
"You
to
your
ment argu-
in favour
once
senses,
though
you
admitted
that
guidesthe
with
these
senses*
Very well;
in
tion connecare
Now
that
they
unable
to
know
anythingbut
can
external
things* They
the existence
in'
no
way
know
of
invisible
the
things-the
thus
a
Almighty God,
"does the Creator
Soul- For
with
giftus
mind
and
establish
they may
"observe external conditions and argue When of Him. in favour the eye
eye
in
a
saw
obvious supwithout position of motion, ro" port,their regularity neither tation, and revolution,-they
they come
in closer
ther
that
remains
and
so
get
old
decayed though
and days centuriesof successive nights Their corners have passed* or ends do
not falldown*
seven
rotation of thealso depends on planets sky. They change their places every
day,every
Some
slow
are in
month, and
very
some rapid,
efery
are none
year.
very
too
They all return to their the same placeafter performing motion fiied duties* With unswerving
none rapid, "some
of them
the the
North? and
South,
and
They
remain
duringday
appearances
certain
visible at
ntghi
Moon
of the Sun
and
In the Science of
endowed
not surely
with
thinkingpower
will Nor do
human
experienceor
that the
researches of any
being
can
produce a like phenomena* Thus to severe test and puttingeverything the mind reasons, and scrutiny coneludes that there
must
be
some
one
who
worderful
Universe^ who
In their
natural
them Earth*
from
"created
Along with the skies he has the planets and the stars*
the eye observed
the
Again
aarth mind
that
when
to be convex!
and informed
the
of its the
upholderof
must
in its
present form
it in its fixed
be
kept
from
must
retained the
The position*
mind
no
tad beeE
of these thingSg the Earth, upholder with the weight of all it possesses -such
as
mountains!trees*seas^
have
sands
etc* would
'The mind
with
created the
again the ear heard the noise and that of boisterous whirlwinds,
breezes. The pleasant eye that the former uprootedmighty saw trees*demolished strongestbuildings^ soft and
and
swept sandhills to the ground to other, anthem from one place carrying Thoogh the eye observed all
these movements,
yetit could
The could my
see
none-
who
hear
senses
them. performed
no
ear
could
of the
one*
Nor
detect His presence, The eye^ could not see the air because of its
extent; hands
because it
the
ear was
could
not
senses
not
hold
it,
and the
eye know
without nothing
It
was
was
the mind
some
One,
controlled all
the senses' cotf* When things. to the, rnind^ veyed their impressions the mind sensibly thought that the these
accord*
own
ac*
It
if it thoughtj
blew of its
on
continuously
unless resistedby
not
Again it would not have demolished and left another unmolest* one thing down one tree and not ed? and pulled
the next one-it would have blown
over
*0
one
of portion
land and
not
mind
another. concluded
one
or
wind,
He
moved
it
sent pleased*
withdrew
its currents
from
when
was
whomsoever
the mind
saw
He
liked, that
the
Again
wind
connected with
who
skles^
Likewisesenses-
and other
informed the mind of an unitedly It reflectedupon the quaking earthquakel of a mighty earth*with its mounand other great appurtenseas tains, ances, and upon the fact that the earth is one solidbody without fissures
or
one
partshakes
hand!and
a
molishing deunaffected,
one
as
not
on
concluded
one
One
who and
of portion
the other is He
the wind
81
of the and organizer designer skies and the earth and all things to them. The mind guessed pertaining
is the
impossible quite Be" for the Earth to quakeby Itself. firm it should naturally being oanse
for certainthat it was
never
was
And
if it
it should never firm, naturally ceased shaking.Because the natural condition of every thing always re* mains immutable. Thus it was proved
to the mind that He who
created and
any
the designed of it or
earth
not
shakes
another
wonderful
sign
of
God's
by His
head over-
between
Earth
and
sky*
It does not possess a body to collide with mountains* It passes through, trees without shakingor breaking their branches
or
and
thick obscures
ing, snow,
so (congested) much that the human imagination can* not fully comprehend its secrets or its wonders. It soars very high in
hail,dew
Its position*
movements
depend upon
by the will of God, Through its it sometimes rises high and influence^ descends low, not letting of course falldown of water it holds, quantity it does, it upon the Earth, When
Many a time it passing overhead covering see we without letting towns and palaces cities, down. When a dropof water fall even it has spread hundreds of miles over of land, it begins to raindrop by drop*
in showers. and sometimes in torrents
same
pours down
from
the
quantityof water. Sometimes it rains so continuously that resprvoirs^ lakes and riversoverflow, and tank"! and mountains of roads are flooded,
water
seem
that Sometimes it rains so violently the ears get deafened with its roar and thunder* With this rain, God 33
revives the
and cloathes it in green verdure/ The fodder of beasts, grass which is the
to spring begins up" After it ceases and gradii" the cloudsdisperse, raining, can become invisible none say ally
where
they
have
no
gone
sooner
to.
These
observations were
to the
conveyed
It and into
not
mind;, by the
mind
regulated by
could
cloud
water*
down
wisdoin?it perfect for the not have been possible to carry half the weight of And that if the cloud poured it could not the rain by itself,
any
have gone further from its plaee^ and it would not have raineddropby drop, but
on
the
down
all at
once
on
the
it is destituteof intelli*
all at raining
case
once
the
same
spot*
In this the
the mind
have
and the other would -Irrigated, been left dry and barren. Thus
the creator
"one
mind
concluded
that
of all these
same.
things must
Because
or
and the
more
had there
been
than
three,
there must
would
have
been
would have taken higher placesthings some planets (in contradiction to rules)would have risen prescribed set instead and some instead of setting of rising* In short the unity of design,
so
the mind
things wonders of the universe is He, from alleternity has been existing
anythingwas created. He is of the sky, the creator and upholder of the Earth, the creator and designer I have and the creator of all the things justmentioned and other things too
before
35'
numerous
to enumerate.
eye observed
each other with no days following and changein the regularity possible condition. It saw them mergingone
hours^ their regular their and darkness^ of light pecnlarities It saw shortness and length. varying unaffected by the stars and planets these successions of days and nights,
into another in
the
of approachand departure
the
And
that
givento it by Godall doubts* realized beyond Almighty, that the creator of all this perfect be one wisdom must Omnipotent^ Eternal God, It thought Omniscient,
instinctive sense
if there had existed
more
than
one
others
there would have been- disorder and tumult .Also the ears heard the
message of God
which mind.
of
as
the
to
heard
evidence
a
God
nor
the Creator
a son nor
havingneither
a
wife the
partner^ and
the mind
message
went
to
for it to
you
described"
said
he^
wonderful heard
things-Things j
tate Still I hesihave
more
had
nerer
before* you
some
to
what aecept;
said,
con"
unless you
give me
vineingproofs/*
"Well," said I,
unable yourself
with
waver
"when
or
to refute
my
and descriptions!
begin
to
in your
your you
Insha-Allah
know
nothing
Now "3nced
without
have in
the
you
mind's
ever
help. experi*
were
tell me
a
dream
which
you
and
its relishing
he,
ever
dreamt31 1 asked?
laughingor
weeping
countries you
Lad
seen
or
known?"
dreams,"
you
"Have
in your dreams
brothers that
identifiedthem
life time?51
you
did
in
the
then/'said I,
felt the
oat
"which
man
of
dead
and
that
him pointed
to the mind
it
could
him?
and
converse
with
relish the
food,
or
known
it travelled?
said,"I
which of my senses reply, (in this sleeping state)did the above things.In fact when one is asleep* he is like one dead,and in that condition,
it is
the
If
senses
to
feel,know,
see
or
tear
anything/'
'"Teilme/ asked I,"when
you
not
startled^
you
woke
from
your
sleep*Did
recollect your
dream
imbued
you
you
saw
with when
the meoiory
of what
were
those
senses
asleep?"
"None
of the
"seem
to havo
"Can
"that
you
now"
that
said I,
sees
it is
the
mind
all
these
all the senses when have ing state) ceased working?Don't you know that
_
the
iniiiilhas
been
endowed God
with
blishes esta-
reason,
by
His
means
of which
Hujjafi.
1
see
"What
in
(mirage),
ft
"which from
distance appears to be
on
approach Is
dis*
only sand."
make comparison^
do you
in your
dreams
tastes?' I
he "Because,"
querried.
"when replied^ 1
only sand,and
seen,
when
I awoke
nothingof
in dream,"
that which
1 had
"Weir
give you
have
an
exampleof
in
a
you
may
joyed en-
dream
made
the
you
of reality
"Yes, why
replied,
"Tell me," said 1, "have you ever in a dream lived with a woman familiar
or
unfamiliar?" he.
I,
derived
tite appewore
waking state,and
not
it approaches^
the
case
here The
is the
quite contrary*
dream
the
action
traces
in
to
leaves behind
proYe-
of reality aThe
sensation/7
same
of wakefuiness
argument^ when
you
admit
the mind's
(no
no
remem"
that the
mind and
not
even
with
help of
that
of wake*
fulness has
and
senses
onlywhich
senses
hend compreyou
were
all these
who
Will things?
tell
out
(when the
of
work)
has
now
that
cause
to
mind
eyes? Ba*
it was the
admit
the
woman
that
mind
the
who
and
company
not
enjoyed
even
her
were
at work
the the
knowledge
senses are
the and to deny it, when sleeping of reason are waking, A man senses
must
believe that
the
mind
is the
be
of tho ignorant
extract
fact that
hand
cannot
the
can
eye, have
any
sense
any
power
to
deal with
its part of the body without and contrivance. suggestion permission, any
God
has
to
be the
regent of the
can
body, and
or
see onlyfeel,
the
agency.
the
and vwe* advance, It is onlythroughits medium versa. work the senses They are obedient to its orders, If the mind prohibits to act, they at once them obey its
body
not
command"
sorrows
OH
which
mind
remains
share the
the fate,
ears
eyes do not
the properly,
do not understand.*
"I
you
would
Your
to appear
said I, "and 1 will more ^Listen," convince you? as to the truth firmly of what 1 have narrated, and of the
things you
"Do
a
have
seen
in your dreams/"
am
not
eloquence/5
do something,
you
not
deliver
replied,
make
any
of your
senses
the
crNo." He
replied.
I, "that done in compliance with the things mind's mature judgment, are of a high order T (Then is it not proved that
it is the
mind
that
knows
all the
and things
49
not the
senses?)
lie said,"But please "I think so/s I am now go on with,your arguments* anxious to throw offdoubts and accept
much
the
are
better" said I.
any astronomers
if there
in your natife
place?"
seem
to be
ed acquaint-
extent
of astronomical
nation to
surpass
us
in
this
science.11 particular
I, "how this knowledge of they acquired not canastronomy,for this knowledge be acquired throughthe medium of the senseSj but through profound thoughtand deep reflection?"
"itis true: Some "Yes,"he replied!
wise and
learned
such
tables of
after generation
eessiye order have followed.When is made, the movements inquiry of the Sun, Moon the positions
stars
are
and and
of the visible
are
and ill-omened,
are picious, aus-
which
of the invisibleones
They
are
so
well versed in
err IE 'theyrarely their calculations. People take their children to these astrologers? and they of the from the movements calculating and incidents events planets, predict
occurred
or
to
occur
rtWhat
the
I concern,"
of the
asked? "hare
the movements
planet's
so?
movement
not
the
would make mistakes* They astrologers "calculate the movement-day!month and year-in which the child is bor%
and
are
correct
in their conclusions/*
"If this be
reallytrue,"said I,
a
"you
have
described
none
science
can
so
that wonderful,
other
more
be
comparedto it,or
respect;for the
accidents of
to death
a
be
worthy of
the
incidents and
Do
45
you
lifefrom birth person's its means* are known through think the knowledge of this
science Is
every
an
innate one,
bom
with
person?"
not
think it
*Then, let
how this
let
us
us
knowledgewas
see
acquired* acquireit,
And
that
if it be correct to say
all
peoplecannot
of the
thoughall are
th" movements
readyto master the few peoplelearn and how did science* But the question is^ the they learn or master it-specially which declares one star toknowledge
siprs,I
am
be ill-omened and
the
other
to
b"
How have theyfixed theauspicious? the slow or hour and degrees, time, of the planets and movements rapid the stars, their exact position over or below the Earth ; and their predictions, which you mention? How have they them? I cannot believe that gathered this any of the creatures inhabiting to penetrate so advanced as are globe and invisible the secrets of the visible Universe."
46-
"You
may
not
said believe/'
so,
lie,
am
"|Bot that
bom
with the movements of conjunction the stars and planetsl the wise man (Hakim) who first discovered the science of
astronomy must
have been
course/1he
race/'
"he exclaimed!
of category
be included in the
the human
*4Then does not your reason guide and you to the fact that these planets stars existed before the birth of that
wise inan5 the
born in
I; "how
could the
wise inventor of the science leara the the stars without method of calculating 47
master
to teach him?
a
If you
my
that he had
most
of the stars.
indeed must
l*"
He, who
which
art* you say the events of a lif" and from which the future of based^ a
new
science-must have
follower and
and had had existed before the Htarn, created him-the wise man-in junction conwith the of them* Then He who
e!
was
of the
He
who
lived and
the tho
the creator of
the
to be ten
must
he Earth?
have had
m
observationof the
now.
head
now-whero
lay the
whilst we
he
48
power
to go
nearer more
to
firmament^ and
tfee secrets
high closelystudy
position
of them
this very
and
movement;
Sun
the eclipse
are
and
with
the
Moon; which
birth of
consistent
.the
ill-omened and children;which are auspicious^ rapidor slow? and many other
such as the length of things, time they are concealed under the Earth, and the exact hours of their
How disappearance? chances it that a human beinghas so heavenly^ great a knowledgeof things since deep reflection cannot giveit to appearance and
senses
cannot the
reach
so
did he invent
method
the
of calculation by which
movement
is known and
of the SUE
Moons and
knowledge-which among the seven is auspicious or ilk"mened; planets of these luminaries* the exact position and correct judgment as to which one? How a or was setting rising
the could he-on the surface of the Earth. which
see was
-studythat
How
are
in the heavens?
which
could he made
those stars
that h" ing luster?If you suggest mind still flew up to the skiesl my
misgives me,
not master
for the
one
even
science without
cannot
when teacher;
master then
can
lie
of hearing
wise
"I would he
not
"from said,
any source/"
"I agree with you there;'1 1 said^ ttbut let us presuppose the fact of the wise man's
to climb ability
ease we
up to the
to
shall have
performedincredible visited journey^ e?ery star and planet, with them as staying they set or
rose
tillhe had
of the
thirty years
have stayed with necessarily for the prescribed ever periodhowlong it may have been in order to fully collect all information* Let all this for granted us that also, lie not only ascended to the skiesj, but lie travelled in and
every company with
he must
with fullyacquainted
until he complete
stars
studied those
under
the
same
take the
movements
cannot
and to
To of knowledge* point
know
the
ever
as
wise
more
man
to
do
one
than
in havo differed
Now calculations*
SI
does really
it.
not strike yon that It is hold the idea of a who can "who dived down the seas, and into the
only
you
man.,
darkness of the
to the clinging alongthe skies, the and acquiring and the planets and knowledgeof their movement the the same to stars under doing
Earth?* *I do
not
"the
that opinion
any
ascend the
of the
skiesj or dive
seas?
or
to the bottom
the penetrate
interior of
opinion"
the
aaid wise
I, "tell me
man
(whom
nomy?
came
How
could he
completehis
tioa of the stars he knew allabout r "In face of your arguments"lie rtit does not seem said, prudentor
wise to
say
that
a
invented
by
of being
onlybe
the ins
as
known and
to outs
one
with cognizant
as
of
well do
Earth?"
'-If I admit
of
Iaskedf
Astro*
birth of
movements
of the stars?" he
"Yos"
HO, and
told yon
also 1 have
a
doubt of this,
to there being
but
a
r have
doubt
creator/1
"That said doubt willbe removed/7
not said that
no
I; "have you
can
human
scale up to the skies,or travel in company with the movements of tho Sun, moDn, Wont
or
and
Stars-East?
in any
said.
you
beyond admitting
SS
that It
was
heavenlyteacher
who
lie,"that
no am
taught
this
sciencesI
absurd; and If 1 say It was an earthly tional Irrait would be an equally teacher,
for statement,
ever
by
no
himself
human
of heaven
above?or
of hell beneath;
for
human
to pry into
inward
of senses, and
senses
can
it is obvious
have
DO
hand
here,
movements, only perceive ledge nothing beyondthat. Tho knowand calculation of the movements,
and slow, rapid
of the
and disappearing
are
wish to
ft*
choose
an
beingor earthly
your teacher?"
a
heavenly
being as
being,* heavenly Itfireplied; "because the stars hang in his region, where earthly beingcannot
reach/7
"Alright. Now 1 hope you will to profound and j^ive yourself thought,
dear
up
all doubts
from
your
mind*"
movements
or
sinister
reason
that
peopleof
HO"?
the
earth. Don't
you
think
then,"said I, "your
to
man
ment stateon
having
existed
oarth,has been
You your"olf.
the least
eamo
contradicted
by
you
have
admitted without
race
stars,
and
race,
if the stars
earth
the human pre-existed follows that the it necessarily the human also pre-existed
race/1
"If the
carpet
to walk
did not
have
It is not
they do
not
entertain doubts
ence
as as
to the
pre*eiist"
the stars?"
am
of the earth
well
as
fully
of both/' pre-existence
to your
store
of
previousarguments/' lie
sufficientto
remove
my
56,
said I, suppose," "that it in In the sky, the Sun, Mooa and stars performtheir duties/1 "Ye" 1 do* he
you
"You
know
replied.
call It the basis
"Would
and
not
foundation of luminaries?"
my
which
connected
race
with
were
the birth
of
the
human
becauseskies,
it is in the nkies
and
said he* HO clearly," proved could deny "that only an insane man it. The sky in the foundation of the and luminarit'H, undoubtedlypreminted haul
and
perform
their dutioH."
to of the stars^according
whcwe
ntovomonts, to bo
human
same as
beingsare
He,
who
bom,
57
tho
the
earth,for
bo
no
see
as
further He Who
"that
for the heavenly bodies uro perish; directly necessary for those upon
the
earth there
to
live?
For
instance,
had
could
air would
be nullifiedand
thin every-
would die,"
said he, "I would
witness
to the wisdom
bear
of
God, who
you
made
all these
for things,
havo
overthrown completely my doubts. 1 must hold your theory that the teacher of the science of
and Astronomy,
the
be
an
inhabitant of
58
this
IB
to
which the
must
powerful enough
earth.
to
pxy
beneath
tho
It is
beyondmy
all the same, as to how comprehension human lias mastered this a beinjf science and broughtit to its present state of uuifonnity, the logic of which
no
ono
denies*
if I had
riot known
tlie
of the j/riwtiples
science I would
httvn from
called the
article
it clear to
you/"said
science of
I, by the
*
mcariH
in
your
hand, and
iorefathera and
tho
professioa
This
is now
will compare to the heavenlyobjects and their science. Bat da you promise
not
but
replied*
'"Please go on/"
59
"Has
a
been
in its*
time
senseless
as
this
HalilaT
"Why
must
was
not?'1 lie
a
"Then* replied,
none
have been
time, when
with acquainted
medical science
and its
acquired1*
*How?
totally
did
then
time."
the
"
idea of
exporithem into
I asked. menting?"
W hat made
made thing
body,when the external form of wmu" of these thingsappear hurtful, and some placedon the tongue arc so and uneasiness '{ bitter as to cause pain And how came gation they to tho investiof such medicinal plantsthat and unknown, not were totally
60
recognized by
demand
an
their
senses,
for to
unknown
led "Experience
to
the
gation," investi-
me
who
used, when
others grow far west and some far east? Do you not sensibly feel that the person who who
did so,
was
one
inhabited the
grew ?J
"Yes/
man
he
"and said;
what
wise
he was,
man
other
"If yon wish to abide by your to the to me, and give justice promise
truth, tell
inventor
cam"
me
how
to know
that
man-tke
Let us suppose "every medicinal plant? all with he got himself acquainted
the medicinal
even
in plants
his
or village,
the whole
of Persia; but
can
'61
you
worldf and
tasted every
their
himself?
with the
was
helpof
able to
fully acquainthimself with the plants growing in Persia alone,studying that his those plants with his senses did not recognize; senses notingtheir
wise persons that he
non-
Grant
the
them
of botany
to know
was
that such
Eome$musk
cinnamon
^
from
different
and
mixed
a
make poundedtogether
particular
medicine! How
could
they know
hey
so
to know
articlesare
the
other-of
roots alone are plants used, of others the fruit, shell, essence
or
juice, gum
and ally,
oil-someare
used intern-
in externally; again, different countries theyhold different the people of different countries names; not always to each other^ are friendly and manners they vary in opinions*
others
modes
of
life; one
nation the
desires to
over predominate
other, they and try to slaughterand pillage it is not always another; one imprison strangerto carry on ? How was that knowledge investigation
a
easy
for
Can gained?
who every
you
of the
world?
able to-
travelled
the medicines from east investigate and safely^ to west quitefearlessly did not and, that he never fellsick,
found misdirected; never was mistakes^ remembered all lie all the countries, remained always happy, and learnt!
finishedall his researches with
to the
regard
and nature and effects origin differences all of what he sough t-despite That and names? of colour, quality of each and he got correct description smell and taste^ "every tree,its origin^
its you
.as
fruits? Can
think really
one
the
such enterprise
individual may
undertake and
each, you considerthat "and every medicine has at least twenty differentnatures ? Is it not impossible
when .accomplish, that he learnt the science of medicine* the secrets of the trees that demand
did he
come
by
a
for medicine*
the innate
the
senses
do
not
hold
ideas? How
from another? If you say that he did so by inquiry, and converse with the
came
he to
about How
the
came
to him?
mind
that he must
a
tions of
ask
could he arrive at
social and clusion^ so despite many and the difference political barriers* of languages? Even these granting whence came the knowledge things, of advantages and disadvantages of medicine? Why this effected a cure^ and this an injury-their their nature,
sweet
softness
of
one
I say by pondering, it is impossible; because these things are beyond the scope of the senses cannot and be comprehended by If you
thought You cannot say either it was by personaltest; for had he he made experiments upon himself have died from some must poisonous
effectsthat he had not before known.
And
if you of
people, mastered
their
some killing
here and
some
there^ yet
know
the
stillit
exact
was
to impossible
nature
of
one
medicine without
And is it possible killing many people. would allow him to that these people them continue his experiments upon
to take
more some
us
say
that
by
miracle
they
listened
said?and tolerated his Well, where did deadlyexperiments* and time for he get the opportunity and know* mixing the various things,
to what
he
How did weights? ing the respective lie learn the proportion necessary to
mix
one
with
another?
Never
mind*
also
came
the
overdose would
admi" would
an
underdose
good
effect?Grantingagain
allthis* acquiring travelled in all parts of the world, and had the necessary longlifeto do the knowledge so? how did he acquire of those things not belonging to the world? You are vegetable perhaps
aware
that he succeeded in
that
some
of
the
medicines
66
unless mixed
with of
the
certain
ineffiea*
clous and not pure. As such is the of investigation must ease, his mode be
similar to the
one
to relating
the
world* vegetable
but alternative,
to
He
has
no
other
and
and let
the birds investigate beasts of the world, slay them examine their gall bladders. Well him have finished his investigations
with the
birds and
beasts
now
of the
this
animals of the
jiatore it
was
To
know
their
to
just as
seas
necessary
into the
and
gate investi-
it also, as
was
necessary
world*
not
know
cannot
deny the
sea
he must
them know thoroughly dive in the sea, and necessarily in that element. Tell you
me
study them
now can
reasonably say that known throughexthese things were and experiment?1 perlence
67
"I
am
at completely
loss to
ho reply/"
said
more/" something
you of
will convince
are
You
probably aware
roots
can*
unless mixed
not
with aromatic
form
a
*
prescription/'
he said,
"Yes
"Tell
the exact
a
he
ftted
medicine to such
a
As nicety?
physician you
well
that
a
know probably
you
only
too
two
compound prescription^
less tillthe
few
'miskals9 sometimes
more,
prescription reaches a satisfactory point When a dose of a particular medi* particular cine is gi?en to a patient suffering
from it diarrohcea,
same cures
sometimes
him
of
it,
yet the
when
medicine la
a
givenin
case
of cholie
quitean opposite and set up effect, How the physician purging. cams by
the
knowledge of
the
effects of
medicines? How
medicine would
not
that head
one
and
the
rise^
given for
near
the lower
though the
and could
In the
same
head is be
more
the
mouth,
vessels
used
for
its
different
parts of
and
the
body* First
thence
stomach
by
distributed
to the
How
discover that
reach the
etc
or
or hands,legs,loins,
abdomen
vice
versa
Was
it
his
senses
to have
knowh, all these things? Why do medicines administered for one part
effect on the no body produce did his senses other, parts?How of the
know that
a
eyes?Why
do-
cure
diseases in
different
parts?
or
And
how
senses! reason
discernment to know
the
as
concealed of all tfaos"parts plaees tion-blood they are from external contemplavessels
are
hidden
in
the
medicines themselves
reach?
cannot
The detect
by
them/'
you
known already
hold the
who
invented
say,"said IIP, "was to me, but we cians physithat the person opiniong the science, performed
the cured of his
the
not
disease^
and places
"Do
know", I asked,"that
circulate internally throughoutthe body* up with
blood
and become
mixed
it?"
he replied, it,"
blood
thickens?'9
70
"Yes
It
he replied, does",
did the
the
when medicine*
clotted In the
was
trace state
r"I am said,
wit's end
now," lie
the
were people
the beneficialeffectsof
tigated inves-
locations? How
and mix them they to analyze ascertain their respective together, and discover the need of gall weights, bladders and T "cines "You
with such have
stones
In certain
medi-
discussed the
subject
said he, "that perfection/1 I have neither the imagination nor thoughtnor wit to find a way of As answering properly your question* these prescriptions have not Invented have been themselves^ they must Invented by some else,and that one else must have acquireda one some
71
of the natures thorough knowledge of the items he has and qualities in such order* Will you kindly placed how the people to ma were explain
able to
were
know
those medicines
that
how
beneficial to
health,and
"Since you
to
wish
said I, al you/5
to
learn easily
who who
carry
through it
to
its affected
parts,"
"If yon will do so"
he
said,"I
shall be very
gladindeed/'
Do
the
owner
would
know
every tree
to bear
and fruits,
all smallest
the
time mean-
there,and desired the owner to bring you certain fruits and vegetable pods.The owner
go
went
case
happenedto
to do
sure
so.
Were
that he would
straight
where the desired place, fruitsand pods perfectly grew, knowing well where theywere,-in a near or a distant partof the garden ? You knew he would not time puzzling waste
oTer
to
the exact
their whereabouts/1
"Yes/1
he
said;"he
would
doubtedly un-
places easily/1
going himself asked you to go into the garden,and pluck the desired for yourself, could you have things for them without looking gone straight here and there 3" earnestly
ftl could not
have
done the
so," he
proper
said, "without
knowing
places".
said I, "you "Supposing," these
78
reached
after places
some
considerabel
each and
out
every
found
the
desired
but If you failed to detect that tree, you would be forced to return
empty-handed/'
"I don't
see
how
of
tree?of whose
mind
tellsyou
that he
who
tends ex-
west, and
north wise
have
taughtthat
to
whom
you
considered
have
not
understand easily
that
the
wherein shown
they could
to the wise must
be
man
found,
were
by Him?
as
and
that He
in
as
have been
well versed
world vegetable
owner
of that
garden1
you)*
It is reasonable to say that He, who the exact whereabouts of the taught
74
tree that grew in the garden^ was who planted them; and He
He?
who
taughttheir advantages! disadvantages and weights and was also that Selfsame person."
said he? |eseems reasoning/1
to be flawless/5
of
body
of
man/*"
I, "%ith
its nerves^
throughwhich
course
from head
same
to
foot
were
not
the
known
and made
those
known
trees
to
man
the
existence of
their
and
herbs^
their
man?
Would
that
such
medicines
such
effect on
certain
nerve
things are
medium of of them
not
senses.
known
the through
man
So if
be*
is
aware
it must
75
of Him? who throughthe teaching of the worldj for created the garden He alone could know the effects and created.1"
It not follow
nature
of that which He
the
animal
"creators, one
their
for human
bsiogsand
and the other for the ailments, world*the firstwould have vegetable of medicines and the knowledge diseases they cure, and the other would have no knowledge of similarly the plants and trees by which medicines
no are
creator of
world ?egetable
be
and the same, it would be easy for him to know the medicine for the
disease. He particular
aware
would
be
fully
the
cure
Its exact
weight and
effect
on
it would body-whether
to the
effect a
other
feet or brain,
some
part
of the human
le
For having body. ed creatboth the medicine and the body is cognizant of the scienceof both.'1 76
are were
different creators*
of ignorant
would
have been
the
aThen/Jsaid 1, aHe
who
taught
the wise man, whom you consider to be the inventor of this science^ and established
it,is the
creator
of the
garden of the world* He created the human body. He informed the wise man (who was a prophet probably like Lukaman or Daud) the nature of all plants and trees^ their locations and surroundingst attributes such as leaves and veins^ oily substances* He taught branches,bark and fruits,,
Mm the
use
and
nature
of medicine
and the
weightto
be used* He
made
also necessary to medicine. If the creator of birds and beasts had been -differentfrom
man
he,
who
created the
and
never
the
have known
mixed 77
which
of
not; but
as
He
was
the creator
all,He
knew
knowledge prophet,
came
imparted
this is Iww
to
the
the
wise
wise
and the dis* advantages to of medicines belonging advantages the vegetableand animal kingdom. know
the In
no
other way
been
Apostle
say
is
quiterightf
all eloquence and
so
said
^Before
the
your
senses
of reasoning
called
admitted
us
so
go
step-
senses
reason
advisable world's
for Him
garden,and
for thescatter
created
animal
world
racel to
thingsin
other He
the land
than
belonging
himself?
not
person
If He
did
so,
could
have
carried any experimentof any sort except by the upon His belongings
Don't other's permission* sof "The earth "Yes/' he replied. which, this
on
you
think
must garden is planted, have also been created by Him who created the garden^ trees and plants,
animals."
"You think the
earth
to belongs
Him," said I,
connection with
that
"because
of its close
belongto
Him?'
"Yes,"he
"Are you
a
said.
not
also aware,"asked
I, "that
to be eieations,
kept in
health must
refreshed with
bo
"Will you
creator of is in is it,
the creator
of water;
that garden
lie created
of
depends upon
the
pleasure
He* who created the water, who when he chooses?'* Its supply may stop
"It is
he replied^ "to Impossible/'
believe in the
existence of two
cre"
atoiSj one
for the
one
for the I
am
garden and
sure
one
water*
there
is
creator
same are
for the
both, and it is
mountains
the
who the
created the
sources
which
and
had
of
wittered
who
created the
the
water
garden
first*
have
created
needed to keep the knowing it was in tne best condition,* garden "If there
were
no
store of water"
of emergency*
think it would
you may
have ha?e
for destroyed!
that it has
throughwant
"I am woader" "Yes/5he replied, ing now if there is any need of any
one
to manage
these
The things.
law
80
of nature
aver
may
be, that
water
must
"You
but for
water
haye the
and
its store of
the
dry
and barren/1
he "Yes/1
ocean
beingthe earth;and
a
creator
as
He
is
of the
that the
ocean
really
their
reservoir held in
streams
reserve
into which
the
and
rivers pour
for time
superfluous energy
And
that in the many
of need. has
ated cre-
ocean
He
"Convince
*fas you
to other
of
have done
alreadywith things/'
aware
that allsurplus-
he replied. c"Yes/'
"Have
you
ever
known
its quantity
famine?" I asked*
ne ft'Xo;3 replied*
"Does not your reason say/'said who created the I, |Cthat the God
was garden
He He
who
and that
latter? The
favour of my
those
proof which
argument Is that,were
like
sea,
waves strained re-
groat mountains
arise out of the from
a passing
which
not
certain
limit,
the
they would
whole
have
overwhelmed
gardenof the world. We see that their furyand passion, despite which reaching, there is a fixed limit, become spent/' their furyand passion
quite The wonder of the phenomena right. makes your arguments very strong."
are
"Yes," he
said,"you
on
the
matter/"
nection conone
said
I, "and
convince you
of the
of the differentcreations
with another-a connection which must that the Universe is prove to you the work of one omnipotent, ent, omnisci-
and be
aware
by rivers or streams. That trees and plants vegetables! many water growingin forest are supplied by the rains which failfrom the sky^
and all the wild these
water
watered
beasts who
on
inhabit
rain for
spots,depend
also/'
the
not
be the
come
by
of
to to
pointoat things,
you
that
rein the-
clouds carry water to those places devoid of rivers and streams ? If these clouds
than
were
creation of who
some
other
garden^ that other might have stoppedsupplying water at any time, and the of the gaidenmust have been owner in perpetual anxieties as to the w$l" fare of his garden."
he said, right;" 4llhere is a perfect connection with each and everything of the world. It
are
Heg
created the
"You
indeed
would
creator the
be
absurd
to
say
that
the and
of the
store of water
83
not the
same
as
the
creator must
sky and
the clouds* He
Ms
to water
at garden,
necessary moments
lest His
garden
die* I wish you to discuss a little that I may clear my brain of further, doubt and be thoroughly any lingering convinced of the truth.1*
pleasure, 1 will con?5nce you that the things created by somo "ofthis world are
wise
creator.
God's f*Inskar-Allalr"wiib.
will convince
you
throughthis
and garden al
can
-connection with
the skies/9
"that you can remoye the medium "through "I will from the
of creation, the atoms stability -and ingredients, that go to make fect per-
and development^
from
this
kalila'sfirstconnection with its roots -and branches prove the has thing
on
OHO dependence
and another,
the close
SlYou must
the "oZt7a
know/1 said I,
the
root
"that
springsfrom
to
one
earth^
that
fibers run
strong
and twigs,
flings up
and
are
branches*
the
the branches
twigs
from
studded with
which
all these
to shelter the
the
heat"
"No he
doubt
its
perfeethe place
leaves,
its roots
me
and
witnesses with
"one
that He creator;
partner harmony
and
in
with
another,"
"If I further pro?" to you/' said of these I, "the wisdom and necessity and the dependence of each creations,
on
the other
God?"
"5
do
so/"
"Listen to me/; 1
know
said ^Do
you
dependent on
on
cold, the
the
and the
cold
on
weather,the
on on
weather
clouds^the
on
clouds
season,
the
the
the
season
the movements
and
and
and the
sky
the
on
heaven
and
earth?
connection
themselves
wisdom and
so can
proofs of
skill of close to
be
the wonderful
God.
each
Their connection is
other that not
e?en one
dis"
a
pensedwith^
moment
(if)
out
one
for
became
of
whole
be
creation-earth and
destroyed/'
tf|
What
missed
so
men*
a
intimate
"What
"It is eel" He
creation Is thatf
man
I asked
you
replied.
fid with
these
God
has
created
all
thingsfor
you
"Can
He
"Why
of man."
I said^ sky,"
it
"overhead
been
roof
for him-had
to
lower
just up
his
lie would
have
suffered. The
to
would
have
scorched him
created
as
The stars He
when
or
he
travelled at
serve
to guides night by
land,others
him
for
nomical astro-
know
everything*
They
are
witnesses living
of
who such
taught
science
man
science.
For
could
be known and
the medium
most
of senses!
through untaught
unknown:-
hare
alwaysremained
and Mighty Magnificent (Aziz) (JaUbdf) one ! how marvellous are has He these creations of yours!" and the created for lamps the Sun lustrous Moon" They float in the sky He lights with marvellous rapidity.
them and
If0h !
On
calculations of the
for
and
benefit*
He
works
duringday, and rests at; night.Had the days and nightsremained in one condition-the day never to becomet, nor the night to become day,. nigh the people could not have made headway
in
the
most
wise
and
created the
for
work^
and
the dark
rest and
repose. cold-two
He
heat
necessary. If there had been all heat or cold, nothingcould have lived.
The
garden would perish with the for all these things beingsin it, are
connected with the air that floats in
the space. The
coldness checks
the
sive exces-
effects of
besides actively bocly? assisting in its developmentwhen the body is produced gets dried^moisture by the heat absorbs the it;when moist^
the
moisture.
In
the
or
same
way
the
clouds
absorb
rain iu
they
to the
need
sends
by
the
of Adam-the
or
carpet on
which
they walk,
cradle wherin
they sleep,God has keptthe world uprightfor him-the mountains are and from the mountains the weights,
the rivers flow to without earth the
89
water
the
worldthe
these
must
streams
of water
have
a
remained
poor
dry and
people in
condition. He
over
which
men
creatures man,
and
self. himwhole
ornaments
by
which
he adorns of the
The world
combination
and the
of the
whole.
For
nowhere
exists
the contrast
that must
ease
and difference of
opinion
the lias
ia necessarily arise,
creator.
of another
The
sky
are
thingsfor produced
die earth
likewise.
gardens,fruits and pastures devised for man's use and skilfully The beasts also, from which pleasure.
"rreen man
gets wool
to
manufacture
into other
to clothing,
rids
and
many
purposes
are
created
by God
his
must two
for him.
They
and
are
necessary for
upkeep
bear in distinct One
of
You well-being.
that
mind
there
are
world. of
production.
One
eaten
is made both
to
90
who
constructed
the
the
correct
human
body
also knows He
food for it
that asks the gave the appetite that digests! food,the stomach and
tissues
the supplies
the blood* He
and
replenishes
tines intesand effete
arrangedthose
waste
through which
matter
man
of his
the
food.He
that appetite
the
food
would the
creation
to
creature
allow his
eaten/1
he by your eloquence/' "made me declare said, unhesitatingly that the creator of all the things is is the only and the same. on" wine* merciful! omnidue"
"*You have
"potent I praise
omniscient and
God,
glorify But I have doubt with regard Him* Are to one the deadly poisons thing. the creations and injure that kill man created by Him?11
lfls it not clear to "that
91
I clWell,
don's understand"
lie
is His own.5*
"h.alilo? and
harmful Do
you
and prove explain that such thingsseemingly to man not in reality are so* know of any plants perfect*
to man?1 I asked*
ly harmless
"Yes"
he
replied*
they?'
men
"What
are
eat
dailyfor
"Do
and body*
various
ailments,
leprosysconsumption or
?* jaundice
"Yes,"he
"Then back
was
said.
a reply^
your
short time
incorrect/5
he said, "Yes,indeed/'
92
"Do
you
know
of
roots
of
no"
"Yes/'lie replied*
11
What
are
they?' 1 asked.
unfilled space
not
as
replyare text)
"Bat
with
"cure
found
original
do you not
know,that mixed
other
you
me an
know
name
this* Can
a
you
tell
as
of
antidote to
"Has
I asked*
not
such *Tiryak*
effect?9*
he replied, "Yes/5 "Tiryakis the king of all medicines. It is sought of snake bite, for in cases stingof a wasp or an ant,or when poisonhas been taken internally/'
"Do
you
not
internal
93
administ ration ,
and
this
snakes T
wrong
an
ain
again,
not prove
,
efficacious
antidote to
you
mention/3 "Then
there is -nothing really
at
the
first
said I.
declare!'Ld-i-Mhd,i!~
mh~daIm4d-$kanJc-a~Miu lalldh,
is
no
(There
no
God
but
one
that testimony He has created all the (seemingly) well as the good* as injurious things The heavenly the clouds and bodies* wind He regulates. The diseases and
and partner),
medicines
knows and
are
all
from
Him.
He
man's
remedies.
same
in the
way.
has made
that stars,
There
is
calculate man's
God. Tell
94
now,
of something
call Him
'AvwE
Him,
Why
ommiscient and'
rand?" because He
of
"He from
is 'Amd" kind
as
isfree
every
softness
etc.
no
He
He
onto
has
end
There is
no
one
like
him,
with
lie 1ms
the
created
help of no one. (He lias cieated absolutely from nothing; matter His 'amrofno was required and the Universe (command) passed, He created without in existence.) was
the
least trouble
DO
or
reflectionof mind.
lie need
to 'kayfiyat-(eondition)
are
by
Him.
We
no
call
Him
beginning.
has
none
He
to
is from
all eternity. He
nor
any
self-
any
equalin
is not
of
His
to the
attributes. He
is 95
the senses senses~(for He only detect created things). known only by His creation-the
wonderful
is
whose existence phenomenon, He a bespeaks great wisdom. God? the most holy and exalted-
the 'Qaoi'9
We
call Him
because He *Qavi\
and
has
created
with
and
men,
sands^moving
clouds of beasts? and
stars.
The
of majesty
the wonders
of His great. These mementoes guide us to^maarafat?mightiness of His self. We do not koowledge call Him of the power because, 'Qavi', of the created He
In things.
no
way
does
compare
their
their other
most
for things, attributes diminish or increase, is dependent "/n some power for existence, and God thing the
with created
exalted and
selfomnipotent,
no
likeness
96
to
We
'^[sim'-the sreafr-and
o
to any *7fo"ir-mighty-incomparable
call a tree earthlygreatness. We and we call a wrestler strong, great, But this gives idea of God's us no and strength/1 greatness "How
is it?9 he in
calls Himself
He
of
cQuran'
knows?'
lf
Samia
"-one
hears~-|
who
*"anr"-who
sees-and "Almn-ouQ
that
from nothing
any
act
nor
is hidden -neither
thought
is (Samf
He
is
over
'Basir\for His
the Universe*
observation extends
He for
whispersof heard by Him. He are every man hears the secrets of every whisper,three persons whisper to~getherf 110
but He is the
the
fourth
among
them,
and
but
so
no
four persons
talk
to"gether?
them, and
an
He
on.
He
ant
walkingon
of noisless birds
Nothing
97
escapes
risibleor
are things
felt invisible,
in His
or
unfeHy-all
is that He earth
knowledge.He
the
we
*Samia\
not
with
ears as
idea
hears with
of the
ears
nor
do5 for He
Ho
to
has neither
Him, whether
deepin
skies,,
had
the
ground
it be
or near
beyond
or
the He
whether
far.
of knowledge
came
they
into existence. He
is 'Alim'*
Bat
as
His
man
is knowledge
not
acquired
He
is
His attributes
His
essence*
exempt
pure and
from
all human
attributes,
attributes
not
undefiled* These
give
is
idea earthly
of God,
He
and pure* far above His creations, holy and His names are holy too,5' "*You have made
to
it
clear perfectly
want
you
to
that I may
I wish to
so
all
that 1 may at once confound or refute atheists and their scepticism, and
98
moreover
are
seekingthe truth, and solidify the ground on which true believersstand. I am Why Is He called 'iafo/-6ne?
aware
because
He
has
created fine
But I should like (to have) tilings* further explanation of this", a *fl!e is
^fi/Y'
His
said I, "because
to
so
everythingof
by unperceived
fineness and minutest
a
the
smallest
as
sometimes creation,
small
to be
the human
eyes? shows
goator
are
as
to sex, condition
observes that
these
certain
carnal reasoning power, have desires, and fear of death and theylove passionsj their their joung ones and recognize when their minuteness; friends, despite .other creatures see inhabiting we different places~skies? seas, forests or
houses-all with
in wonder
the above
attributes^.
call Him
and
worshipwe
we
'-the 'Latif
creations,as
because
call Him
*Qavi,
He
created
powerfuland
strong things/5
99
"What
is very
comes
you
have
to explained
me
he clear/1 it
to
call
himself
by
to applicable
God?'*
j, the most holyand it, Han calls high has not prohibited and calls God certain thingone, a
"Because Go
"one
also* He
calls one
man
'Sdnea~
the
same;
eaid
are
different meaningsare vastly to God" When a thiog applied to be one5 it suggests that there like it. But
it is when
more
God
is
called onef
never
was or
will be may be
another
aware
like unto
Him.
are
You
that
when
sense
is not
one,
he is
unlike
And sinews, has hairs and nails, ness darkand whiteness^ and all creation
Is like
person
is
100
"one
onlyin
or
name sense*
and
not
ia really
structure
"one8
Is
Is
He
holds the
names
Alim
wonder*
not His
bespeak
not
is-His
attributes are
but
in addition to
His-self
He
is
"Explainto me/1
He
has called Himself
he
said* "why
'Raliim*
"Rauf
what
is meant
by His
'Gaasab'-
or
consent-and
displeasure-r
stinct In-
prompts us
the
to
kindness
of God mercy is the very kindness and reward stowed beMan's mercy holds on man*
two
But gifts.
in
more
substantial form
for the time
as
cating extrihis
him
101
from
him with food say-supplying or ly clothings. Peoplespeak very highand pointcut this charity as most commendable* The action of charity was by the instinctof mercy produced
in the human
is also the
us*
mercy
from originating
When has been one example:the pangs rescued by another from fierce of hunger,or the fangs of some at once feel the mercy of we animal, For It is true that He
same
God.
is merciful,,
as
way
man
is
merciful. The
mercy
though God
has when
no man
put
it in
man*
heart like
Again *gazab!
and changes,
the
one
he who
inflicts
punishment on
roused
his anger. But God suffersno The word is used 'gazab' senses-that
one
changes.
in
two
heart is not
same
the the
razd
*
*R"za
JaKi
-glorious-,
none
sis
-magnificent
,
and there is
like unto
him."
102
to me His intention "Now, explain he said, and will," c%hy is lie called
'Murid!
(willing)?5
action,"said I,
"is the
"Man's
pre-conceived
The intention of God is the thought. of the deed without accomplishment Hi" p re-meditation or thought. At is already 'Amra'-cornmand the thing without trouble or care at perfection, His part," on "You
he have
said,"in
me/*
argumentsare
any who
person of
common
To
God*
and right path, from falling into sin,or us prevents daringto compare Him, or doubt His
guidesus
to the
without great,
rival He
or partner.* equal
PEA0E
OTTO
TEEM
WHO
FOLLOW
THE
TBUTH,
103