CHAPTER II RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter comprises of different literatures and studies which has relation

to the proponents project device. Related Literature According to Liptak B. (1995), Instrument Engineers Hanbook Volume No. 1: Process Measurement and Analysis. On - Off Oil on Water Detector. The Nephelometer is intended to detect visible oil slicks that are floating on fresh or salt water. It consists of two parts: a sensing head and a controller. The sensing head is inside an explosion proof housing, which is supported on pontoons or floats in the body of water. An S-shaped baffle directs the flowing of water past the sensing head. A beam of light is focused through a lens onto the surface of the water. A second lens refocuses the reflected light onto a photocell. When there is no oil on the water, only a minimum amount of reflection occurs. When floating oil is present, the reflected light intensity increase substantially. According to Durgran P. and Young T. (1993), Leak detection for underground storage tanks. The general evaluation approach for internal methods requires using the method to conduct a large number of tests of non leaking tanks, some of them with simulated leaks. In most cases these test are conducted on just one or two tanks at an evaluation facility. The test conditions are selected to subjected to subject system to typical interfering factors (noise).

The differences between the actual tank condition and that measured by the leak detection method form the basis for the evaluation. Related Studies According to Al-Harbi K. (2012) on his invention Dual Mode Water Leak Detector, Patent No. US20120312077 A1. A dual mode water leak detector is combined with a HIVAR air condition system or unit. The air conditioning unit or system uses chilled water for cooling or hot water or electric coils for heating and employs means for supplying heated or cooled air into a floor void and channeling return air to designated vents under the floor or through a false ceiling. The figure shows the circuit diagram of a leak detector as used in the combination in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 1. Circuit diagram of a Leak Detector Source: https://www.google.com/patents/US20120312077?dq=water+leak+detector&hl=e n&sa=X&ei=sXbvUpeNGcutlQXGtIG4CQ&ved=0CHEQ6AEwCA In addition a water sensor includes an enclosed housing having a bottom or base and four electrical contacts extending through the base and positioned

above the floor by about 2 mm by four rubber spacers or feet. In addition a first circuit connects a first and a second contact separated from one another by airspace to a pair of banana clips for turning the HIVAR system off when water between the first and second contacts is completed due to the presence of water. A second circuit includes a switch and a 60K OHM resistor connecting that circuit to a first of the contacts and second of the contacts when the switch is in a closed position. According to Maruta Y. and Ootatsume K. (2013) on their invention Water - leakage detection method and water leakage detection device. Patent No. EP2650663 A1. The water-leakage detection method according to the present invention is a method of detecting a water-leakage using a vibration sensor unit including vibration sensors and an antenna unit including an antenna and includes arranging the vibration sensor unit under the ground. Figure 2 shows the Schematic view showing a configuration of another example of a water-leakage detection device according to the present invention.

Figure 2. Schematic view showing a configuration of another example of a water-leakage detection device according to the present invention

Source: https://www.google.com/patents/EP2650663A1?cl=en&dq=water+leak+detector& hl=en&sa=X&ei=sXbvUpeNGcutlQXGtIG4CQ&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAg Arranging the antenna unit on the surface of the ground other than a part at which a manhole is placed; connecting the vibration sensor unit and the antenna unit via a cable; collecting data by measuring a vibration with the vibration sensors of the vibration sensor unit and sending the collected data to a controller unit on the ground using short-range wireless communication via the antenna unit placed on the surface of the ground, thereby retrieving the data. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Below is the conceptual frame on how the infrared sensor will design and how it works.

Inputs
1. Humanware. (Rice Importers, Businessman) 2. Hardware. (electronic components, electronic tools) 3. Software. (windows 8, autocad, multisim, LT spice and other software which includes calculation and designing of the detector)

Process
-The humanware is the one who will benefits and use the device and also responsible for the development of the Water leak detector alarm/ -The hardware will be comprising of devices to be used for the construction of the Water Leak Detector Alarm . -The software are set of programs required by the humanware for the design, and testing of the schematic of the said Leak Detector.

Output

Water Leak Detector Alarm

Figure 3- IPO Diagram Figure 1-IPO Diagram shows the conceptual framework on how the water leak detector alarm will be design and works. To discuss briefly the input, process and output procedures here are the following: On the input, it contains the parameters that are needed for designing and building of infrared sensor. These are the humanware, hardware and software. Under humanware includes the businessman or the rice importers. The process further discusses on what will the three (3) parameters as stated in the input part will be doing in order for the water leak detector alarm of the group will be designed. Lastly the output, it is the product of our research and design; the water leak detector alarm.