Primary 5/6 Science

Theme:

Systems and Cycles

Mind-map Presentations Inquiring Questions Application-Based Questions

Consulting Editor: Dr Zhang Yong BE, ME (Peking University), PhD (NUS)

 Outreach Edusys Pte Ltd

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this book and the accompanying CDROM may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, CD duplication, replication, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher.

First Published 2010

ISBN: 978-981-4275-26-2
Published by: Outreach Edusys Pte Ltd (CRN: 200006571H) Distributed by: Outreach System Pte Ltd 20 Shaw Road, #07-03 Singapore 367956 Tel: +65 91162024 Fax: +65 35107345 Email: book@orlesson.org

ii

Preface
This book is written in accordance to the guiding principles of the 2008 Primary Science Syllabus issued by Singapore Ministry of Education where the understanding and application of scientific knowledge is revolved around daily life and society in the context of the modern environment. Special attention is also devoted to the development of scientific skill set and the appreciation of the processes involved in problem solving and scientific investigation. This enrichment book is to be used in conjunction with the textbook. To assist students in retaining the necessary knowledge, so as to enable application, in particularly across domains, we develop mind maps for each theme. These mind maps allow systematic linking of the concepts, an important ingredient in the application of theory. The application of concepts is achieved through carefully crafted scenarios based questions requiring the students to observe and deduce the application of the scientific knowledge. The difficulty of each question is also carefully checked to ensure it conform with that of top well-known Singapore schools.

iii

Contents
Mind map Systems Mind map Cycles Mock Paper A (Systems) Paper 1 Mock Paper A (Systems) Paper 2 Mock Paper B (Systems) Paper 1 Mock Paper B (Systems) Paper 2 Mock Paper C (Systems) Paper 1 Mock Paper C (Systems) Paper 2 Mock Paper D (Cycles) Paper 1 Mock Paper D (Cycles) Paper 2 Mock Paper E (Cycles) Paper 1 Mock Paper E (Cycles) Paper 2 Mock Paper F (Cycles) Paper 1 Mock Paper F (Cycles) Paper 2 Suggested Answers 1 12 21 36 46 61 72 85 95 108 118 130 141

iv

Mock Paper A (System) - Paper 1 Duration: 1 hr 30 min Section A: For each of the questions, 1 to 30 four options are given. One of them is the correct answer. Make your choice (1, 2, 3, or 4) and write the number corresponding to the correct option in the bracket provided. (60 Marks) 1. Which of the following organism(s) is/are single-celled? A. Paramecium B. Yeast C. Algae D. Coral (1) A and D (2) A and B (3) B and C (4) D and C ( 2. ) Miss Lim gave her pupils a table containing the properties of three cells: Cell A, Cell B and Cell C. A tick () indicates that the cell possesses the mentioned properties. A B C Cytoplasm Chloroplasts Cell membrane Cell wall Nucleus Sap The pupils made some conclusions based on the information given. Which of the conclusions is correct? (1) Only Cell B is a plant cell. (2) Only Cell C is a plant cell. (3) Cell B and Cell C are plant cells. (4) All the cells are plant cells. ( ) Sarah examined a cell under a microscope and concluded that it was a plant cell. Why was Sarah able to conclude that it was a plant cell? A. B. C. D. (1) (3) Because it has a cell wall. Because it has a cell membrane. Because it has chloroplasts. Because it has a nucleus. A and C only B and C only. (2) (4) A and D only B and D only ( )

3.

4.

A, B, C and D are blood vessels that connect the different organs in the human body. Which of these vessels contain oxygen-rich blood? Lungs

A
Heart

B
Stomach (1) (3) 5. A and C B and C (2) (4)

D
A and D C and D ( )

In an experiment, blood samples were taken from four different blood vessels.

The amount of oxygen in each sample was measured and represented in the graph above. In the body, blood is circulated as shown in the diagram below.

Where was Sample A taken from? (1) W (3) Y

(2) (4)

X Z ( )

6.

The diagram below shows the digestive system of a human. In which part(s), A, B, C or D does absorption of food occurs in the body?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

A D B and C C and D

( 7. The cell below is undergoing cell division. It completes one cell division every 8 hours.

How many cells will there be after 2 days? (1) 12 (2) (3) 32 (4) 8. Below are the cells of a living organism.

24 64 ( )

Which of the following statements are definitely true? A. These are the cells of a plant. B. The cells have no cell membrane. C. They have a cell wall. D. The nucleus controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell. (1) A and C only. (2) B and C only (3) A, C and D only (4) A, B, C and D ( 3 )

9.

What makes the cell of a potatos leaf different from that of a human cheek? (1) (3) The presence of a chloroplast, cell membrane and cell wall in the leaf cell. The presence of the cell wall, nucleus and cell sap in the leaf cell. (2) (4) The presence of a chloroplast, cell membrane and nucleus in the leaf cell. The presence of the cell wall, chloroplast and cell sap in the leaf cell. ( )

10.

Below is a diagram showing a cut stem of a plant that has been placed in colored water for a few days.

Which part, A, B, C, or D, helps with the transportation of water from the roots to the leaves? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D ( ) 11. With regard to the processes that occur in a plant, which of the following combinations is correct? (1) (2) (3) (4) 12. Process Evaporation Respiration Decomposition Photosynthesis Product Water Water, carbon dioxide, energy Carbon dioxide Water, sugar Factors needed for the process Light, carbon dioxide Oxygen, glucose Light, oxygen Oxygen, chlorophyll ( Look at the diagram on the right. Name the part of the skeletal system which protects this organ. (1) (3) Skull Rib cage (2) (4) Spine Hip bone ( ) )

13.

Which of the following senses help a blind man to identify fruits that are rotten? A. Sight B. Taste C. Smell D. Hearing E. Touch (1) (3) B and C only A and B only (2) (4) A and D only C and D only ( )

14.

Which of the following statements is/are true about respiration? A. B. C. D. (1) (3) Heat is released during respiration. Respiration takes place in the plants all the time. Food is broken down to produce oxygen during respiration. During photosynthesis, plants do not respire. A only A, B and C only (2) (4) A and B only A, B, C and D ( )

15.

Which of the following organisms can breathe? A. B. C. D. (1) (3) Paramecium Yeast Bacteria Coral A and C only A, B and C only (2) (4) B and D only A, B, C and D ( )

16.

Four pupils made some statements on the respiration process. Aaron: Glucose and water are two products of the respiratory process. Brian: Respiration is a process of breaking down food in living cells. Cindy: Respiration does not require the consumption of energy. Donald: During respiration, energy and carbon dioxide are released. Who has made the correct statements? (1) Cindy and Donald (3) Aaron and Brian (2) (4) Brian and Donald Brian and Cindy ( )

17.

The following reaction describes the process of respiration: X + sugar Y + Z + water vapour What do the letters X, Y and Z represent? X (1) (2) (3) (4) Starch Energy Carbon dioxide Oxygen Y Energy Oxygen Starch Carbon dioxide Z Carbon dioxide Sugar Oxygen Energy ( )

18.

Alisa set up the circuit on the right. She was told that one or more of the objects (A, B, C or D) in the circuit was/were electrical insulator(s). When closing the switch, she observed that only two bells in the circuit rang. Which of the four objects (A, B, C or D) were electrical insulators?

(1) (3) 19.

A only A and B only

(2) (4)

D only B and C only ( )

The picture on the right shows the cross section of a leaf during photosynthesis. Which one of the following is/are the function(s) of the tiny opening Y found in the leaf? A. B. C. D. It is the entrance for carbon dioxide into the leaf. It helps to trap sunlight. It is the exit for oxygen from the leaf. It is the entrance and exit for water.

(1) (3)

A and B only A and D only

(2) (4)

B and C only A and C only ( )

20.

Steve fixed 4 metal buttons M, N, O and P onto a board. Some buttons were connected to one another by some wire under the board. He uses a circuit tester to find out which metal buttons are connected by wires.

The results of the test are presented in the table below. Metal buttons tested M and N M and O M and P N and O N and P O and P Did the bulb light up? No Yes Yes No No Yes

Which of the following is/are the possible connections of the wires between the metal buttons?

(1) (3)

A and B only A, B and C only

(2) (4)

C and D only A, B and D only ( )

21.

Which one of the following materials is a non-metal and a good conductor of electricity? (1) Copper (2) Carbon (3) Nichrome (4) Porcelain ( In the diagram, only Bulb S lights up. Given the below information, which switches are open or closed?

22.

(1) (2) (3) (4) 23.

Switch A Open Closed Open Closed

Switch B Closed Closed Open Closed

Switch C Closed Open Closed Open

Switch D Open Closed Closed Open ( )

The diagram below shows four circuits. All of the batteries and bulbs are of the same voltage.

Which one of the following shows the correct brightness of the bulbs A, B, C and D? Brightness of bulb Bright Brighter Brightest (1) C A D (2) C B A (3) A D C (4) B C D ( )

24.

Kate was given a circuit as shown. She was asked to remove one of the two batteries. What will she observe?

(1) (3) 25.

The light remains as bright. The light goes off.

(2) (4)

The light dims. The light glows brighter. ( )

In the four circuits, the bulbs and batteries are identical but the arrangement of the components are different.. Arrange bulbs A, B, C and D in descending order of their brightness.

(1) (3) 26.

C, B, D, A A, C, B, D

(2) (4)

D, C, B, A D, A, C, B ( )

On a circuit board, there are five metal buttons as shown below. James wanted to light up the bulb, so he decided to connect some of the buttons together. Buttons A and C are already connected to the bulb. Which other points should he connect so as to make the bulb light up? C B E A D

(1) (3)

AB and CD AB and BC

(2) (4)

AE and BC CD and CE ( )

27.

Which of the following circuit(s) will have a lit bulb only when one switch is closed?

(1) (3) 28.

A and B only B and C only

(2) (4)

A and C only C and D only ( )

Study the circuit below.

Provided that only bells A, E and F rang, what can be concluded about X, Y and Z? (1) (3) Y and Z are electrical insulators. X, Y and Z are electrical conductors. (2) (4) Z is an electrical insulator. X and Y are electrical conductors. ( )

10

29.

Four objects (A, B, C and D) were connected in an electrical circuit as below.

If only three bells rang, which one of the objects must be an electrical conductor? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D ( 30. Study the following circuits. The batteries and bulbs used are all identical.

Which of the circuits has the brightest bulb? (1) A (2) (3) C (4)

B D ( )

11

Mock Paper A (Systems) - Paper 2 Section B: For questions 31 to 46, write the answers in the spaces provided. (40 marks) 31. Read the information about genetic engineering carefully and decide whether each of the statements below is true or false. Put a tick () in the appropriate column. [2] Characteristics a) It is a big breakthrough in system re-engineering by removing the notion of chance in natural selection, and is good for mankind in every aspect. b) It has the potential to make ordinary familiar foods become toxic. c) Plants having gone through genetic engineering are usually resistant to pests. d) Selected parents with desired character traits are bred together to obtain young with the desirable characteristics. 32. True False

The table below shows properties of different cells A, B, C and D. A tick () indicates the presence of the mentioned component. [2] Cell wall Nucleus Chloroplast A B C D

Which types of cells can A, B, C and D be? A C 33. B D

Supposed that you were a biotechnologist. You want to create a new species from the fish cell and the plant cell below so that this new species contains characteristics from both the fish and the plant.

a)

What type of biotechnological technique should you use to obtain the objective? [1]

12

b)

Which of the parts labeled above should you focus your research on? Justify your answer with reason. [2]

34.

The human blood is classified into four main groups A, AB, B and O. During surgery, blood can be given to the patient in order to save his life. However, crossgroup transfusion requires careful practice. The table below displays the suitable blood groups for blood donors as well as blood recipients. Blood type of person receiving blood Blood type of donors A AB B O A Yes Yes No No AB No Yes No No B No Yes Yes No O Yes Yes Yes Yes Kans blood group is B. He needs a blood transfusion urgently. Write down the blood group(s) he can receive blood from. [2]

35.

Complete the table below with two more differences between an artery and a vein.[2] 1 2 Artery contains blood that is rich in oxygen (i.a) Vein contains blood that is rich in carbon dioxide (ii.a)

(i.b)

(ii.b)

13

36.

The diagram below shows the digestive system of a human. [2]

List the name and main function of each part. Part Name A B C D 37. a)

Function

The diagram below shows the digestive system of a human. Where in the digestive system does digestion end? [1]

b)

There are muscles lining the walls of the gullet and stomach. What are the functions of these muscles? [2]

14

38.

A, B, C and D are blood vessels connecting the different organs found in a humans body.

Lungs

A
Heart

B
Stomach a) Which vessel(s) contain oxygen-rich blood? [1]

b)

Which vessel(s) contain carbon dioxide-rich blood? [1]

39.

The setup below is used to represent the respiratory system of a human being.

a)

Identify what the balloons and the rubber sheet represent. [2]

b)

Describe the movement of each of your answers in (a) when air is being exhaled. [1]

15

40.

Study the circuit below.

What will happen to the bulb if each switch is closed while the others are left open? [3] (a) S1: (b) S2: (c) S3:

41.

Below is a circuit with four lighted bulbs. A switch is introduced to the circuit so that one bulb will be switched off while the others still remain lighted.

Draw a switch on the diagram above to indicate where the switch should be placed. [2]

16

42. a)

You are given 3 identical batteries and a bulb. Draw 3 different arrangements of these items in order that the bulb in each of the circuits has a different degree of brightness? You should take care not to destroy any battery through incorrect connections. [1]

b)

Which arrangement has the brightest bulb? [1]

c)

Which arrangement has the dimmest bulb? [1]

17

43.

A pupil set up an experiment to find out the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant. The water in each flask was collected from the same location of a pond and the same amount of plant was placed in each flask.

The graph below illustrates the relationship between the temperature of water and the rate of photosynthesis of the plant.

a)

What conclusion can you draw about effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis of this aquatic plant from the graph? [1]

b)

What do you think might happen to the living organisms in the pond if the temperature of water increases to more than 40oC? Explain your answer. [2]

18

44.

Brian wanted to find out the amount of air retained by different types of soil. He obtained three different types of soil, A, B and C from the school garden, Botanical Gardens and the beach at East Coast respectively. He poured one cupful of soil into the cylinders as shown.

Next, he poured a cupful of water into the cylinders at the same time. The diagrams show Brians initial observations of the 3 set-ups after the water was poured into the cylinders.

a)

Which solid contained the greatest amount of air in it? [1]

b)

Give an explanation for your answer above. [2]

19

45.

An experiment was set up as below in a dark room.

What can be observed with regards to the ink drop after 1 day? [2]

46.

Jane asked herself whether plants could live in a closed environment. To figure out the answer, she made a bottle garden for one week. To her surprise, the plants did survive.

State two processes occurring in the plants that enable their survival in the bottle. [3]

20

Mock Paper B (Systems) Paper 1 Duration: 1 hr 30 min Section A: For each question 1 to 30 four options are given. One of them is the correct answer. Make your choice (1, 2, 3, or 4) and write the number corresponding to the correct option in the bracket provided. (60 Marks) 1. Which graph best describes the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air of the forest over a period of 24hours.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

21

2.

The picture below shows how the leaf of a plant carries out photosynthesis.

The arrows indicate the movement of different substances in and out of the leaf. What are the substances represented by A, B, C and D? A B C D (1) Water Sugar Carbon dioxide Oxygen (2) Carbon dioxide Oxygen Sugar Water (3) Sugar Carbon dioxide Water Oxygen (4) Sugar Water Oxygen Carbon dioxide ( 3. The diagram below shows the carbon cycle.

Which one of the following identifies the correct processes A and C? A C (1) Photosynthesis Decomposition (2) Photosynthesis Respiration (3) Respiration Decomposition (4) Respiration Photosynthesis ( )

22

4.

Which of the following aquatic plants will be most affected, if there is a sudden increase in the population of water hyacinth on the pond below?

(1) (3) 5.

Moss Hydrilla

(2) (4)

Water lily Cattail ( )

When carefully examining the under surface of a leaf, we can see many tiny openings as below. These openings are called stomata.

What are the functions of these stomata? A. They facilitate the exchange of gases. B. They are the gates controlling the entrance and exit of mineral salts in and out of the leaf. C. They trap sunlight for photosynthesis. D. They allow water vapor to escape. (1) (3) A and D only. A, C and D only. (2) (4) B and C only. A, B and C only. ( 23 )

6.

Which conclusion is most accurate regarding the photosynthesis and respiration of a plant? (1) (3) Photosynthesis can only be (2) carried out during daytime; and respiration is carried out at night. (4) Photosynthesis can be carried out as long as there is light; but respiration can only be carried out at night. Respiration can be carried out during daytime; and photosynthesis happens at night. Photosynthesis can only occur when there is light; but respiration occurs all the time. ( )

7.

Jay was told that carbon dioxide was needed for photosynthesis. He decided to confirm this by an experiment described below. 4 identical plants were used and put in containers in different conditions. A, B and C were exposed to sunlight; while D was left in the dark. After a few days, he took some leaves from each plant and let them undergo starch tests.

Which two set-ups should he compare to achieve his aim? (1) A and B only. (2) A and C only. (3) B and C only. (4) C and D only. ( )

24

8.

A pupil was given some batteries, bulbs and wires. He made different circuits and recorded the results as shown in the graph below. Y

(1) (3) 9.

Which of the following could possibly represent X and Y? X Y A Number of bulbs Voltage of bulbs B Voltage of batteries Number of bulbs C Voltage of bulbs Brightness of bulbs D Number of bulbs Brightness of bulbs D only. (2) A and B only. B and C only. (4) C and D only. ( )

Study the following circuits. The batteries and bulbs used are all identical.

(1) (3)

Arrange the circuits in descending order of brightness of the bulbs. A, B, C, D. (2) C, D, A, B. B, A, C, D. (4) D, C, A, B. ( )

25

10.

Four objects (A, B, C and D) were connected in an electrical circuit as shown below.

Provided that there was one insulator, what was the maximum number of the bells that could have rung? (1) 2 (2) 3 Impossible to tell from the (3) 4 (4) information given ( 11. Study the diagram below. Provided that the system is a replicate of the human respiratory system.

Can you relate the organ of the respiratory system that the baloons represent? (1) Lungs (2) Wind Pipe (3) Diaphragm (4) None of them. (

26

12.

Which of the following circuit(s) will have a lit up bulb only when both the switches are closed?

(1) (3) 13.

A only D only

(2) (4)

B and C only C and D only ( )

Kate was given a circuit as below.

An additional battery was also given. Among the 4 possibilities below, which circuit has a bulb that is not brighter than the original circuit?

(1) (3)

A only A and D only.

(2) (4)

A and B only C and D only ( )

27

14.

An experiment was set up to find out the effect of different types of conductors to the loudness of the bell.

In order to get the correct results, which variables should be kept the same? A. Number of batteries B. Type of bell C. Type of conductors D. Number of switches E. Voltage of bulb (1) A and C only (2) B and D only (3) A, B, D and E only (4) A, B, C, D and E ( 15. An experiment was set up to test the electrical conductivity of some materials (A, B, C or D). 4 different objects made of the mentioned materials were placed into the circuit one by one. )

The brightness of the bulb in each case was recorded in the following table. Material Brightness of bulb A Bright B Very bright C Unlit D Dim Which material is most suitable for making a covering for electrical wires? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D ( )

28

16.

Below is a closed circuit.

Although one bulb was fused, the other three continue to light up. Which bulb might have fused? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D ( ) 17. Below is a circuit with four lighted bulbs. A switch has to be introduced to the circuit such that one bulb will be switched off while the others still remain lighted.

At which position (A, B, C or D) should the switch be inserted? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D ( )

29

18.

Study the circuit given below.

Which of the following switches when closed will produce bulbs with different brightness as compared to the rest of the combinations? (1) S1 and S2 (2) S1 and S3 (3) S2 and S3 (4) S4 ( 19. Study the diagram below.

If all the switches are closed and bulb E is fused, how many bulbs will light up? (1) 6. (2) 2. (3) 4. (4) None of the bulbs will light up. ( 20.

How does respiration helps in the survival of a living thing? (1) Respiration uses food to release (2) Respiration produces carbon energy necessary for survival. dioxide which is needed by plants for survival. (3) Respiration helps to digest the (4) Respiration produces oxygen food necessary for the survival which is necessary for the survival of all living things. of all living things. ( )

30

21.

The setup below is used to represent the respiratory system of the human being.

What can a pupil observe in the above setup if air is being exhaled? Movement of the rubber sheet Balloons (1) Downwards Expand (2) Upwards Expand (3) Downwards Contract (4) Upwards Contract ( 22. Below is the humans respiratory system. )

Based on the diagram above, which of the following statements are true? A. A allows air to enter and leave the body system. B. B is the main pipe that air enters and leaves. C. C contains tiny air sacs surrounded by many tiny blood vessels. D. B cleans the air by trapping impurities before air enters the system. (1) A and B only (2) A and C only (3) A, B and C only (4) A, B and D only (

31

23.

The diagram above shows the exchange of gases between animals and plants. When does this exchange occur? (1) All the time. (3) As long as there is light. 24. Below is the digestive system of a human. (2) (4) During daytime. During nighttime. ( )

Which one of the following correctly identifies the parts where digestion of food and absorption of large amount of water take place? Digestion of food Absorption of large amount of water (1) A, B, C, D F (2) A, D, E F (3) D, E, F G (4) A, C, D G ( )

32

25.

Study the chart and match the parts of the body to the correct body systems A, B and C.

Body systems

A
Veins Arteries Heart A Circulatory Respiratory Skeletal Circulatory

B
Spine Rib-cage Skull B Respiratory Skeletal Circulatory Skeletal

C
Lungs Windpipe Nostrils C Skeletal Circulatory Respiratory Respiratory ( )

(1) (2) (3) (4) 26.

Below is the humans digestive system.

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true? A. Food digestion starts at A. B. Food that cannot be digested will be removed at F. C. Digestive juices are produced at A, E and D. D. Water and some mineral salts are absorbed at G. E. Food is broken down into substances that can be used by the body at F. (1) A and B only (2) B, C and D only (3) A and C only (4) A, B, D and E only ( )

33

27.

In an experiment, blood samples were taken out from four different blood vessels.

The amount of oxygen in each sample was examined and graphed as below. In the body, blood is circulated as shown in the diagram.

Where was sample C taken out from? (1) W (3) Y 28.

(2) (4)

X Z ( )

Information on three types of cells (A, B and C) is given in the table below. A tick () indicates the presence of the mentioned organelle. Parts of cell Cell A Cell B Cell C Chloroplast Nucleus Cell wall Which of the following statements is/are true about the three cells (A, B and C)? A. Cell A is most likely to belong to an animal. B. Cell B can be found in the root of a plant. C. Cell C is most likely to be able to produce oxygen. (1) B only (2) C only (3) A and C only (4) A, B and C ( )

34

29.

Below is a cross section of a stem from a normally growing plant.

Which substances do parts G and H of the stem transport respectively? G H (1) Water and dissolved Food mineral salts (2) Food Water and dissolved mineral salts (3) Food and carbon dioxide Water and oxygen (4) Water and oxygen Food and carbon dioxide ( 30. The diagram below shows the cell of a green plant. What is the function of A? )

(1) (3)

It maintains the cells shape. It assists movement of the substances within the cell.

(2) (4)

It controls the activities in the cell. It controls the substances moving in and out of the cell. ( )

35

Mock Paper B (Systems) Paper 2 Section B: For questions 31 to 46, write the answers in the spaces provided. (40 marks) 31. Below is a garden in a bottle which is placed under plenty of sunlight. The bottle was completely sealed so that no air and water can enter it. It was observed that the plants remain alive for more than one month.

Explain how the plant survived even though no air and water can enter the bottle. [2]

32.

A, B, C and D are different processes to produce or remove carbon dioxide from the air. Carbon dioxide C A in the air B Plants D Animals

Dead matter What are A, B, C and D processes respectively? [2] A: ______________________ B: ______________________ C: ______________________ D: ______________________

36

33.

Alice conducted an experiment as described below. An equal number of goldfish were put into two identical fish bowls (A and B). The same amount of food was given to the fish in both bowls. After a few days, she observed that the goldfish in bowl A gathered near the water surface.

Why did the fish gather near the surface? [3]

34.

a)

A fish was put in water with an air pump which can provide oxygen at different rates. The amount of oxygen dissolved in the water was measured and the number of gill beats was counted by carefully observing the fish. The results are shown in the table below. Number of gill Amount of dissolved oxygen per cm3 of water beats per minute 18.50 10 16.10 14 14.46 17 12.56 18 12.16 21 What can be concluded about the relationship between the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water and the number of gill beats? [1]

b)

Justify your answer above with reason(s). [2]

37

35.

Below is a closed circuit.

a) b)

Where can we insert a switch so that all bulbs are turned on and off at the same time. Mark an X at the appropriate position for the switch on the circuit. [1] What will happen to the other bulbs if bulb D is fused? [1]

36.

On a circuit board, there were three hidden wires joining the metal points together. A pupil used the following circuit tester to find out the hidden wires. Different pairs of points were connected with the tester and the results were recorded as below. Points A and B A and C A and D B and D B and E C and E D and E Result Bulb lights up Bulb lights up Bulb lights up Bulb lights up Bulb does not light up Bulb does not light up Bulb does not light up

Based on the results above, show on the diagram how these metal points are connected. [3]

38

37.

An experiment was set up to test the electrical conductivity of some materials (A, B, C or D). 4 different objects made of the mentioned materials were placed into the circuit one by one.

a)

The brightness of the bulb in each case was recorded in the following table. Material Brightness of bulb A Bright B Very bright C Unlit D Dim Which material is most suitable for making a lightning conductor? [1]

b)

Which material is most suitable for making a covering for electrical wires? [1]

39

38.

4 objects W, X, Y and Z were tested for their electrical conductivity. Different circuits were set up to conduct the experiment. The bulbs in set-up A and B did not light up, while the bulbs in set-up C and D lit up.

a)

Which object(s) is/are electrical conductor(s)? [1]

b)

Which object(s) is/are electrical insulator(s)? [1]

c)

Study the below circuit.

How many bulbs will light up in the circuit above when the switch is closed? [1]

40

39.

James constructed a traffic light circuit as below.

However, he found out that he could not get each bulb to light up one at a time. What could he do to reconstruct the circuit so that each colored bulb could be light up at a time? Using the same components (3 switches, 3 bulbs, and some wires), draw the circuit in the space below. [2]

40.

State the main functions of each part A, B and C. [3]

41

41.

The bar charts below show the digestion of three types of food A, B and C, in the different parts of the digestive system.

Key Digestedfood FoodA FoodB FoodC

At the start

In the mouth

In the stomach

In the small intestine

a)

Based on the graph above, in which organ(s) was/were digestion of food B mostly carried out? [1]

b)

Among the three types of food, soup, biscuit and hamburger, identify the best possible match of these three types of food and Food A, B and C. [1]

42

42.

A plant having white flowers was put into a beaker filled with bluecolored water. Two flowers, X and Y, were observed. Only X turned blue after 2 hours while Y remained white. A pupil immediately made two cuts near X and Y. Describe the cross-section at the stems at cut 1 and cut 2. [2]

43.

Below are some blood vessels and the direction of blood flow through them.

a)

Which organ does blood in K finally return to? [1]

b)

What is the main difference between the blood in vessels M and K? [1]

c)

Blood vessel P has thinner walls than blood vessel M. State the function of vessel P and explain why P has thinner walls. [1]

43

44.

When examining some plant cells under a microscope, Aaron observed the following cell.

Match the correct part of the cell (A, B, C, D, E) and its description. [2] a.______ controls cellular activities. b.______ controls what goes in and out of the cell. c.______ gives support to the plant cell and helps to maintain its shape. d.______ converts light energy to chemical energy. e.______ stores water, food and minerals for the cell. 45. a) This is a plant cell. Assume that you are a genetic expert. You have just found out that insertion of some genetic material would enable the plant cell above to produce a new substance T. In the above diagram, label and name the part of the cell that you should insert to the genetic material. [1]

44

b)

After having inserting the material, you knew that substance T had been produced inside the cell. However, further studies concluded that there was no presence of T in the surrounding area. What is wrong? Is there any part of the cell that prevents the escape of T to the environment? If so, what is it? [2]

46.

The drawings below came from an observation of 2 different types of cells under the microscope.

a)

Which group of cells, A or B, comes from a plant? [1]

b)

Justify your answer above with a reason. [2]

45

Mock Paper C (Systems) Paper 1 Duration: 1 hr 30 min Section A: For each question 1 to 30 four options are given. One of them is the correct answer. Make your choice (1, 2, 3, or 4) and write the number corresponding to the correct option in the bracket provided. (60 Marks) 1. Below is a cell of a cat. Which part(s) of the cell determine(s) the color of the cats fur?

(1) (3) 2.

A only A and D only

(2) (4)

C only A, B and C only ( )

The cell below is undergoing cell division. How many cells will there be after 5 rounds of division?

(1) (3) 3.

5 32

(2) (4)

10 64 ( )

On which part of the plant would the cell below be found?

(1) (3)

Lotus root. Tree bark.

(2) (4)

Leaf blade. Rubber seed. ( )

46

4.

Which of the following organelles can be found in both plant and animal cells? A. Nucleus B. Cytoplasm C. Cell wall D. Cell membrane (1) A and C only. (2) B and D only. (3) A, B and D only. (4) B, C and D only. (

5.

Which of the statement(s) is/are true? A. The cell membrane supports the cell and gives it the shape. B. Chlorophyll, which traps light energy, is kept in the chloroplast. C. Movements of the substances in and out of the cell are controlled by the cytoplasm. D. The activities in the cells are controlled by the nucleus. (1) B only. (2) B and D only. (3) A and C only. (4) A, B, C and D only. ( ) The table below shows properties of different cells A, B, C and D. A tick () indicates the presence of the mentioned component. A Cell wall Nucleus Chloroplast B C D

6.

Which of the following most accurately shows what type of cell A, B, C, and D are? (1) (2) (3) (4) A Animal skin cell Leaf cell Leaf cell Leaf cell B Root cell Red blood cell Root cell Animal skin cell C Red blood cell Root cell Red blood cell Red blood cell D Leaf cell Animal skin cell Animal skin cell Root cell ( )

47

7.

The pictures below show different cells under microscopic view. They are not drawn to scale.

Which of the above cell(s) is/are single-celled organism(s)? (1) A only (2) B only (3) A and D only (4) B and C only ( 8. A, B, C and D are all blood vessels, connecting the different organs in a human. Which of these vessels contain oxygen-deprived blood? Lungs )

A
Heart

B
Stomach (1) (3) A and B. B and C.

D
(2) (4) A and D. C and D. ( )

48

9.

In an experiment, blood samples were taken out from four different blood vessels.

The amount of oxygen in each sample was examined and graphed as above. In the body, blood is circulated as shown in the diagram.

Where was sample B taken out from? (1) W. (3) Y.

(2) (4)

X. Z. ( )

49

10.

A plant having white flowers was put into a beaker filled with blue-colored water. Two flowers, X and Y, were observed. Only X turned blue after 2 hours while Y remained white. A pupil immediately made two cuts near X and Y.

Which of the following shows the correct cross-section of the stems at the cuts?

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

50

11.

A simplified diagram of the humans circulatory system is displayed below. The arrows represent the direction of the flow of blood in the body. B A

Lungs

Heart

Other parts of the body

C D Which blood vessel (A, B, C or D) contain the greatest amount of carbon dioxide? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D ( ) 12. Below is the human digestive system Which of the following correctly describes the processes of digestion at A, B, C and D?

(1)

A Food is softened with saliva Saliva mixes with the food in the mouth Chewed food is swallowed Digestion begins with the help of saliva

(2)

B Digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream Digestive juices soften the food Food is mixed with the blood Food is broken down into simpler substances

C Food is further broken down into simpler substances Food is moved into D to be absorbed into the bloodstream Food is moved into D to be absorbed into the bloodstream Water and some mineral salts are absorbed

D Waste materials as passed out of the body Digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream Digested food is absorbed into the body Digestion ends with food being absorbed into the bloodstream ( )

(3)

(4)

51

13.

The graph below shows how much undigested food is remained when passing through different parts of the human digestive system (A, B and C).

Percentage of undigested food

100

C 0 Mouth Parts of the digestive system

In the diagram below, which of the letters, W, X, Y or Z best represents part C?

(1) (3) 14.

W Y

(2) (4)

X Z ( )

Which of the following statements about fungi are true? A. B. C. D. E. (1) (3) Jews ears obtain food from the log that they grow on. Fungi can grow on both living and dead organisms. Photosynthesis can happen in fungi. Bread mould is a fungus that reproduces from spores. B and C only. A, B and D only. (2) (4) A and D only. A, B and C only. ( )

52

15.

Jane asked herself whether plants could live in a closed environment. To figure out the answer, she made a bottle garden for one week. To her surprise, the plants did survive.

What processes occurring in the plants enable their survival in the bottle? A. The plants photosynthesize to make food in the presence of light. B. Respiration and transpiration happen all the time. C. A continuous water cycle takes place in the bottle. (1) (3) 16. A and B only. B and C only. (2) (4) A and C only. A, B and C. ( Below is the process of respiration. What do A and B in the diagram represent? A + Oxygen (1) B + Carbon dioxide + Water (2) (3) (4) A Digested Food Energy Water Light B Energy Food Energy Energy )

53

17.

Alice connected up the following circuit using three high power alkaline batteries and a bulb. What will she observed after a minute?

(1) (3) 18.

The bulb lighted up brightly. The bulb flickered on and off.

(2) (4)

Nothing happened. The batteries feel very hot. (

Kate was given a circuit as below. An additional battery was also given. Among the 4 possibilities below, which circuit has a bulb that has the same brightness as the original circuit?

(1) (3)

A only. B and C only.

(2) (4)

A and B only. C and D only. ( )

54

19.

Alisa set up the circuit below. She was told that one or more of the objects (A, B, C or D) in the circuit were electrical insulators.

When closing the switch, she observed that only two bells in the circuit rang. Which of the four objects (A, B, C or D) were electrical conductors? (1) (3) 20. A only A and D only (2) (4) D only B and C only ( Which of the following circuit(s) will have a lit bulb even when none of the two switches is closed? )

(1) (3)

A only D only

(2) (4)

B and C only C and D only ( )

55

21.

Study the circuit below.

Provided that five out of six bells rang, which one among X, Y and Z is electrical insulator(s)? (1) X (2) Y (3) Z (4) None of them ( 22. Study the following circuits. The batteries and bulbs used are all identical.

Which of the circuits has the dimmest bulb? (1) A (2) (3) C (4)

B D ( )

56

23.

Study the diagram below.

If all the switches are open, how many bulbs will light up? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 4 (4) None of the bulbs will light up. ( 24. 4 objects W, X, Y and Z were tested for their electrical conductivity. Different circuits were set up to conduct the experiment.

The lights in set-ups A and B did not light up; while the lights in set-ups C and D lit up. What can be concluded from the experiment? (1) Y is an electrical insulator. (2) W and Y are electrical conductors. (3) X and Y are electrical insulators. (4) X, Y and Z are electrical conductors. ( )

57

25.

Study the circuit below

In order to have the smallest number possible of bulbs light up, which of the items (W, X, Y or Z) should be an electrical insulator? (1) (3) 26. W Y (2) (4) X Z ( Below is an electrical circuit. )

State the correct order in which the switches should be closed so that bulb A will light up first, followed by bulb B and then bulb C? First switch to close 1 3 3 2 Second switch to close 2 1 2 1 Third switch to close 3 2 1 3 ( 58 )

(1) (2) (3) (4)

27.

Study the circuit given below.

Which of the following two switches when closed will produce the brightest light? (1) S1 and S2 (2) S1 and S3 (3) S2 and S3 (4) S3 and S4 ( ) 28. Liquid X can turn from blue to red in the presence of carbon dioxide. Susan setup an experiment as below.

She blew some air into the test tube. What was her assumption and purpose to do so? Assumption Purpose to show that (1) Exhaled air contains carbon Exhaled air contains carbon dioxide dioxide (2) Exhaled air contains carbon Liquid X changes color in the dioxide presence of carbon dioxide (3) Liquid X has effect on carbon Exhaled air contains carbon dioxide dioxide (4) Liquid X has effect on carbon Liquid X changes color in the dioxide presence of carbon dioxide ( )

59

29.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide continuously move in the life cycle of living things as described in the diagram below. Glucose

Oxygen Plant photosynthesis Animal

Water SUN Carbon dioxide Which statement correctly interprets the diagram? (1) Water is not required for plant (2) Carbon dioxide is produced by photosynthesis. plant photosynthesis. (3) Oxygen is a by-product of plant (4) Animal respiration produces photosynthesis. glucose and water. ( 30. A, B, C and D are different processes to produce or remove carbon dioxide from the air. What are A, B, C and D processes respectively?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

A Respiration Photosynthesis Decomposition Decomposition

B Photosynthesis Respiration Respiration Photosynthesis

C Respiration Respiration Photosynthesis Respiration

D Decomposition Decomposition Respiration Respiration ( )

60

Mock Paper C (Systems) Paper 2 Section B: For questions 31 to 46, write the answers in the spaces provided. (40 marks) 31. Look at the diagram below carefully.

a)

Which part of the cell, A, B, C or D enables you to identify whether it is a plant cell? Why? [1]

b)

Is the cell able to make food? Justify your answer with reasons. [1]

32.

Jane was looking at the singlecelled organism below under a microscope. This organism is known as Chlamydomonas. Jane thinks that this organism is an animal. Is she correct? Justify your answer with a reason. [2]

61

33.

The diagram below shows the circulatory system of a human. The arrows represent the direction of blood in the body. B A

Lungs

Heart

Other parts of the body

C Which blood vessels (A, B, C or D) contain the greatest amount of carbon dioxide? Explain your answer. [2]

34.

Rings of different thickness were cut and removed from the stem as shown below.

The plant was watered daily and kept in the dark for 4 days. Both leaves A and B were covered with black paper on both sides. After that, the plant was placed under strong sunlight for 12 hours.

62

After 12 hours, both leaves A and B were tested for starch using iodine. Shade the parts where iodine turned dark blue. [2]

35. a)

Study the diagram of the digestive system of a human carefully. Where in the digestive system does digestion first occur? [1] _____________________________________________

b)

At which part (A, B, C or D) is digested food absorbed into the bloodstream? [1]

c)

It is crucial that digested food be absorbed into the bloodstream. Explain why. [1]

63

36.

Study the statements below and put a tick () in the appropriate box. [2] Statement True False Not possible to tell (a) The stomata allows exchange of gases during photosynthesis and respiration (b) The guard cells control the amount of water lost through transpiration (c) The stomata is found only on the leaves of a plant (d) The stomata consists of one guard cell Alex set up an experiment as shown below to study certain properties of object X.

37.

a)

When the circuit above is switched on, what property of X can be tested? [1]

b)

Alexs teacher asked her to perform another experiment to test the same property of X. She keeps on thinking but hasnt found an answer yet. Can you help her? [2]

64

38.

A circuit was set up as below.

A tick () indicates that the bulb lights up; while a cross () indicates that the bulb does not light up. Complete the table below with an appropriate symbol. [1] Circuit orientation Switch X is open, switch Y is closed Switch Y is open, switch X is closed How should three identical batteries and one bulb be connected so that the bulb will shine the brightest? [2] State of Bulbs A

65

39.

Study the diagram below and answer these questions.

a)

If all the switches are closed and bulbs A and B are fused, how many bulbs will light up? [1]

b)

If all the switches are open, which are the bulbs that will light up? [1]

c)

Which bulb(s) do(es) Switch 1 control(s)? [1]

40.

Study the following circuits. The batteries and bulbs used are all identical.

Arrange the circuits in increasing order of brightness of the bulbs. [2]

66

41.

You are given a battery, two bulbs and two pieces of wires. Using not more than 4 wires each, connect the battery to the bulbs so that The bulbs in arrangement A are brighter than those in arrangement B. In arrangement A, even if one bulb blows, the other can still light up.

Arrangement A [1]

Arrangement B [1]

67

42.

Kate was given a circuit as below.

An additional battery was also given. Draw three possible circuits with this additional battery, and rank them according to the brightness of the bulb. [2]

68

43.

Look at the diagram below. What do A, B, C and D represent? [3]

A: B: C: D: 44. The diagram below shows the exchange of gases between living things and the surroundings.

a)

Which two arrows in the above diagram show plants undergoing the process of converting light into chemical potential energy? [1]

69

b)

Name the product that is broken down in plants when the process indicates by arrows 5 and 6 takes place. [1]

45.

A hypothesis was given to a group of pupils: The presence of water plants increases the survival rate of aquatic animals. These pupils conducted an experiment to test this hypothesis with the following items. They left the set-ups alone for two weeks.

a)

What were the two set-ups needed to conduct a fair test? Draw in pencil in the space provided to show how these pupils should set up the experiment. [1]

b)

What should the pupils observe at the end of the experiment? Why? [2]

70

46.

Sam wanted to test if liquid X is an electrical conductor. He was provided with the following items.

a)

How could Sam set up these items to identify the electrical conductivity of liquid X. Illustrate your answer in the box below. [2]

b)

Using the experiment, list two ways for Sam to tell whether liquid X is an electrical conductor or not. [2]

71

Mock Paper D (Cycles) Paper 1 Duration: 1 hr 30 min Section A: For each question 1 to 30 four options are given. One of them is the correct answer. Make your choice (1, 2, 3, or 4) and write the number corresponding to the correct option in the bracket provided. (60 Marks) 1. Four samples of water were taken from four different rivers, A, B, C and D. They were tested for chemical Z which is a poison to living things. The results are shown in the graph below. Amount of chemical Z

River A

River B

River C

River D

River

According to the graph, which river would contain the greatest number of living things? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D ( 2. Consider the diagram on the right. What can be concluded about how the water droplets form on the plastic cover?

(1)

(3)

The water evaporated and became water vapour which condensed on the cooler surface of the plastic cover. The plastic cover was wet and water gathered on the surface of the plastic cover.

(2)

The water vapour from the air outside condensed on the plastic cover. The warm water vapour inside the plastic cover condensed on the cool surface of the plastic cover. ( )

(4)

72

3.

Below is the water cycle. Rain Water bodies such as the sea, rivers and lakes C B Clouds
Water vapour

Which of the following best describes A, B, and C? A B C (1) Evaporation Precipitation Condensation (2) Precipitation Condensation Evaporation (3) Evaporation Condensation Precipitation (4) Condensation Precipitation Evaporation ( 4. A pupil conducted the experiment below to find the volume of Object A. )

His teacher told him that the amount collected in the beaker was not the accurate volume of Object A. What could the pupil do to improve the accuracy of the measurement? (1) (3) Repeat the experiment 3 times and take the average value. Subtract the amount of water in the beaker from the total volume of water in the displacement can. (2) (4) Measure the amount of water left in the displacement can. Pour in more water before the experiment so that the water level is just below the opening. ( )

73

5.

James took water from 3 different parts of a river and filled it into 3 different beakers. He then placed 10 fish and an equal amount of hydrilla into each beaker. During the experiment, an equal amount of food was given to the fish at the same time. The three beakers were placed at the same place. He recorded the number of fish in each beaker after 20 days. Water source Part A of the river Part B of the river Part C of the river Number of fish left after 20 days 10 5 2 Part B Impossible to tell ( )

Which part of the river was the most polluted? (1) Part A (2) (3) Part C (4) 6.

An experiment was conducted to study the rate of evaporation of water placed in different containers with different exposed surface areas. 80 ml of water was poured into each container.

Which container would have the greatest rate of evaporation? (1) Container A (2) Container B (3) Container C (4) They have the same rate of evaporation ( 7. When an oil spillage occurs, the marine life in a large area is badly affected. Some seabirds are also found dead on the beach. Which of the following statement(s) about the death of the seabirds is/are true? A. B. C. D. (1) (3) They drink contaminated water. They eat the fish which has been poisoned by the oil. Their feathers get soaked with oil and they cannot fly. They are suffocated by the oil fumes. (2) (4) A and D only. A, B, C and D. ( 74

B only. A, B and C only.

8.

When slowly putting a hollow and inverted cylinder A into a basin of water, Paul observed the following. He then slowly put another similar-sized empty inverted cylinder B with holes at its base to the basin. Which of the following describes the result correctly?

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

( 9. Below is a classification chart. Method of reproduction

A Birds nest fern C Complete the above chart by choosing the correct option. (1) (2) (3) (4) A Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction By spores By spores B Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction By seeds By seeds C Corn Yeast Mushroom Yeast

B Grapefruit D

D Tomato Pineapple Watermelon Banana ( )

75

10.

Study the table below carefully. Period after fertilization 3 weeks 6 weeks 12 weeks 9 10 months Stage of development Head is formed. Spinal cord and heart start to develop. Brain grows rapidly. Eyes and ears start to develop. Limbs start to form. The foetus has almost all the external features of a baby. Birth

From the table above, what is the earliest period after fertilization that a mother can start feeling its foetuss kicks? (1) (3) 11. 1st week 5th week (2) (4) 3rd week 13th week ( With regard to the reproduction of animals, which of the following statements are true? A. The male animals produce sperms. B. Many sperms fertilize one egg. C. Fertilization always takes place inside the female body. D. In the female human body, fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube. (1) (3) 12. B and D only. A, C and D only. (2) (4) A and D only. A, B, C and D. ( The diagram shows a sperm cell. Which one of the following is true about the function of the nucleus and flagellum respectively? ) )

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Nucleus Keeps the cell firm Carries genetic materials Controls activities in the cell Acts as the center of the cell

Flagellum Acts as a feeler Controls activities in the cell Aids in movement Keeps the cell firm ( )

76

13.

Which of the statement(s) about a developing human foetus is/are true? A. It is made up of only one kind of cells. B. It contains genetic materials from both parents. C. It takes one year for the foetus to fully develop and to be born. D. It is developed from one fertilized egg. (1) D only. (2) A and D only. (3) B and D only. (4) A, C and D only. ( ) Which statement(s) is/are correct about sexual reproduction between males and females? A. The fertilization process always takes place in the female reproductive system. B. The male reproductive cells are called sperms. C. The umbilical cord provides the foetus with the nutrients it needs to survive. D. The gestation period is about 7 months. (1) C only. (2) D only. (3) B and C only. (4) A and D only. ( ) The picture below shows the location of some plants along the river side. The arrows indicate the direction of the water flow in the river.

14.

15.

After several years, dispersal takes place and more plants of the same kinds are seen growing on other areas as seen in the picture below.

Which of the following sets of plants are likely to be X, Y and Z? X Y Z (1) Mangrove Balsam Lotus (2) Shorea Saga Mimosa (3) Lalang Angsana Love grass (4) Pong pong Mango Coconut ( 77 )

16.

Below is a life cycle of a plant. Seedling Adult plant

Fruits Which processes occur at X? A. Dispersal B. Germination C. Pollination D. Fertilization (1) A and B only (3) B and C only 17. Study the chart below

Flowers

(2) (4)

A and C only C and D only ( )

Parts of a ginger plant

Can it be used for reproduction?

No
Does it contain chlorophyll?

Yes Is it underground? Yes C

Yes A B

No

Which of the following best represents A, B and C? (1) (2) (3) (4) A Roots Leaves Roots Stem B Stem Roots Leaves Roots C Leaves Stem Stem Leaves ( )

78

18.

Three different species of plants were selected for a study. Their methods of dispersal were determined by the number of seedlings found at different radii from the parent plant.
Species A Species B

No. of seeds

Radius (km)

No. of seeds

Radius (km)

Species C

No. of seeds

Radius (km)

Based on the data collected, which of the following shows the correct dispersion methods for the different species? (1) (2) (3) (4) A Animal Animal Wind Wind B Splitting Wind Animal Animal C Wind Splitting Water Splitting ( )

79

19.

Below is a fruit of dandelion.

How does the dandelion fruit disperse? (1) (3) 20. By wind By animal (2) (4) By splitting By water ( Below is a developing plant. Which of the following best identifies the substances that are transported from the roots to the leaves and from the leaves to the developing fruit? )

(1) (2) (3) (4) 21.

Roots to leaves Dissolved mineral water Food Water Water

Leaves to developing fruit Starch Dissolved mineral salts Glucose Oxygen ( )

Below is a flower with different labeled parts.

Which parts of the flower form the female reproductive organs of the flower?

(1) (3)

A and C only. A, C and E only.

(2) (4)

B and F only. A, C, D and E only. ( )

80

22.

Study the diagram below carefully.

A
provides light energy for B to carry out X

provides oxygen for C to carry out Y

when it dies, it is broken down by D Z produces nutrients, water and carbon dioxide that are useful to B

produces waste which is broken

Which of the following processes correspond to X, Y and Z? (1) (2) (3) (4) 23. X Respiration Decomposition Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Y Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Respiration Decomposition Z Decomposition Respiration Decomposition Respiration ( Below is a cross section of a flower. )

If part D is removed, seeds can still be produced by the flower. However, if we remove part B, no seed will be produced. Why is it so? (1) Because part D has no function (2) Because part B is connected to part at all. C. (3) Because fertilization depends on (4) Because pollination occurs at part part B. B. ( ) 81

24.

The picture below shows the underside of a leaf during the day when the plant is photosynthesizing.

During photosynthesis, substance Z is produced and transported to P. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true? A. P could be root. B. Z is glucose. C. Gas X is also produced during nighttime. D. Gas Y is needed by the leaf during nighttime. (1) A only (2) A and B only (3) B and C only (4) A, B, C and D ( 25. ) With regards to the decomposition process, which statement is true? (1) During decomposition, oxygen is (2) Water is produced during produced. decomposition. (3) Food is broken down into (4) Decomposition can take place with bacteria, caterpillars and fungi. smaller substances during decomposition. ( ) Which statement is true about pollen grains? (1) (3) The pollen grains are produced by the stigma. Only the pollen grain passes the inherent trails to the offspring. (2) (4) A pollen grain will fuse with the seed during fertilization. When a pollen grain lands on the stigma, pollination will occur. ( )

26.

82

27.

Which of the following cycle best describes the life-cycles of a birds nest fern? (1) Adult fern Young fern (2) Adult fern Young fern (3) Young Fern Spore (4) Young Fern Spore ( ) Adult Fern Seed Adult Fern Fruit Seed Spore

28.

The table below states different parts of plants and their functions respectively. Which combination is not correct? Plant part Function (1) Leaf Gives off excess water (2) Flower Germinates and grows into seedling (3) Root Holds the plants firmly to the ground (4) Stem Transport water and nutrients to other parts of the plant. ( )

83

29.

Observe a birds nest fern and a mushroom as below.

How is the birds nest fern different from a mushroom? Birds nest fern Mushroom (1) It has flowers It has no flowers. (2) It feeds on dead animals It feeds on dead plants. (3) It reproduces from seeds It reproduces by spores. (4) It needs sunlight to grow It does not need sunlight to grow ( 30. The diagram below shows a plant cell under a microscope.

Where in the cell does photosynthesis take place? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D ( )

84

Mock Paper D (Cycles) Paper 2 Section B: For questions 31 to 46, write the answers in the spaces provided. (40 marks) 31. Amy poured some water into a transparent bottle and sealed the mouth of the bottle. Then she marked the water level on the surface of the bottle with a permanent marker before putting the bottle into the freezer and left it there for an hour. What change would Amy observe in the water level in the bottle after taking it out? Why? [2]

32.

Below is the water cycle. Rain Water bodies such as the sea, rivers and lakes A C Water vapor

B Clouds a)

Describe what happens during the processes represented by arrows A, B, and C. [2]

b)

What is the importance of the water cycle for all the living things on Earth? [1]

85

33.

Tom took some ice cubes out of the refrigerator and heated them up. He recorded the temperature of the ice cubes for ten minutes before it boiled. Then he removed the heat source and continued recording the temperature of the water until it reached the room temperature. Tom noted that the temperature of the ice cubes remained constant when it reached 0C before rising again, and later when it reached 100C before dropping to 25C. Why is that so? [2]

34.

In the below experiment, an equal number of fish were put into two different tanks. The fish were fed with sufficient food during the experiment.

a)

The result was recorded in the following table. Observation in tank A Observation in tank B Day 1 Fish swimming actively Fish staying inactive Day 2 Fish swimming actively ? What will happen to the fish in tank B on day 2? [1]

b)

Justify your answer with reason. [2]

86

35.

The diagram below shows the male and female reproductive systems.

Shade the part that contains the immature female reproductive cells. [1] Mark an X at the place where the sperms are produced. [1] 36. Study the two flowers below.

Which flower is most likely to be pollinated by animals? Give at least 2 reasons for your answer. [3]

87

37.

Alice took a large piece of ice from the freezer and weighed it. The weight was 250g. She placed the ice in a container and heated the container over the stove for 15 minutes. She then weighed the water, by subtracting the weight of the container with water in it minus that of the empty container, which she was told was 500g. She found that the water weighed 150g. Alice concluded that her Science teacher had not been too accurate in her teachings. When ice melts, both its volume and mass change.

a)

Is Alice correct? Explain your answer. [2]

b)

Alice placed the container with the water back into the freezer, so that it will turn back to ice. What is the weight of the ice? [1]

38.

Below are some of the stages of a flower in its life cycle, which are not arranged in the correct order.

a)

Rearrange the pictures in the correct order. [1]

b)

If the flower is not colorful, how can it attract pollinators to itself? [1]

88

39.

Liquid X turns from violet to colorless in the presence of carbon dioxide. Jane wanted to confirm that carbon dioxide is required by hydrilla during photosynthesis. She put some liquid X into flask A, then she exhaled into the liquid until it was colorless. The set-up left in a dark box, as shown below.

a)

Janes teacher told her that her experiment would not achieve its objective. Why is it so? [1]

b)

Janes teacher also told her to set up another set-up that was identical to the first except that Jane must not exhale into it. What was the purpose of setting up the second set-up? [2]

89

40.

The graph below shows the relationship between the amount of water loss and the surface area of leaves. Amount of water loss (cm3) Surface area of leaves (cm2)

a)

From the information in the graph, explain how cacti are able to survive in the desert. [1]

b)

Will this plant be able to survive in the same habitat as a cactus? Justify your answer with reason. [2]

90

41.

Study the two graphs below. Graph A shows the relationship between the amount of water loss and the weight of water loss of leaves. Graph B shows the relationship between the amount of water loss and the surface area of leaves.

Amount of water loss (cm3) Weight of water loss of leaves (g) Graph A

Amount of water loss (cm3) Surface area of leaves (cm2) Graph B

From the information in Graphs A and B, explain how the surface area of leaves affects the weight of water loss in plants. [2]

42.

An experiment of 2 set-ups was carried out to determine the effect of muddy water on the rate of photosynthesis in aquatic plants. Beaker A contained clean water, Beaker B contained muddy water. Similar plants were placed in each beaker and left in the same place with strong sunlight. The amount of oxygen collected in each beaker was recorded at regular intervals. The amount of oxygen collected in Beaker B was plotted in the graph below. On the same graph, draw a line for Beaker A. [2]

91

43.

Sarah conducted an experiment to find out the volume of water taken by a plant. A young plant was placed in Cylinder A, and another identical plant was placed in Cylinder B. Cylinder C was also set up as a control.

a)

The experiment was carried out in two days. The volume of water in each cylinder was recorded at the beginning and at the end of the experiment as in the table below. Volume of water Beginning End A 2000 1350 B 2000 1250 C 2000 1500 Explain the difference in the amount of water left in measuring Cylinders A and B at the end of the experiment. [1]

b)

Why was Cylinder C set up as a control? [1]

c)

Suggest one way for Sarah to improve the experiment so that she would not need to use Cylinder C as a control. [1]

92

44.

The diagram below shows the cross section of a flower.

Which of the parts of the flower perform similar functions to those of human? [2] Similarities Reproductive organs in human Reproductive parts in a flower Testes a. Ovary b.

45.

On a beach, people can observe different plants growing in a particular pattern as shown below.

What is the dispersion method for each of the plants? [2]

93

46.

Below are fruits of two different plants.

a)

What is the dispersion method of A and B respectively? [1]

b)

Justify your answer with a reason. [2]

94

Mock Paper E (Cycles) Paper 1 Duration: 1 hr 30 min Section A: For each question 1 to 30 four options are given. One of them is the correct answer. Make your choice (1, 2, 3, or 4) and write the number corresponding to the correct option in the bracket provided. (60 Marks) 1. The table below shows groups of fruits/seeds with different methods of dispersal. Group A Shorea Sycamore Group B Flame of the Forest Balsam Group C Mangrove Lotus

Can you tell which of the following set of fruits/seeds does not match the classification table below? (1) (2) (3) (4) 2. Group A Lalang Cupids Shaving Brush Dandelion Angsana Group B Rubber Mimosa fruit Saga Rain Tree Group C Coconut Sea Almond Water-lily Pong Pong ( Two pupils, Aaron and Kate, were asked to classify 4 different fruits. The tables below show how Aaron and Kate classified some fruits into 2 categories: Aarons classification: Group X Group Y Chilli Coconut Love grass Sea almond Kates classification: Group X Group Y Love grass Chilli Sea almond Coconut How did the two pupils group the fruits? Aarons classification Kates classification (1) Whether they have any poisonous Whether they are edible parts (2) The way the seeds are dispersed Whether they produce flowers (3) Whether they have any poisonous Whether the produce flowers parts (4) The way the seeds are dispersed Whether they are edible ( )

95

3.

A pupil studied some flowers and listed their distinctive features. Flower A B C D E Distinctive features Pink, has sticky pollen grains Has blue markings, produces sweet nectar Purplish colour, smells like rotting flesh Large feathery stigmas hang out of the flower Green, grows in clusters, has no petals

Which of the above flowers are likely to be wind-pollinated? (1) (3) 4. A and C only D and E only (2) (4) B, C and D only A, D and E only ( Carefully examine the movement of pollen grains in the following diagram. )

In order for a flower to be fertilized, which of the arrows are in the correct direction? (1) (3) A and B only A, B and C only (2) (4) C and D only A, B, C and D ( )

96

5.

Which diagram correctly describes the life-cycle of a flowering plant? (1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

97

6.

In order to grow some new crops, Mr. Tan ploughed his field and tried to kill all the wild weeds and plants growing in it. He did not do a good job as some kinds of plants were left behind at the edge of the field (as shown in the diagram). Plant X wind direction Plant X: Seeds are scattered by wind. Plant Y: Seeds are scattered by explosive mechanism. Plant Z: Fleshy fruits and seeds are scattered by animals. However, an unexpected event happened and he had to leave the soil alone for one year. When he came back, the field was full of these 3 plants. Which of the following diagrams is the most likely representation of how the three different types of plants had grown on his field? (1) (2) Plant Y Plant Z

(3)

(4)

( 7. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of reproduction of a flowering plant?

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

98

8.

Study the pictures below carefully.

Based on your observations, what are the similarities between these two plants? A. Both are stems. B. Both are used to reproduce new plants. C. Both develop underground. (1) A only (2) B and C only (3) A and B only (4) A, B and C ( 9. Which of the following statements are true? A. All flowers have male and female parts. B. Only flowering plants reproduce from seeds. C. The ovary is present in the female part of the flower. D. Pollen grains are produced by the male part of the flower. (1) (3) 10. A and B only B, C and D only (2) (4) C and D only A, B, C and D ( John wanted to find out whether light played a role in seed germination. While keeping other conditions unchanged and favorable for germination, he placed container A in a cupboard and container B near the window of a room. What is expected to be seen after 1 week? (1) (3) Only the seeds in container A will germinate. The seeds in both containers will germinate. (2) (4)

Only the seeds in container B will germinate. The seeds in both containers will not germinate. ( )

99

11.

Three pupils studied the reproduction methods of two organisms, A and B, as show below

Organism A

Organism B

They recorded their observations in their Science workbooks. Which of these three pupils made the correct statement(s)? A. Both the offsprings of organisms A and B have better resistance against bacteria than their parents. B. The offsprings of organism B is not likely to produce better fruits than its parents. C. Both the offsprings of organisms A and B are genetically identical to their parents. (1) (3) 12. A only A and B only (2) (4) B only B and C only ( The two flowers below belong to different species. By accident, some pollen grains from flower A fell onto the stigma of flower B as shown. )

What will happen after a week? (1) A pollen tube will grow down the style of flower B. (3) The petals of flower B will wither.

(2) (4)

No changes to the petals of B. The ovary of flower B will be swollen. (

100

13.

The picture below shows part of a potato plant.

Which of the following are the functions of part X? A. To take in water for the plant B. To help the plant to reproduce C. To take in nutrients from the soil D. To store excess food made by the plant (1) (3) 14. A and C only B and C only (2) (4) A and D only B and D only ( Below is a cross section of a flower. )

This flower is pollinated by insects. What part of the flower acts as attractor to insects? (1) (3) 15. A C (2) (4) B D ( Some vegetables and weeds are growing together in a garden. It is obvious that the vegetables have to compete with the weeds for many essential factors. However, there is one thing that they need not compete with the weeds for. What is it? (1) (3) Water Space (2) (4) Nutrients Oxygen ( 101 ) )

16.

Three plants, P, Q and R are found along a river bank as shown.

The fruits of the plants, R, Q and R, are shown below.

How will the young plants be located in relation to their parents a year later?

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

102

17.

Below is a picture of a potato plant. Which functions does the stem perform? A. Storage of food for the plant. B. Assistance for the reproduction process. C. Holding of the plant into the ground. D. Support of the branches and leaves of the plants.

(1) (3) 18.

A and C only A, B, and D only

(2) (4)

B and D only A, B, C and D. ( )

Which of the following statements about human reproduction is false? (1) Fertilisation occurs inside the (2) The fertilised egg further divides female body. to produce more cells. (3) Many sperms are needed to (4) The young develops inside the fertilise one egg. womb after fertilisation. ( ) The family tree below shows members of Johns family who have Disease X and those who do not. People who carry the genetic materials that cause Disease X will grow an extra finger or toe.

19.

Which of the following conclusion can be drawn from the above family tree? A) Johns mother inherited the genes of Disease X from her maternal grandfather. B) The genes of Disease X are passed on only to the female members of the family. C) There is a possibility of Johns sister bearing a son with Disease X. D) The son of a female Disease X carrier will also be a carrier of Disease X. (1) A and C only (2) C and D only (3) A and D only (4) A, B and C only ( )

103

20.

Why do plants scatter their seeds? Choose the most appropriate reason(s): A. To obtain more oxygen. B. To reduce overcrowding. C. To obtain sufficient sunlight and nutrients. D. To produce flowers of better quality. E. To protect the fruits from hungry animals. (1) (3) A and B only A, B and C only (2) (4) B and C only A, C, D and E only ( )

21.

The table below shows the fur colours that the offsprings of cats inherited from their parents with various fur colors. Fur color Parents Offsprings Female white Female Male black yellow Male black Female black Female black Female black or yellow or yellow or yellow Male all white Male all Male all white yellow Female white Male white Female black Male black Female all black Male all black

Based on the information above, which one of the following statements about the inheritance of fur colours of cat is true? (1) (3) Male offsprings inherit their fur color from their mother. Yellow-furred female cat can only have yellow-furred offsprings. (2) (4) Fur color of male offsprings is determined by the male parent. Parents with the same fur colour can only have offsprings of the same fur color. ( )

22.

Look at Kates family tree. Which one of the following statement(s) about Kates family is/are true?

(1) (3)

Kate has 2 aunts. Kate has 1 brother and 1 sister.

(2) (4)

Kate has only 5 uncles. Kates mother has a brother. (

104

23.

The table below records some of the characteristics of Kims parents. Which of the following characteristics can Kim inherit from her parents? Characteristics Mother Father Height Short Tall Hair Straight and fair Wavy and brown Dimples No dimples No dimples Skin tone Fair Dark Nose Flat Flat Tall, dark and short hair (2) Short, dark with sharp nose Tall, fair and wavy fair hair (4) Tall, sharp nose and with dimples ( )

(1) (3) 24.

Jean wanted to find out if the amount of water affects the growth of green bean plants. She planted 3 green bean plants of same size in three pots A, B and C. The three pots were put in the same location in the garden. POT A POT B POT C Material of pot Plastic Plastic Plastic Type of soil Garden soil Sandy soil Clayey soil Size of pot 1500cm3 1000cm3 500cm3 Amount of water 200cm3 100cm3 250cm3 Jeans teacher told her that the experiment was not a fair one. Why was her experiment not fair? A. The amount of soil in the pot was different. B. The type of soil in each pot was different. C. The amount of water for each pot was different. D. The amount of sunlight for each pot was different. (1) A only (2) D only (3) A and B only (4) C and D only ( Mosquitoes are carriers of malaria. The diagram shows the life cycle of a mosquito. Which group contains animals that have a similar life cycle to the mosquito?

25.

(1) (3)

Spider, housefly, termites Cotton weevil, beetle, dragonfly

(2) (4)

Grasshopper, goldfish, butterfly Mealworm beetle, moth, fruit fly ( )

105

26.

Sue wanted to find out the effect of conditions of water on the population of water snails. She poured different types of water into four aquariums; put the same number of snails into the water. One week later, she recorded her observations over a week.

Which tank would have the most number of water snails after one week? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D ( 27. Which of the following actions are examples of reusing water? A. Using rinsing water from the washing machine to wash the floor. B. Doing the laundry when the load is full. C. Watering plants with water that had been used to rinse rice. D. Removing waste material from water for use of other purposes. (1) A and B only (2) A and C only (3) B and D only (4) A, B, C and D ( 28. Which of the following set-ups allows water to flow through the fastest? ) )

(1) (3)

A C

(2) (4)

B D ( )

106

29.

A bowl contained 300 g of water. 50 g of sugar was placed in the bowl of water and stirred until it dissolved completely. After two days, it was found that only 310 g of the solution was left in the bowl. What was in the solution? (1) 310 g of sugar (2) 260 g of water and 50 g of sugar. (3) 310 g of water (4) 300 g of water and 10 g of sugar ( ) Which properties of water will change when it is frozen? A. State B. Mass C. Volume D. Temperature (1) (3) A, B and C only B, C and D only (2) (4) A, C and D only A, B, C and D ( )

30.

107

Mock Paper E (Cycles) Paper 2 Section B: For questions 31 to 46, write the answers in the spaces provided. (40 marks) 31. A classification chart of fruits is shown below

a)

Based on the given information, list two characteristics of a pong pong fruit. [1]

b)

Can you give one example of A and B? [2]

32.

This is the cross-section of a flower.

a)

State the name and function of the two labeled parts, A and B. [2]

108

b)

If we removed the A-labeled parts, could the flower be pollinated and fertilized? Explain your answer. [1]

33.

Below are two flowers of different plants.

Based on your observation, can you tell whether each statement about A and B is True, False or Not possible to tell. [2] Statement (1) (2) (3) (4) After fertilization, flower A can develop into a fruit, while flower B cannot. Both flowers have male parts. Flower A comes from a orchid. Both flowers can be pollinated by bees. True False Not possible to tell

109

34.

In order to find the essential conditions for germination, a pupil carry out an experiment under different conditions. The results were recorded in the table below. Pot A B C D E Light Water Air Temperature (oC) 25 5 25 25 25 Result Root and shoot grew No change observed No change observed Root and shoot grew No change observed

a)

What are the essential conditions for germination? [1]

b)

What will happen to the plants in the pots if they are left in the same conditions as shown on the table for 3 weeks? Explain your answer. [2]

35.

An experiment on photosynthesis was carried out. A leaf of a plant was enclosed in a flask as shown below. The plant was left in the dark for 2 days, and exposed to sunlight for 8 hours after that.

a)

Study the diagram carefully. Which part of the plant acted as the control? [1]

110

b)

After 8 hours, the leaf was tested for starch. What happens to the iodine solution used to test for starch at Part A, B, and C? [1]

36.

Anna set up an experiment as shown below. A young plant was placed in an opaque box with a hole at one side. She also placed a water dispenser in the pot which dispensed water into the soil at regular intervals. The box was place in the garden. At the beginning of the experiment

a)

Why did Anna place a wooden stick in the pot? [1]

111

b)

After 5 weeks

After 5 weeks, she opened the box and found the plant in the above position. Give an explanation for her observation at the end of the experiment. [1]

37.

The diagram below shows a flower of plant A

Based on the diagram, what can you conclude about the method of pollination of the flower? [1] What are the characteristics that prove your answer in (a)? [1]

112

38.

Observe the potato plant below and give 2 reasons why it cannot grow well in the desert. [2]

39.

Study the chart below

Parts of a ginger plant

Can it be used for reproduction? No Does it contain chlorophyll? Yes A B No C Yes Is it underground? Yes

What can be A, B and C? [3] A: B: C:

113

40.

Below is a fruit of dandelion.

a)

Which characteristic of the fruit helps it to disperse? [1]

b)

How does the part in (a) helps the fruit to disperse? [1]

41.

The picture below shows a mushroom and a fern.

a)

What is one similarity between the fern and the mushroom? [1]

b)

What is one difference between the fern and the mushroom? [1]

114

42.

Look at the table below carefully. Male sex cells Female sex cells Animals A Eggs Plants Pollen B

a)

What are A and B? [1]

b)

What are the organs in animals that produce the male sex cells and eggs respectively? [2]

43.

David and John were given 3 different types of liquid. Their teacher asked them to find out which type of liquid takes most of the time to evaporate. In order to carry out the experiment, they poured the liquid into the containers and left them next to each other in the garden. The set-ups are illustrated as below.

a) b)

Which set-up took the longest time to evaporate? Why? [1] Their teacher told them it was not a fair test? Why is it so? [2]

115

44.

In a class experiment, Sarah was asked to make ice cream. She was given a cup of wiped cream, a bag of ice and another bag of salt. She was told that the wiped cream will turn into yummy ice-cream if she is able to keep mixture at -6oC for about 15 minutes. There is no freezer in the classroom. Figure out a way for Sarah to make the ice cream. [2]

a)

b)

Explain the reason behind your setup. [1]

45.

Study the diagram below.

a)

Arrange following set-ups from the shortest to the longest time for water to flow through the funnel. [1]

b)

Justify your answer. [2]

116

46.

An experiment was conducted to study the rate of evaporation of water placed in different containers with different exposed surface areas. 80 ml of water was poured into each container.

The amount of water left was recorded at regular intervals. The containers were left in an open space. The results were plotted as below.

Amount of water (ml)

Container _____________ Container _____________ Container _____________

Time (days) a) b) Complete the graph above with the correct label. [1] What conclusions can be drawn from the experiment? [2]

117

Mock Paper F (Cycles) Paper 1 Duration: 1 hr 30 min Section A: For each question 1 to 30 four options are given. One of them is the correct answer. Make your choice (1, 2, 3, or 4) and write the number corresponding to the correct option in the bracket provided. (60 Marks) 1. What are some possible characteristics of fruits that are dispersed by men and animals? A: The fruits or seeds have wing-like structures. . B: The fruits are fleshy and juicy. C: The fruits have a fibrous husk. D: The seeds have hooks. (1) (3) 2. A and C only B, C and D only (2) (4) B and D only A, B, C and D ( A pupil studied some flowers and described them Flower A B C D E Description White, has sticky pollen grains Large and light stigmas hanging out of the flower Green, grows in clusters, has no petals Large pink petals, faces upwards Has blue markings, produces sweet nectar )

Which of the above flowers can be pollinated by animals? (1) (3) 3. B and C only D and E only (2) (4) A, B and C only A, D and E only ( )

Which of the following factors is necessary for seedlings to grow into healthy plants? A: Light B: Space C: Wind (1) A and B only (2) A and C only (3) B and C and D only (4) A, B and D only ( )

118

4.

The table below provides information on four plants (A, B, C and D) based on their characteristics. A tick () indicates that the plant possesses the characteristics. CHARACTERISTICS Bear fruits Grows in water A PLANTS B C D

From the given information, where do plants B, C belong in the following diagram?

(1) (2) (3) (4) 5.

Plant B M N O P

Plant C O M P M ( )

Which of the following statements is/are false about sexual reproduction? A) B) C) D) (1) (3) It involves the fusion of the egg and the sperm in the uterus. Sexual reproduction takes place in all living things. It will result in genetic variations in the offspring. The resulting offspring will develop fully in the mothers womb before being born. A and C only (2) A, B and D only A, B and C only (4) A, B, C and D ( )

6.

The shorea is small, light and possesses wing-like structures. It is dispersed by (1) wind. (2) animals. (3) water. (4) splitting. (

119

7.

What is the advantage when plants reproduce from other plant parts? (1) The plants can self-pollinate. (2) The offspring are pest-resistant. The offspring grows at a slower There is no need for fertilisation to (4) (3) rate. take place. ( ) Study the pictures below.

8.

What is the similarity between these plants in the way they reproduce? (1) (3) 9. They contain chlorophyll. They reproduce by spores. (2) (4) They feed on decaying matter. They are non-flowering organisms. ( )

Four seeds or fruits were studied and the results are shown below. Seed/Fruit A B C D Weight Light Heavy Light Light Size Small Big Small Small Other characteristics - Inedible - Has fluffy hair - Edible - Has husk - Edible - Is a pod - Inedible - Has stiff hair

Which is the most appropriate mode of dispersion of each seed or fruit? (1) (2) (3) (4) A Animals Splitting Wind Water B Water Animals Water Animals C Wind Water Splitting Wind D Splitting Wind Animals Splitting ( )

120

10.

Trees can be reproduced by a process called stem-cutting. The picture below shows a tree going under this process

Three years ago, Mrs. Goh planted two rambutan trees A and B. She grew Tree A from a seed. Tree B was grown from a stem-cutting with a height of 0.5m. A graph was plotted to show the growth of these two trees, A and B from the time they were planted until they flowered. Which one of the graphs most likely shows the growth of trees A and B?

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

121

11.

What are some reasons that plants disperse their seeds? A: To prevent overcrowding. B: competition for light C: competition for oxygen D: competition for mineral salts (1) (3) A and B only B, C and D only (2) (4) B and D only A, B and D ( )

12.

Arrange the following stages of reproduction of plants in chronological order A The pollen grains form a pollen tube down the style into the ovary. B The seeds are dispersed C The anther releases pollen grains. D The pollen grain fuses with the ovule E The pollen grains land on the stigma. (1) C, A, E, D, B (2) E, A, D, B, C (3) B, C, D, E, A (4) C, E, A, D, B (

13.

When observing a big tree, Jean noticed that more leaves stayed at the higher branches. Why is it so? Choose the most correct explanation. (1) The leaves will be able to (2) The leaves will be exposed more to provide more shade for the root. the sun; therefore, photosynthesis will be facilitated. (3) The leaves will be able to catch (4) The leaves will be able to get more more water if it rains. carbon dioxide to carry out photosynthesis. ( ) The chart below shows how some vegetables were classified. Vegetables

14.

Reproduce from underground stems Ginger Palm African tulip

Reproduce from leaves Begonia Bryophyllum Onion

Reproduce from roots Carrot Radish Yam

Which of the following groups of plants were wrongly classified? (1) Ginger, bryophyllum, radish. (2) Palm, onion, yam, African tulip. (3) Onion, begonia, carrot. (4) Carrot, African tulip, radish. ( ) 122

15.

Which of the following produces eggs in the female adult? (1) testes (2) ovary (3) penis (4) Uterus ( ) Alex grew 2 plants in 2 containers, A and B, as shown below.

16.

After a few days, she observed a change in the containers as shown below.

What can be concluded from the experiment above? (1) Roots grow towards water. (2) Leaves grow towards sunlight. (3) (4) Plants need carbon dioxide to Plants need oxygen to grow. grow. ( 17. During a field trip, Sammy noticed two plants, X and Y. She took a photo of both as shown below.

Based on your observation of both plants, what do plants X and Y have in common? (1) They have weak stems. (2) They are adapted to make food. (3) They reproduce by spores. (4) They are harmful to the tree they grow on. ( ) 123

18.

Kate was told to find out the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. She conducted an experiment and the results were shown below. Temperature (oC) 10 3 Volume of oxygen received (cm ) 7 15 20 25 40 35 28 40 5

From the experiment and the results, can you determine which of the following graphs best describes the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis? (1) (2)

(3)

(4)

( 19. The amount of dissolved oxygen in water will change over time as shown in the following graph. Amount of dissolved oxygen in the water

X
x
Time

What has happened from X to Y that caused an increase in the amount dissolved oxygen? A. An increase in light intensity in the water. B. An increase in carbon dioxide in the water. C. A decrease in carbon dioxide in the water. D. A decrease in light intensity in the water. (1) C and D only (2) B and D only (3) A and C only (4) A and B only (

124

20.

The diagram below shows a plant and a picture of its leaf.

Why is the plant where the leaf comes from unable to survive in the desert? (1) (3) Because its green leaves can photosynthesize. Because its large leaves lose water easily. (2) (4) Because the leaves with net vein patterns can retain water. Because its waxy leaves make the water flow off them. ( )

21.

Some organisms are being classified based on their reproductive methods.

Which one of the following set is the correct reproductive methods for all A, B, C and D? (1) (2) (3) (4) A Budding Budding Cell Division Cell Division B Cell Division Cell Division Budding Budding C Laying eggs Giving birth Laying eggs Giving birth D Giving birth Laying eggs Giving birth Laying eggs ( )

125

22.

Study the diagram below. What are A and B? Which organs are they come from in our body?

(1) (2) (3) (4) 23.

A sperm egg sperm egg

Where A is produced penis ovaries testes womb

B sperm egg egg sperm

Where B is produced testes womb ovaries testes (

This is a developing foetus in a mothers womb. Which of the following statements about cord X are true? A. It connects the foetus to the mother. B. It is where the fertilization takes place. C. Waste from the foetus is passed out through the cord. D. It carries food and oxygen from the mother to the foetus. (1) (3) A and B only. A and C only. (2) (4) B and C only. A and D only. ( )

24.

Which group of trails can be passed from generation to generation? (1) Dimples, ability to roll tongue (2) Height, length of hair and shape of and length of fingernail. earlobes. (3) Color blindness, fingerprints and (4) Shape of earlobes, ability to roll skin color. tongue and color blindness. ( )

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25.

What is/are the difference(s) between internal and external fertilization? Internal fertilization External fertilization A The sperms and the ovum meet The sperms and the ovum meet inside the females body. outside the females body. B Fertilization and development Fertilization and development of of the eggs occurs outside the the eggs occurs inside the females body. females body. C The female does not lay eggs. The female lays eggs. D Development of the embryos is Development of the embryos is inside the mothers body. outside the mothers body. (1) (3) A only B and C only (2) (4) A and C only A and D only ( )

26.

Study Alice and Janes family tree

Legend SEye Single eyelid AEar Attached earlobes CHair Curly hair Dim Dimples

DEye Double eyelid DEar Detached earlobes SHair Straight hair

Jane and Alice share some common characteristics. These characteristics are found either in their parents or in their grandparents. What do Jane and Alice have in common? (1) (3) Attached earlobes and straight hair. Double eyelid and attached earlobes. (2) (4) Single eyelid and detached earlobes. Curly hair, attached earlobes, single eyelids (

127

27.

James took water from 3 different parts of a river and filled it into 3 different beakers. He then placed 10 fish and a same amount of hydrilla into each beaker. During the experiment, same amount of food was given to the fish at the same time. The three beakers were placed in the same place. He recorded the number of fish in each beaker after 20 days. Water source Part A of the river Part B of the river Part C of the river Number of fish left after 20 days 10 5 2

Why was the number of surviving fish different for different parts of the river? (1) (3) They did not have enough food. They did not have enough oxygen. (2) (4) Some parts of the river were polluted. Some fish were eaten up by other fish. ( )

28.

The water cycle is described as below.

What supplies water with the energy needed to complete the cycle? (1) Land (2) Clouds (3) Sun (4) Sea ( )

128

29.

Arrange following set-ups from the shortest to the longest time for water to pass through the tunnel.

(1) (3) 30.

A, D, C, B. B, D, C, A.

(2) (4)

B, C, A, D. A, C, D, B. ( )

A bowl contained 300 g of water. A 30 g of sugar was placed in the bowl of water and stirred until it dissolved completely.

After two days, it was found that only 310 g of the solution was left in the bowl. What was in the solution? (1) 310 g of sugar. (2) 280 g of water and 30 g of sugar. (3) 310 g of water. (4) 300 g of water and 10 g of sugar. (

129

Mock Paper F (Cycles) Paper 2 Section B: For questions 31 to 46, write the answers in the spaces provided. (40 marks) 31. When slowly putting a hollow cylinder A in a basin, Paul had the following observation. He then slowly put another similar-sized empty inverted cylinder B with holes at its base to the basin. What is the water level observed? Draw the answer in the diagram below. [2]

32.

a)

An experiment was conducted to demonstrate a property of air using three plastic cups A, B and C. There was a hole in each of the plastic cups B and C. The cups were inverted and forced into the basin. Draw the correct water level for cup B in the diagram below. [1]

b)

What is the property of air that was demonstrated in the experiment above? [1]

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33.

Below are two beakers, A and B, which contain 60 ml and 120 ml of water respectively. Both beakers have been left at room temperature for one hour. The temperature of water in both beakers is 29oC. Does the water in both beakers have the same amount of heat? Why? [1]

a)

b)

Compare the time taken to heat both beakers to boiling point. [1]

34.

250 ml of iced water and 250 ml of hot water were placed in two identical bottles. These two bottles were left on the table for 10 minutes. The observation is as illustrated below.

a)

A pupil noticed that water droplets had been formed on different surface of the two bottles. From the observation, can you tell which liquid was placed in each bottle?[1]

b)

Explain clearly how these water droplets were formed on each surface of the bottles X and Y. [2]

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35.

Look at Kates family tree shown below.

Based on the family tree, determine whether the statements are true, false or not possible to tell by putting a tick () in the correct column. [2] True (a) Kate has only one sibling. (b) Kate has 3 aunts and 4 uncles. (c) Kates maternal grandfather has 1 sister and 3 brothers. (d) All of her uncles and aunties are married. False Not possible to tell

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36.

Three different species of plants were selected to study. Their methods of dispersal were determined by the number of seedlings found at different radii from the parent plant.

Species A

Species B

No. of seeds

No. of seeds

Radius (km) Species C

Radius (km)

No. of seeds

Radius (km)

Based on the data collected, what is the possible method of dispersal for each species? [3] A: ________________________________ B: ________________________________ C: ________________________________

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37.

The leaf below has been kept in the dark for some days. At the start of the experiment, it was tested for starch. The result showed that there was no starch in the leaf. Next, the leaf was covered by two different cellophane papers, as shown in the second diagram. .

The plant was then placed in the sun. After 12 hours, the cellophane papers were removed. The leaf was tested for starch again.

a)

Which area, A, B, C or D was starch found? Justify your answer with reason. [2]

b)

What was the aim of the experiment? [1]

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38.

Different stages in the life cycle of a plant are illustrated below.

a)

What are the two compulsory processes connecting stage F and stage A? [1]

b)

What happens to the seed leaves at stage C as the seedling continues to grow further? [1]

c)

Seedlings always have to struggle to grow as resources are limited. What must an adult plant do in order to maximize its chances of having many healthy seedlings? [1]

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39.

Study the open fruit below.

a)

What is its method of dispersion? [1]

b)

Give two reasons why the seeds can be dispersed that way. [2]

40.

An experiment was set up as below. Some young seedlings were placed on the wire gauze base of a sieve. The sieve was then placed on a beaker containing silica gel (a substance used for removing moisture in the air). Finally, the seedlings were covered with moist sawdust and the whole set-up was left in the dark for a few days.

a)

Do you think the young seedlings would grow after a few days? Why? [2]

136

b)

What could be observed about the root after a few days? Why? [1]

41.

This is a picture of a plant cell.

a)

Which part of the cell allows it to perform photosynthesis? Identify and label it A in the picture above. [1]

b)

Peter said that this plant cell came from an onion. Do you agree with Peter? Explain your answer. [1]

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42.

A scientist observed the growth of a green bean and recorded the amount of starch in the bean every day. The result is given in the table

Stage Amount of starch present

Stage 1 0.50g

Stage 2 0.40g

Stage 3 0.30g

Stage 4 0.40g

How important is the labeled-A part to the plant at stage 4? Explain your answer. [2]

43.

Look at the plants below.

What do these two plants have in common in terms of reproductive method? [2]

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44.

Look at the pictures below carefully.

How are the two fruits dispersed? Which physical characteristics of the fruits enable them to be dispersed in that way? [2]

45.

The diagram below shows a flower

a)

Which reproductive organs in humans can perform similar functions as Y and Y in the flower? [2]

b)

Which two processes must occur before a fruit is formed? [1]

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46.

Johnny conducted an experiment to study the rate of evaporation of water placed in different containers with different surface areas. 80 ml of water was poured into each container.

The amount of water left was recorded at regular intervals. The containers were left in an open space. The results were plotted as below.

Container _____________

Amount of water a) b)

Container _____________

Container _____________

Time (days) Complete the graph with the correct label. [1] Which conclusion(s) can one draw from the experiment? [2]

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Suggested Answers
1 2 16 2 2 3 17 4 3 1 18 4 4 4 19 4 5 1 20 4 Mock Paper A (Systems) 6 7 8 9 10 2 4 3 4 4 21 22 23 24 25 2 2 2 1 2 11 2 26 3 12 3 27 3 13 1 28 1 14 2 29 1 15 4 30 2

31 (a) false (b) true (c) true (d) false 32 A: Plant cell found in leaves B: Red blood cell C: Plant cell found in the parts of the plant that do not carry out photosynthesis D: Animal cell 33 (a) I would use genetic engineering. (b) I would focus on A and Y because they are the nucleus of the plant cell and fish cell respectively and thus would contain the chromosomes which contains the genes of the two cells. As the characteristics of an organism are determined by its genes, I would focus on the nucleus so that I could create a new species that contains the genes, and the characteristics, of both the fish and the plant. 34 He can receive blood from blood groups O and B. 35 (a)i Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. (a)ii Veins carry blood from the rest of the body back to the heart. (b)i Arteries generally are more muscular than veins. (b)ii Veins are generally less muscular than arteries 36 Part Name Function A Stomach Produces digestive juices that continue to break down food before sending the partially digested food to the small intestine. B Small intestine Completes the digestion of food and absorbs the digested food into the bloodstreams. D Large intestine Absorbs water and mineral salts. C Anus Gets rid of undigested waste materials. 37 (a) Digestions end in the small intestine. (b) The muscles contract and expand to mix the content of the stomach. 38 (a) Blood vessels C and D contain oxygen-rich blood. (b) Blood vessels A and B contain carbon dioxide-rich blood. 41 39 (a) The balloons represent the lungs and the rubber sheet represents the diaphragm. (b) The lungs move downwards and inwards to force the air out of them while the diaphragm relaxes and curves upwards 40 (a) B2 will light up but B1 and B3 will not. (b) None of the bulbs will light up. (c) B3 will light up but B1 and B2 will not 42

(b) first one brightest. ; (c) last one dimmest.

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43 (a) The rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant increases with the temperature of the water until 35oC. After that, the rate of photosynthesis decreases even though the temperature increases until about 40oC where the rate of photosynthesis remains constant. (b) The organisms might die because they are used to the colder temperatures usually found in the pond and thus cannot adapt to the sudden increase in temperature. 44 (a) B contained the greatest amount of air. (b) The cylinder which contained soil B had the most water left in it as soil B could absorb the least water of all three types of soil. This is because the trapped air in soil B took up the most space and the water that was flowing in could not displace the air and thus could not be absorbed. As air can be compressed to a certain limit, a little of the water could flow in but the others could not. This shows that soil B retained the most air. 45 The ink droplet will move slightly towards point X. This is because the geminating seed would use up oxygen and produce carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is absorbed by the chemical, and therefore reduces the amount of gas in the tube. 46 Photosynthesis and respiration enable a balance in the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the surrounding air as respiration gives out carbon dioxide, which is used for photosynthesis, which in turn gives out oxygen, which can be used for respiration, thus enabling the plant to survive in a closed environment. 1 2 16 4 31 2 1 17 2 3 3 18 2 4 2 19 1 5 1 20 1 Mock Paper B (Systems) 6 7 8 9 10 4 2 1 3 3 21 22 23 24 25 4 3 3 2 4 11 1 26 3 12 1 27 3 13 2 28 2 14 3 29 2 15 3 30 4

32 33

34

35 36 37

39 40

All the factors that enable the plant to photosynthesize are present. The glass bottle is transparent and allows light to pass through so that the leaves can trap light. The soil is moist so there is sufficient water for the plant to absorb, furthermore, the plant will lose water through respiration which replenishes the water in the bottle. The earthworms and snails respire and give out carbon dioxide for the plant to take in for photosynthesis. Thus, the plant managed to survive for a long time. A: Respiration; B: Photosynthesis; C: Respiration; D: Decomposition The fish need oxygen to survive, but after a few days there was not enough oxygen in Bowl A because the fish had been taking it in for respiration and gave out carbon dioxide. So, they swam near to the surface to get more oxygen. However, the fish in Bowl B had enough oxygen because there was an air pump in their tank that replenished the oxygen in the water so they did not have to go to the surface. (a) The greater the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, the lesser the number of gill beats. (b) When there is more oxygen in the water, the fish can take in more oxygen with every gill beat, however, when there is less oxygen, the fish take s in less oxygen with every gill beat and thus has to increase its number of gill beats to take in sufficient oxygen. (a) Next to the battery, either at the top or bottom. (b) Bulbs A, B, and C will not be affected and will continue to light up. C-D and any of the following two pairs A-B, A-D and B-D. 38 (a) X, Y and Z are electrical conductors. (a) Material B is most suitable for making (b) W is an electrical insulator. a lightning conductor. (c) Four bulbs will light up. (b) Material C is most suitable for making a covering for electrical wires The there bulbs should be connected in parallel, not in series. Part A is the nose, which allows air to enter and leave the body and contains hair and mucus

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41 42 43

44 45 46

to trap dirt in the air. Part B is the windpipe, which provides a path for air to travel to the lungs. Part C is the lungs, which allows for gaseous exchange in the many tiny air sac by replenishing blood with the oxygen from the inhaled air and passing carbon dioxide to the exhaled air. (a) Digestion of Food B was mostly carried out in the stomach. (b) Food A is most likely a hamburger, Food B most likely a biscuit, and Food C most likely soup. At Cut 1, the water in the inner parts of the stem (the xylem) is coloured blue but at Cut 2, the water in the xylem remains colourless. (a) The blood in K finally returns to the heart. (b) The blood in M is rich in oxygen but does not have much carbon dioxide in it but the blood in K is rich in carbon dioxide but does not have oxygen in it. (c) P is the capillary and its function is to let the oxygen from oxygenated blood pass through its walls to the cells for them to have enough oxygen to carry out respiration and to let the carbon dioxide, which is a waste product of respiration, to pass through its walls and into the blood so that the carbon dioxide-rich blood can be carried back to the heart. Its walls are thinner because, unlike the other blood vessels, it must let blood pass through the walls quickly and easily so that the process of circulating blood around the body can be carried out more efficiently (a) C (b) E (c) A (d) B (e) D (a) label the red dot nucleus The cell membrane, which allows certain substances to pass in and out of the cell, did not let T pass out of the cell. (a) B comes form a plant. (b) B are plant cells because they have a cell wall which gives it a rigid shape, unlike A which does not have a cell wall and thus does not have a rigid shape. 2 3 17 4 3 2 18 1 4 3 19 3 5 2 20 3 6 2 21 2 Mock Paper C (Systems) 7 8 9 10 1 1 4 2 22 23 24 25 4 2 4 3 11 3 26 2 12 4 27 2 13 3 28 1 14 2 29 3 15 4 30 3

1 1 16 1 31

32 33

(a) C, because C is the cell wall that supports and gives the plant cell its rigid shape, but is not present in animal cells. (b) It is able to make food because of the small green chloroplasts found in the cell that contain chlorophyll to trap sunlight, enabling the cell to carry out photosynthesis and make food. No, she is not correct because the Chlamydomonas has a cell wall and chloroplasts, which is found only in plant cells but not in animal cells. C, because most of the oxygen in the blood at C would have been used by the cells in the rest of the body and replaced with carbon dioxide before being pumped back to the heart. The cells that the blood pass on its way back to the lungs use up the remaining oxygen while replacing it with carbon dioxide, causing the blood at C to contain the greatest amount of carbon dioxide among the four blood vessels shown in the diagram.

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34

35

36 37

(a) True (b) True (c) True (d) False

(a) Digestion starts in the mouth. (b) Digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream at D. (c) Digested food needs to be carried by the blood to the cells so that they can respire and create energy for the human being to carry out activities such as breathing and walking. 38 A: () () ; B: () (); C: () () B and C; None

39 40 42

(a) It is to test if X is magnetic or non-magnetic. (b) She could stroke X with a magnet and observe if after that X will attract any pieces of iron, cobalt, steel or nickel, which are materials that can be attracted by a magnet. (a) 5 bulbs will still light up. (b) Bulbs A and B (c) Bulbs C and D. B, A, C, D

41

Brighter

Dimmer

43 44

A: Carbon dioxide; B: water; C: oxygen; D: energy (a) Arrow 3 and 4 show the plant undergoing the process of converting light into chemical potential energy (photosynthesis). (b) Sugar or glucose is broken down during respiration, which is the process represented by arrows 5 and 6

45

46 (a)

(a) (b) The pupils should observe that the snails and fish in Set-up B are healthy while the snails and fish in Set-up A are either dying or dead. This is because the hydrilla in Set-up B carries out photosynthesis, taking in the carbon dioxide that the fish and snails breathe out and giving out oxygen. This ensures a continuous supply of oxygen for the fish and snails in Setup B so they survived. However, the fish and snails in Set-up A do not have any hydrilla that helps them replace the carbon dioxide in the water with oxygen, and thus they run out of oxygen and die. (b) She can look at the bulb and see if it lights up. If it does, liquid X is an electrical conductor. She can also feel the sides of the beaker and if they are hot, liquid X is an electrical conductor.

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1 1 16 4 31 32

2 1 17 2

3 2 18 2

4 4 19 1

5 3 20 3

6 2 21 3

Mock Paper D (Cycles) 7 8 9 10 3 1 3 4 22 23 24 25 3 3 2 4

11 2 26 4

12 3 27 1

13 3 28 2

14 3 29 4

15 2 30 4

33 34

35 36 37

38 39

40 41 42

The water level rose, because water expands when it freezes and takes up more space. (a) At C, the water bodies are heated by the sun and the water at the surface gain heat and evaporate, changing to water vapour. At A, the water vapour rises and cools, losing heat and condensing into tiny water droplets which come together and form clouds. At B, more water droplets join the clouds until they are too heavy and so the cloud splits apart and it starts to rain. (b)The water cycle ensures a continuous supply of water to all living thins on Earth as we all need water to survive. At 0C, the melting point of water, the heat supplied is used to melt the ice, and so there is no increase in temperature. Likewise at 100C, the boiling point for water, the heat supplied is used to convert water to steam, and so there is also no increase in temperature. (a) The fish would be inactive or dead. (b) In tank B, the layer of oil prevented any oxygen from dissolving in the water so there was not enough oxygen for the fish to breathe in for respiration. However, in tank a the water was not blocked b a layer of oil so oxygen could dissolve in the water and the fish could survive shade ovary and mark x on testes Flower B. It has brightly coloured petals to attract insects to it. It has a sticky stigma to catch pollen grains easily when they brush against it. The pistil is inside the flower so that insects will brush against it more easily when they go into the flower for nectar. (a) Alice is not correct. Mass does not change when matter changes states. However in her case, the ice had changed into water and on further heating, some had further changed into water vapour and escaped. (b) 150g (a) B A D C (b) It attracts pollinators by giving off a scent/emit fragrance/has a large store of nectar. (a) Photosynthesis will not take place as there was no light source and thus the chlorophyll in the leaves will not be able to trap light for photosynthesis. (b) The purpose of having another set-up, known as the control setup, is to prove that it is the presence of carbon dioxide that causes the plant to photosynthesize, and not some other factor in the environment. (a) Cacti have leaves with small surface area, thus, the amount of water lost is minimized (b) No, because it is not adapted to the desert as it has large leaves and thus will lose a lot of water and die. The greater the surface area of leaves, the greater the weight of water loss in the plants. 43 (a) The leaves in A lose only a little water as the leaves were covered in oil, and therefore the plant took in less water than the plant in B. However, the amount of water also decreased because of evaporation. (b) it is to show how much water is lost through evaporation to show that the rest of the water loss is due to the plant taking in water, and not evaporation or some other factor in the environment.

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(c) She could pour a layer of oil over both Cylinder A and B to prevent evaporation. (a) A (b) B 45 Plant A, B, and C are dispersed by wind/animals, water, and splitting respectively. (a) Plant A is dispersed by animals and Plant B is dispersed by splitting. (b) Plant A has hooks to cling on to the fur of animals which brush past it while the fruit of plant B has lines of separation as well as dry pod-like seeds to enable it to split open more easily. 2 4 17 4 3 3 18 3 4 3 19 2 5 1 20 2 6 4 21 1 Mock Paper E (Cycles) 7 8 9 10 2 4 3 3 22 23 24 25 1 3 3 4 11 4 26 3 12 2 27 2 13 4 28 2 14 1 29 2 15 4 30 2

1 2 16 1 31 32

33 34

35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

(a)A pong-pong fruit is inedible and dispersed by water. (b)A: rambutan B: Angsana (a) A: Anther to produce pollen grains that are used to fertilize the ovule B: Stigma to catch pollen grains from the anthers (b)Yes, because pollen grains from other flowers of the same species could still be brought to the stigma by insects or by wind and fertilize the ovule. (1) False (2)False (3) Not possible to tell (4)True (a)Warmth, water and air is needed for germination. (b)The plants in pots B, C and E will not germinate as the conditions they are in are not suitable for germination. However, the plant in pot A will die because it would have used up all the stored food in the seed leaves but cannot photosynthesize as there is no light. The plant in D will remain healthy as it has all the conditions needed for photosynthesis carbon dioxide, water and light. (a)Part A acted as the control (b)Part A turns from brown to dark blue. Part B and C - remains brown (a)She placed a wooden stick there to support the plant as it grows. (b)The young plant needed sunlight to grow and there was a hole at the side of the box where there was sunlight so the plant grew towards it. (a)I can conclude that the flower is pollinated by wind. (b)The flower is small, the stigma and anthers are pendulous and hang out of the flower. The stigma is also feathery for catching pollen grains in the air. The desert soil is loose and thus is unable to hold the plant. Also, there is little water in the desert but the potato plant has many leaves which lose water quickly. It has many swollen storage stems and thus needs a lot of water but there is hardly any water in the desert. (A)leaf (B)root (C)stem (a)It has some parachute-like structures. (b)The parachute-like structures help the dandelion to be carried away by the wind and allow it to stay in the air for a longer time and travel a longer distance. (a)Both of them reproduce by spores. (b)Fern make their own food during photosynthesis while the mushroom breaks down dead organisms into simpler substances and absorb these substances as food. (a) (A)Sperms (B)Ovules (b) Male sex cells: testes Female sex cells: ovary (a) B, because the water has the smallest exposed surface area, so the rate of evaporation is slower. (b) There is more than one changed variable in their experiment but in a fair test, only one

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45

46

variable is changed. He should use the same type of container and not add salt to any of the liquids. (a) Place the cup of wiped cream in a bucket, and then put ice all around it. Add salt to the ice. (b) When salt is added to ice, the melting point of the ice is lower. 10% of salt will lower it to about -6oC. (a)B > D > C> A (b)As there is air in each beaker and air takes up space, when pouring the water in, there must be a passage for air to escape so that the water coming in can displace the air otherwise the air will be trapped and there will be no space for the water which is being poured in so the water will flow in more slowly. (a)C, A, B (b)The larger the exposed surface area of water, the faster the rate of evaporation. 2 4 17 1 3 1 18 1 4 2 19 3 5 2 20 3 6 1 21 4 Mock Paper F (Cycles) 7 8 9 10 4 3 3 3 22 23 24 25 3 4 4 1 32 33 11 4 26 4 12 4 27 2 13 2 28 3 14 2 29 3 15 2 30 2

1 2 16 1 31

As below

(a) Cup B is filled to a level, slightly beyond the position of the hole. (b)Air occupies space. (a) No. The water in beaker B is more than the water in beaker A because although they have the same temperature, there is more water in beaker A so there is a greater amount of heat in it. (b) The time taken to heat beaker A to boiling point is faster than the time taken to heat beaker B to its boiling point.

34

35 37

38

39

X: hot water Y: iced water (b) X: The hot water evaporated into water vapor. The water vapor rose and came into contact with the cooler surface of the inside of the bottle. It condensed into water droplets on the inner surface of the bottle. Y: As heat travels from a hotter place to a cooler place, the heat from Bottle Y was conducted to the water and thus Bottle Y became colder. When the water vapor in the surrounding air touched the bottle, it condensed and became tiny water droplets on the outside of the bottle. (a)True (b) False (c)Not 36 (A)By wind (B)By splitting possible to tell (d) Not possible to (C)By animal tell (a)B and D. Sunlight can pass through colored cellophane papers. The green part of the leaf contains chlorophyll which can trap light energy to make food. The white part has no chlorophyll so it cannot make food and there is no starch. (b)To find out if different colored cellophane paper affects photosynthesis. (a) The two processes are fertilization and pollination (b) The seed leaves will drop off the plant. (c) It must disperse its seeds as far as possible to prevent overcrowding, and competition for light, space, water and mineral salts. (a)By wind

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(b)It is light and smooth and has wing-like structure to allow it to catch currents more easily and float longer distances. (a)Yes. There is sufficient water in the mist sawdust for the seedlings and there is also enough oxygen for it to respire (b)The root will grow towards the moist sawdust to get more water. (a)Label the green part. (b)No. An onion cell does not have chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll while the cell displayed does. It is not important because the plant would have used up the food there already and is no longer dependent on them for food as it has leaves to photosynthesize and make food. They both do not reproduce through seeds but from other plant parts. A By animal It has hooks to cling onto animals fur when an animal brushes past it. B By wind It has a wing-like structure to that enable it to catch currents and float in the air. (a) X: Testes Y: Ovary (b)Pollination and fertilization must occur before the petals wilt away and the fruit is formed. (a) B, C, A (b) The larger the exposed surface area of water, the faster the rate of evaporation.

148