DYSCALCULIA

What is Dyscalculia?
STATISTICS

Characteristic
IQ score within normal range and significant discrepancy between academic achievement and expected potential

About 5% to 7% of the children in Elementary school are affected. The 50% are females and 50 % males. About 20% to 60% of all affected persons by dyscalculia have other learning difficulties. Approximately 7.6% of the children affected with dyscalculia also are affected with dyslexia. About 15 to 26% of dyscalculic children are affected with ADHD (Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder). There is no cure for Dyslexia. Early intervention helps the child to avoid mathematics anxiety, and prevent other mental illiness.

Dyscalculia is a specific learning disability or differences in mathematics. It was defined by Kosc, as a difficulty in mathematics as a result of impairment of particular parts of the brain involved in mathematical cognition, but without a general difficulty in cognitive function. Medical definition:
The draft Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) has a Neurodevelopmental Disorder section which includes the category for Specific Learning Disorders. These disorders are the difficulties in reading, written expression and mathematics. In addition, DMS-V concludes that the term dyscalculia would not be useful as disorder name or in the diagnostic criteria. MSD-IVTR which is currently in effect include and define Mathematics Disorder (code 315.1) as measured by a standardized test that is given individually, the patients mathematical ability is substantially less than you would expecting considering age, intelligence, and education. This deficiency materially impedes academic achievements or daily living. If there is a sensory defect, the mathematics deficiency is worse than would you expect with it. Coding Note: On Axis III code any sensory deficit or general medical condition (such as neurological disorder).

The Root Cause:

Genetic Causes: These

include genetic disorders such as Turners syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Velocardiofacial syndrome, and Williams Syndrome. In addition there are studies which indicate that there are genes in the general population which increase the risk.

Environmental Causes:
These Include alcohol consumption during the pregnancy, and pre-term bird. Neurological diseases such as epilepsy and metabolic disorder.

Both causes combined.

Symptoms
Delay in counting- Delay in using counting strategies for addition and subtraction- Difficulties in memorized arithmetic facts- Lack of number sense, quantity and comparison- Less automatic process of writing number and reading symbols (number 6)Difficulty interpreting graphs and charts. Emotional and social symptoms are difficulty to express and share feelings; poor self-esteem and difficulty with selfcontrol (frustration). Other symptoms are confuses left and right, and has trouble to understand time.

DYSCALCULIA
(It comes from Greek and Latin means counting badly)
Andrea Toledo Intro to Special Education Professor Lara A.A.C.C. Spring Semester

Legal Definition:
The Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) define that specific learning disability means a disorder in 1 or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which disorder may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculation. The term learning disabilities is not defined in Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), but courts have cited IDEA definition in cases which involved ADA. Section 504 and AADA improve accommodation for students and adults with learning disabilities in school and work place.

Family Resources:
Infants and Toddlers Program 1450 Furnace Ave., Glen Burnie, M.D. 21060 410-222-6911 / www.aacps.org/infants/ltp.asp National Center for Learning Disabilities http://www.ncld.org/learning-disability-resources Learning Disability Association of America- LDA http://ldaamerica.org/category/technology/techn ology-for-parents/

Every child is gifted. They just unwrap their packages at different times. (Unknown)

Teaching Strategies
Be proactive, anticipate the problems. Repeated practice. Segmentation of the subject matter in short lesson plans. Direct teaching. Work in small and interactive groups. The use of cues in strategies learning. Work with manipulative. Use rhythm and music to teach math. Incorporate different devices and technology. Adjust time in test and assignments (extra time). Provide a distraction- free room to take test.

Diagnosis
Change is the end result of all true learning Leo Buscaglia
Before examination is necessary the observation and documentation of the child for at least 6 month. Brain Butterworths Dyscalculia Screen can be used by schools to diagnose. Woodcock Johnson Psycho-educational BatteryIII Wide Range Achievement Test Key Math Diagnostic Assessment Test of Mathematical Abilities Wechsler Individual Achievement Test

Innovative Technology
Park Math: It introduces math concepts to young children (pre-K to elementary) Algebra Touch. Your child can refine algebra skills using touch. Talking scientific calculator. Color buttons and audio feedback. Free graphing Calculator. SMART Boards- Interactive white board.

Treatment
A good teacher can inspire hope, ignite the imagination, and instill a love of learning. Brad Henry.
The teaching strategies, psychological support, and an individually therapeutic treatment help the child to overcome and to learn to with this long life disorder. An IEP &504 Plan are the answer to dyscalculia.

References
Dycalculia.org . Retrieved from: http://www.dyscalculia.org/ Joyce, Diana &Grasping, Sally. Facilitating Successful Postsecondary Transition for Students with Disabilities. National Association of School Psychology. ProQuest . Retrieved from: www.search.Proquest.com.eproxy.aacc.edu/printviewfile?accounti d=40680 Kaufman, Liane. The Diagnoses and Management of Dyscalculia. Deustches Arteblattz. PMC- US National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3514770/ National Center for Learning Disabilities. Dyscalculia. Retrieved from: http://www.ncld.org/learning-disability-resources