Grammar Exam Study Guide, Unit 3 2 topics: Pronouns and Verbs.

Pronouns: Subject and Object Pronouns; Possessive Pronouns.

Examples: Subject Pronoun: She is talking with Diana.

Object Pronoun: She is talking with her. Possesive: These are our books. Possesive: The books are ours. You can go to the following webpage to practice: http://www.ego4u.com/en/cramup/grammar/pronouns

Personal Pronouns

Possessive Used as an adjective (should be followed by a noun)

subject form

object form

possessive pronoun

me

my

mine

you

you

your

yours

he

him

his

his

she

her

her

hers

it

it

its

its

we

us

our

ours

you

you

your

yours

they

them

their

theirs

Verbs. Verb Tenses: 1. Present. I like reading. She likes reading. (Remember to add s/ -es for 3rd person singular).

2. Past. She rented a book. (Regular verbs add ed). She gave it to me.(Irregular verbs have a special past-tense form that should be memorized.)

3. Future: I will sing a song for the talent show. (Use helping verb will + main verb).

Perfect forms. Present Perfect: use helping verbs have or has + Past Participle I have finished my project. (it can be abbreviated to: Ive finished.) Peter has finished the project.

Past Perfect: use helping verb had + Past Participle Before they came, I had finished the project.

Future Perfect: use helping verbs will have + Past Participle. I will have finished the project by 5 pm.

Important notes: Sometimes people confuse Simple Past and Present Perfect. What is the difference between:

I finished the project.

and I have finished the project.

I finished it. (Simple Past) means some specific time in the past. It can be yesterday,
last night, 3 days ago, etc. I have finished it. (Present Perfect) the important thing is the result, not the time. We do not know at exactly when or how many days ago the action was done. The

important thing is that by this moment we have the result a finished project in this case. Ive finished the project yesterday. This sentence is incorrect. It says yesterday, which means a time in the PAST, not present.

Subject Verb Agreement. The Verb should always agree with the Subject in person and number. Remember: I am reading . I read. I have read. She is reading. She reads. She has read. Peter and Ana (they) are reading. They read. They have read.

Using consistent verb tenses. If you are writing the sentence about an event in the past, make sure you use past tense verbs. If your story is about future, make sure to use future verb forms. Example. Correct: When the show started, I felt nervous. Incorrect: When the show started, I feel nervous.