Section 2.

6Chemical Reactions

If were going to do chemical reactions with antacids, wed better know how to write them!

Chemical Reactions
Bonds and atoms are rearranged to form new compounds.
2 H2 + O2 2 H2O

Watch as 2 H2 and 1 O2 undergo a chemical reaction

Chemical Reactions
Bonds and atoms are rearranged to form new compounds.
2 H2 + O2 2 H2O

The compounds in the end are different from those in the beginning

Bonds are broken and formed between different atoms

Chemical Equations

The sentence of chemistry that shows how the starting materials and the final products of a chemical reaction

Examples of Chemical Equations

Word equation: magnesium metal is reacted with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce aqueous magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas

Formula equation: Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) Visualization

H
Mg Cl Cl Mg

MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

Cl

H H

Cl

Parts of a Chemical Equation

The starting materials for the reactioneach compound is separated by a + Formed in the reaction

Reactants

Products

NaCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3 (aq)

States of matter
s = solid l = liquid g = gas aq = aqueous (dissolved in water)

Arrow
Read as: Yields Produces Forms Makes etc.

Writing Chemical Equations

You must write each chemical formula correctly first! (Section 2.2) and, is mixed with or reacts with = + yield, produces and forms =

We will learn to balance equations in the next section, so dont worry about it now!

Lets Practice #1
Aluminum metal is reacted with hydrochloric acid to form aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas

Example: Write the word equation into symbol form

Lets Practice #1
Aluminum metal is reacted with hydrochloric acid to form aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas

Example: Write the word equation into symbol form

Al + HCl AlCl3 + H2

Lets Practice #2
Copper (II) nitrate and sodium hydroxide form copper (II) hydroxide and sodium nitrate

Example: Write the word equation into symbol form

Lets Practice #2
Copper (II) nitrate and sodium hydroxide form copper (II) hydroxide and sodium nitrate

Example: Write the word equation into symbol form

Cu(NO3)2 + NaOH Cu(OH)2 + NaNO3

Double Replacement Reactions

The cations from two compounds replace each other.
NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3

Two ionic compounds switch ions

Double Replacement Reactions

General format of a double replacement reaction:

Products of a Double Replacement

1
Combine the cation of the first reactant with the anion of the second reactant

CaCl2

+ Ag NO3

Products of a Double Replacement

2
Combine the cation of the second reactant with the anion of the first reactant

CaCl2

+ Ag NO3

Products of a Double Replacement

3
Remember to write cations first & balance charges with subscripts when writing formulas

Only leave subscripts that are in the original compound there if they are a part of a polyatomic ion!
CaCl2 + Ag NO3

CaCl2

Ag NO3

Ca(NO3)2

AgCl

Neutralization Reactions
General format of a neutralization reaction:

O
H

Neutralization reactions are double replacement reactions where one cation is H and one anion is OH and water is formed

Products of a Neutralization Reaction

1
Combine the cation of the first reactant with the anion of the second reactant

H2 SO4

+ Na OH

Products of a Neutralization Reaction

2
Combine the cation of the second reactant with the anion of the first reactant

H2 SO4

+ Na OH

Products of a Neutralization Reaction

3
Remember to write cations first & balance charges with subscripts when writing formulas

Only leave subscripts that are in the original compound there if they are a part of a polyatomic ion!
H2 SO4 + Na OH

H2 SO4

Na OH

Na2SO4

HOH

You can write the water as HOH when you combine the cation & anion or you can change it to H2O

Lets Practice #3

Example: Write the products for this reaction

Sr(OH)2 + HBr

Lets Practice #3

Example: Write the products for this reaction

Sr(OH)2 + HBr

SrBr2 + HOH

Lets Practice #4

Example: Write the products for this reaction

HCl + Ca(OH)2

Lets Practice #4

Example: Write the products for this reaction

HCl + Ca(OH)2

CaCl2 + HOH