What do you know?

Write a definition for digestion Physical and chemical breakdown of food for absorption

1 of 17

Boardworks Ltd 2011

New topic

2 Enzymes and the digestive system Lesson 1 The digestive system 1. Identify the major organs involved in human digestion 2. Describe how food is digested 3. Explain the role of various enzymes
2 of 17 Boardworks Ltd 2011

 Physical Digestion
Look after your teeth! They break down food and break open cells. This increases the surface area of the food available to enzymes for chemical digestion Your stomach is a large bag of muscle it turns the food ( with acid and enzymes) to further break it down

3 of 34

Boardworks Ltd 2008

 Chemical Digestion Does your bacon buttie pass straight across your cell membranes? Why? What does your body do to food to allow your intestine to absorb the nutrients? ENZYMES they all work by hydrolysis. Water is added to split the chemical bonds holding larger molecules together All end in ASE!!!!!!!!

4 of 34

Boardworks Ltd 2008

 Match the enzyme to the substrate Carbohydrase Lipase Protease Its a bit like the Borg it allows these other molecules to be ASSIMILATED

5 of 34

Boardworks Ltd 2008

What are enzymes?

Every cell requires hundreds of biochemical reactions to survive and carry out its function. Nearly all of these are catalyzed large globular proteins called enzymes. Enzymes can speed up reactions by a factor of many millions, but they cannot catalyze reactions that would otherwise not occur.

Enzymes catalyze both anabolic (building up) and catabolic (breaking down) reactions.
6 of 34 Boardworks Ltd 2008

Systems in the body

The more complex an organism is, the more organized its cells are.

Similar cells are often grouped together to form a tissue, and several of these tissues may form an organ. Organ systems are groups of organs which perform a specific function.
In mammals, several systems help to exchange substances with the environment. This includes the exchange of gases in the respiratory system and the exchange of food molecules in the digestive system.
7 of 17 Boardworks Ltd 2011

The digestive system

8 of 17

Boardworks Ltd 2011

Digestive functions

9 of 17

Boardworks Ltd 2011

Task

Choose a classmate Draw around them Use other paper to add the following organs- oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, salivary glands and the pancreas Label these with heir function

10 of 17

Boardworks Ltd 2011

Peristalsis

11 of 17

Boardworks Ltd 2011

Diffusion and digestion

Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are made up of large molecules that cannot be readily absorbed by the body. Digestion breaks down large food molecules into smaller molecules such as glucose, amino acids and fatty acids that can be easily absorbed.

In which part of the digestive system is most food absorbed? Small food molecules are usually absorbed in the small intestine, diffusing across the intestine wall and into the bloodstream.
12 of 17 Boardworks Ltd 2011

How is the small intestine adapted?

The wall of the small intestine is lined with many tiny fingerlike projections called villi. These are very thin (as little as one cell thick) and increase the surface area of the small intestine, both of which increase the speed of diffusion. villus capillary network

small intestine

blood vessels
13 of 17 Boardworks Ltd 2011

Diffusion and the small intestine

The villi have a good network of capillaries. Digested food molecules are absorbed into the blood to be taken elsewhere in the body. How does this happen? The concentration of dissolved food molecules is higher in the small intestine than in the blood entering the villus. This means that the dissolved food molecules diffuse from the small intestine into the blood, moving from higher to lower concentration.
14 of 17

glucose

Boardworks Ltd 2011