25207826

The Story of Umm arm Author(s): Claude Delaval Cobham Source: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great
Britain and Ireland, (Jan., 1897), pp. 81-101 Published by: Cambridge University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25207826 . Accessed: 10/01/2014 07:22
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81
Art.
VI.?The original
Coiiiiam, of Larnaca,
in the Edited Story of U/nm Haram. Dklaval Claude and translated Turkish by
M.lt.A.S., Cyprus. B.C.L., M.A.Oxon., Commissioner
About
in Cyprus, on the western from Larnaca, the great salt lake from which the town (Tuzla) takes its Turkish name, stands the Khalat-PSultan Tekye, a much - frequented is Moslem The situation shrine. of the the mountain of The outline noble picturesque. the view bounds Holy Cross (Santa Croco or Stavro Vouni) on the west; in and tho domes and minaret, embowered four miles shore of
garden and grove, aro not without grace, especially when
seen
reflected
in the
still waters
of
the
lake.
The
shrine
is held in groat veneration of every country; by Moslems vessels carrying the Ottoman salute it as they pass, flag and the gardens are a favourite place of resort on Musalmau is dedicated to a lady known as (Jinm The whole holidays. Haram bint Milium, whose body lies in this holy place. Her tomb itself is of very great interest. Shrouded from curious eyes in sanctity and black velvet, it defies any accurate but I claim the merit of examination, may a or in it recognizing prehistoric monument?tomb, temple, to two other mono very close affinities as the Tomb in Cyprus, known respectively near of St. Catherine, Salami's, and the Hagia Phaneromene, near Larnaca Studies, vol. iv, p. Ill, (Journal of Hellenic Of the three huge stones of which it is 1883). April, one at stands the at another the feet of head, composed, treasury?bearing lithic structures the corpse, while
1 Cf. j.h.a.s. 1897. C
the covering
p. 100 infra,
stone
is believed
to hang
1. 11, and u. 1 ad calc.
82 in air above
THE STORY OF UMM HARAM. The
legend of these stones is told in follows. The Tekye has an a of 1800 donums of land, with endowment yearly subsidy of ?38, and 3000 okes of salt. Umm Haram was buried there in the spring of a.d. 6-19, of the Tekye about the buildings know* nothing when of Cyprus, Mehmed Muhassil 1700, Agha, a wooden the tomb with His barrier. enclosed successor, this iu tho following year by replaced 'Ajem 'Ali Aghd, a wall with two and before 1787 a stately bronze; gates'of two minarets and with domes mosque, (one fell in an some and forty years dwelling-rooms ago), earthquake to enhance arose the famo of the sanctuary. fountains, to the " Viaggio owe these details da Gcrusalemme We " tho Abbe Gio. of della Soria le coste 1787) (Livorno, per until Mariti. that tho author quite unnecessarily Premising Moslems could have been misled that by supposes Cypriot the error of Constantiuos irepl defidrcov, Porphyrogennetos, who crossed "Abu Bekr the first Moslem xv, who makes over to Cyprus and made himself master of it, in the reign died that his daughtor of Heraclius, there, and adding that may the place of be translated her burial is still shown," his account but we
its companions. the MS. which
of the In here:?" the early years a a turn dis of dervish century speculative eighteenth and dug out a commonplace Moslem covered tomb, and to inspire the business it might be a profitable thought a veneration thereabouts with their flocks who fed shepherds that it was assert Old Cypriot Christians for the place. the story of this project, circulated he who, in furtherance of miracles performed at the tomb. " Mohammadan8, however, hold that the tomb was under some and by rains was found by being exposed ground, a on it to whom there appeared lady entering shepherds, and iu whito clothed and majestic of beautiful aspect, were fears but their astounded, They garments. shining were soon stilled by the lady, who blessed them and their to them that she wTas tho aunt of flocks, and revealed Mohammad, and that her body lay iu the tomb wdiich
THE STORY OF UMM HARAM. they had by their found. Tho
83
was sent vision, which they believed out to their for wished who Prophet, point veneration his aunt's sepulchre, comfort filled them with and happiness, and thenceforth their flocks were ever more and more fruitful. The tho no doubt had accomplices, island tho news of the discovery. the place : the sick were healed, dervish health. of the
who
spread through to the Crowds rushed lame walked, Such

stones.
virtue,
and left for their homes in perfect it was said, lay in the mere touch
to rolled in, and the dervish had wherewith "Offerings the had and shrine he His the created. adorn efforts, influence of certain devotees, procured him leave from the to build over the tomb a suitable dome, under Government
which a few persons could assemble, as is customary
is superfluous. tomb, whatever scepticism is certainly its vicissitudes, the resting-place of Umm a historic Haram bint Milium, known well personage, to tho early Arab chroniclers. Her the Milhan father, Ansari, married had two Malik, to Mohammad she brought his life in tho Prophet's source of the Traditions.
is uncertain, was
throughout this All
the East
at
the
tomb
of
any The
notable
saint."
daughters, aud became
tho first Umm who Suleym, tho mother of Anas, whom as a boy of eight, who spent and became} the great service, The second daughter, whose;
Umm Haram. She
name
surnamed
married
(1) 'Amr bin Qeys, who at Ohod, killed and by him 'Ahdu'lluh and (2) and Qeys;
she bore a son called
fought became 'Ubada
at Badr
and was of to
ono
the mother ibn as-Sumit,

'Ubada was
whom
Mohammad.
of
at 'Aqaba, fought the XII, at Badr, of the LXX was as the at sent 'Omar teacher Qor'an Medina, taught by to Hims, became first Qazi of Palestine, and died at
(somo say at Ramla) A.ir.. 34, act. suae 72. His
Jerusalem
'1 and his nickname Al Hubla Walid, These and the (the pot-bellied). details, genealogical extracts which follow, I owe to the and kindness learning of my friend Mr. Guy le Strange, M.R.A.S.
surname
was Abu
84 Batddhuri,
THE STORY OF UMM HARAM. Kitabu
ed. De Goeje, pp. 152-4.? T-Futuh, Governor of leave of the Mu'awiya, Syria, asked over sea; but the 'Omar to make an expedition Khalifa refused. When Khalifa 'Othman became Khalifa, Mu'awiya wrote again asking for leave to make an expedition against near that island was and how Cyprus, easy saying how the matter would be; but 'Othman answered that he knew what had been 'Omar's view of the matter, and would not " when
grant leave. However, iu a.ii. 27 Mu'awiya again wrote,
the conquest would how easily bo accomplished, showing and so at last 'Othman replied granting leave provided that took his wife with him?otherwise he should on Mu'awiya no account set out. So Mu'awiya started from 'Akka, him many with and he carried his wife, ships, having while with 'Ubada ibn took his as-Samit him; Fakhita, of Umm Milium tho Austin. This llaram, wife, daughter took place in tho year 28, after the winter was over (i.e. or some say in the year 29. spring of a.d. 649), on was Umm Haram, this first expedition Now daughter her with of Milium, 'Ubada ibn husband, as-Samit, along she landed from the and as soon as they reached Cyprus was brought ship, and a beast (*-?'?-*) however, was thrown by this beast and it her tomb is in Cyprus,
Woman's Grave.'
for her and is
She, wherefore killed; called 'the Pious
to ride.
?s5Ld\ i\yh\ j+S ,yJJ u*jf*l W-JLi

ed. Tornberg, this 'I-Athir, Chronicle, iii, 75.?"In Haram died Umm bint for mule her Milhan, expedition so that she (L;-Lo) threw her in the island of Cyprus, Ibnu broke her neck had those Prophet the first of told and died, declaring her how and the the truth whero sea." sho of what should the bo
to go beyond Abu 'l-Mahdsin, ed. Juynboll, went 'Ubada and his wife, Umm she received martyrdom,
i, 90.?"With Mu'awiya Haram bint Milhan; and for the Prophet had come to her,
THE STORY OF UMM HARAM. and A spoken to her and given her tho good
85 news of her
martyrdoln.,,
I obtained from the Sheykh of the a MS. was therein which preserved was known that all in Cyprus concerning the tomb and its occupant. second copy, superior A in was me correctness and calligraphy, later the given by then Muhasebeji of Evqaf, Ahmed Khulusi who Efendi, with his wife and daughter, his son-in-law and a servant, died of cholera on their return from the in 181KJ. Hajj This is the text now offered to the reader, and which I have followed in my translation. In the latter I have had the kind help of Mr. A. Utidjian, Chief Translator of few years a copy Tekye said to embody since of Turkish
of Mr.
Documents
E. G.
to
the Government
M.B., M.A.,
of
M.R.A.S.,
Cyprus,
and
Browne,
Fellow
and Lecturer in Persian in the College, who most of has consented University Cambridge, kindly to see this paper through the press. The MS. bears no date, but the writer, Sheykh Ibrahim, seems to have embodied in it the notes left by his father, Pembroke Sheykh Mustafa*, during enlarged (a.d. 1795). The careful administration M. which a visit were to begun in A.n. Constantinople and 1177, in a.h. 1210
of
Mr.
of Evqaf, by the delegates of Nicosia, Commissioner aud Mehmed King, of the revenues of tho Tekye, enhances Efendi, Sadiq the outward of the tomb and its sur yearly dignity its power and to house and assist poorer roundings, pilgrims. of this text will ensure the preservation The jmblication of a document of which probably not more than three or four copies exist, and the translation of so quaint an account of this worshipful of the life and miracles lady should bo to tho many interesting at her shrine. English visitors who are welcomed
86
THE STORY OF UMM JIARAM.
[Translation.] the Merciful. In the name of God, the Compassionate, of fulness of devotion to Umm Har&m, daughter : may the Merciful, and Holy One, tho Most High Milium The be well praise Majesty abundantly Lauds pleased with her. without limit are most meet of Him, the and Self-Existent, without to be who number ascribed pours and to tho forth
dis who, beneficence, having and the noble honour companions tinguished the chosen, crown of Mohammad venerable of the favour and blessing of apostles and prophets, may them exalted and be Most God upon him, having High them with favoured above all the elect and tho vulgar, source of many virtues. perfect grace, aud made them the are most innumerable The best of prayers and greetings meet and due to the beloved of God, the prince of Paradise, the last and first, to the exalted prophets, that ensample com hearts of his chosen the brilliant who illuminated blessing with perfect female friends (may God panions the of saying?" light if ye follow anyone and of salvation": more He especially the them all) with are like the stars, and My companions of them ye shall be led in the road their adherents. them to guide made be pleased with
tho the taste and quickened delighted Haram of Umm heart noble accept her) (may God "Thou art of the first." with the pleasing announcement, are most and greetings the same prayers And, again, followers, and friends, fitting to all his futility, companions, of angelic that with their who, through personage intimacy most tho whom be endowments greetings), perfect (to in his solitary retreats, having been confidants of his secrets tho sacred law ; so to confirm have used their knowledge be into God's received that, his followers may mercy and who in holy the day of judgment; venerated until war have made and religious effort, wherefrom mighty and Qor'&n came the Book and the faith Islam and arose, to light.
THE STORY OF UMM HARAM.
87
And then?Tins weak, poor, and lowly servant, abounding in faults, a suppliant for the mercy of his Lord, the Mighty a servant of the One, poor of Umm Haram (may God be son the of Sheykh with Ibrahim, her), Sheykh pleased MustaM the Highest (the High, give them both pardon;, has been honoured with the honour of being in the glorious interceded service of that exalted for, lady, the intercessor who (through the guidance a manifestation and of of the mercy the prince the Lord of the worlds and was made of the apostles) a source of and of sanctity,
Mustafa Efcndi, Sheykh chastity a pillar of the verifiers of truth, a quintessence of those a chief among the wise, my blessed who examine closely, account written the beautiful and pardoned father, besides the venerated inter 1177 the in him year concerning by on a to 1210 the in when visit the Threshold cessor, year * collected on loose sheets of Felicity many accounts of acts he extracted and arranged and virtue, which of the Prophet, from the books of Traditions, Biographies and Names of the Narrators Histories of the Companions, to and while still in its libraries, purposing existing of excellence from another these volume, profitable greatly " a man and to is the Heath the cup, saying according he drank of the cup of death, and delivered drinker," up The mercy of God soul. be upon him, his victorious compile
mercy in abundance.
of wonders of life. purity
the grace of tho Lord of the worlds, the aunt of the prince of the inspiration the of and the favour saints, having (in precious apostles, com the interpretation accordance with preferred by the on the sacred traditions, mentators and with the tenor of And through and the of the sacred and histories) translated sayings and collected having by the said deceased, three chapters and in and written them down arranged " an epilogue, to of Devotion under the title The End same as a I the Umm Haram," present precious gift legends copied and the
1 i.e. Constantinople*.
now
88
to the present Muhassil of Cyprus, Seyyid Hasan Aglui, a helper of tho faith and despiser of the infidels. Maj' to peruse it be that on condescending it, His Excellency, love to the honoured intercessor by reason of his perfect cares and with God live free be from her), pleased (may sorrows. And God isHe who gives prosperity and guidance.
Chapter I explains what differences exist in the holy name of this exalted lady (may God be pleased with her, and turn and what was her relationship her intercession to our profit), 1o the lord of the sons of Adam of God be upon him). (may the favour and blessing
statement to the distinct of ol-IIafidh al According called 77/*? Names in his book her Hhahabi,1 of Traditionists, In the Jami( is Rumeysa. it is as-Sagh/r* holy namo to others it is Sahla. But according expressly called Rainla; " no name most of the guardians of traditions say distinctly of hers is known," but that her holy title is famous as Umm ibnu '1-I.I ajar3 sets forth This statement al-Hafidh Haram. on the names of the com called his in book, Isdba, precisely ' in his of 'AH al-Qim panions, aud with this the statement is in full agreement. Umm comment on the holy Mishhat the honoured mother. Haram is the same as Umm Muhtarama, of God bo The lord of men (may the favour and blessing to her love in showed her, "O my upon him) perfect saying mot her," and thence she is entitled "the honoured mother." of tho The noble name of her father, ono of the Ansjirs Men still visit her house in Qubu,5 is Milium. Banu Najjar, so fortunate house of Umm Haram": the "it is saying, was Her husband of pilgrimage. it is a place august surname was Abu'1-Wali. whose ibn as-Samit, 'Ubada Ubada was the first governor of the province of Palestine.
1 i.e. nl-Iin&m al-IKUidU Slium&n'd-Dfn Mubamnmd ttl-Dbabubi b. Abmnd vol. j, pp. 288, 201, etc. D. 1317). See Ildjl Kha/fa, (t a.h. 718?A * jNiimoroiis works bear tins title. See lldjl Khalfa, vol. ii, pp. 660-500. 3 toI. i, t>. 323, No. 810. Jluji Khalfa, 4 i.e. jSuru'd Din Abu"l-H?snii 'Ali b. Sultfui Mubainmad al-Makki al-Quri = a.d. 1G05-G). See ltieu's Arabic Supplement, al-llivavi p. 82. (f a.h. 1014 5A See BeKidhuri, pp. 2-5. quarter of Medina.
THE STORY OF UMM HARAM. He died
89
at the age of seventy-two years, and was buried exalted this in Jerusalem. And lady was the sister of Umm of Anas mother ibn Malik. the venerable In Suleym, it is said that Umm certain histories gave suck Suleym to the most them honoured and as (may God be pleased with Prophet to the kinship it is alleged by Abu ibn Ibrahim that verily ibn Yahya aud blessing mother
both); Mohammad our Prophet
of God be upon to search on his him) gave for his aunt head for maternal he might holy lice, being be intimate with her, for her' ancestors were of his tribe. to a story derived from Ibn YVahb, she is called According his aunt because she gave him the breast; and most of leave to the honoured of traditions give preference to this tradition, the guardians and do not concern themselves with any other. Aud Umm as was the foster-sister of Amina, say sundry among Suleym the guardians And in one of the traditions of traditions. " it is said, and she was his maternal of al-Bukhari this and Umm aunt," making Haram, clear; kinship at most with Umm times together Suleym, tightened their belts and Prophet, showing them both. their loins for the service of tho girded May God be pleased with perfect love.
ibn Qutb (may the favour
the holy wars in which she Chapter the Second sets forth took part, and the purport of the traditions about her. is a story handed down by the servant of the There of God of God be apostle (may the favour and blessing that that bulbul of the garden ibn Malik, upon him), Anas of eloquence, that nightingale of the flower-garden of fair him with the best of praise), be honoured speech (to a visit the fortunate house of Umm Haram bint Milhan One be pleased with her), and after he (may the Merciful to eat food, that sainted woman searched had condescended sacred head for lice; and while thus laying to make manifest sacred head, and proposing and heavenly much he fell divine wisdom mysteries, rose ho when from Now with slumber his up asleep. holy his august down his and
00 a manifestation that interval
THE STORY OF UMM IIARAM. of joy and display of delight derived during tho enjoyment of divine revelations and that revered lady questioned him as to the cause
from
godty visions, of his smiles, and his perfect joy and cheerfulness. There of the divine secrets replied in sweet upon that depositary " and life-giving the presence of God caino speech : From to me inspiration a company of those of and good tidings: as on faith the seats and thrones will, my though sitting of kings, spread holy Avar and forays, for the exalting of of God, with to approve to themselves longing God, and will conquer the isles of the seas, and the cities of the coasts thereof, and these of my people will enter the word into high heaven among those who enter first, without the trial of torment or chastisement. Thus from the presence and good tidings came to me." of God inspiration Thus ho gave that holy lady good to rejoice. That heart enlightened saying,
growing eager for such high emprise,
news, and made honoured lady,

and, anxious to
her too,
take
the victors by sea; proffered her request, part with and with "Thou art of the firstyi?an irrofragublo word? was declared of the first of tho tr?op which was to war at sea, and was thus gladdened and with good tidings, so as it in tho heart; and, according said, Prophet rejoiced her
Mas. Hence it is clearer than the suu that the announcement
that would after the
his his
followers death
would
be made of
clear enter
stablished, that and manifest,
bo
that
his
the believers
religion would
and make war for upon expeditions even to the of many the faith, subduing exalting islands and cities, and that God Most High would make those who die martyrs of entering with Paradise worthy torment or chastise those who entered first therein, without is of the signs of prophet-hood and of the number ment, of miracles. In
conquer,
Chapter
and from
lltird
what
is
set forth
quarters
when
they came.
they went
out
to
the twenty-seventh whom be the most (to
In
year
of of the Flight of perfect greetings),
the Prophet the under
91
third Khalifa, 'Othman ibn 'A(fan (may God be pleased were given for the with him), leave and permission waging of war by sea; and Abu Dhar and 'Ubada ibn as-Samit ibn Aws,1 and his honoured wife, Umm Haram, and Shaddad and Abu ibn Zeyd, and '1-Darda, and rj'alha and Sa'id 'Abdu'Ilah ibn Nawfal, who were of the greatest among of the apostle of God, and the companions the companions of 'Omar (may God be pleased with them), with very many and entered started from the Medina, illuminated, soldiers, and order of 'Othman ibn 'Affan, Mo'awiya Damascus; by was appointed to the command. They Sofyan a out of of troops and marched large body arrayed and by way of visitation entered Jerusalem. Damascus, And after the visitation, of llamla they descended by way on Tripoli of Syria ; and from the ports at Tripoli and ibn Abi and they collected neighbourhood ships and boats, on came and the about seas, them, embarking they circling to the island of Cyprus. And on landing at a spot about two hours distant from the port of Tuzla, the holy woman all honour her) was set with (may God be pleased with on a mule; now her at the place where and on arriving luminous attacked tomb is seen, they were by Genoese and her her beast broke from she infidels, pellucid falling in that neck, and yielded soul, and up her victorious wTas once at it is clear that And buried. spot fragrant art of the first," of Mohammad. miracles It is by tho perfect divine favour of the Giver of all gifts in the other world that the beloved of God and honoured the favour and blessing of God be upon Prophet (may has to of life the the hearts believers him) given by saying ?" or female disciples If a'ny of the male companions be in a holy place buried such for will intercede they dwellers in that place as are worthy of their intercession." So likewise in this life it is by the grace of God that?as is of irrefragable prophetic word, the number of the manifest "Thou it is said by the Imam Munawi
1 See Ibn Quteyba,
the
that
(on him be
p. 159.
the mercy
of
92 the Almighty), the whenever
THE STORY OF UMM HARAM. on in his comment of Damascus peoplo the J'dmi* as-Saghir? aro sorely tried by
and other full trust appeal troubles, and with droughts to that honoured from the Giver of all good lady, asking rain and rest, and deliverance and munificence from trouble the Dispcller and attack, of all cares and sorrows, God out of respect to that honoured Most High, lady, dispels their anxieties and grace. who with and rain troubles aud grants them His And especially there is no doubt that for thoso the earnest endeavour and in full faith make to the honoured her sacred tomb
tho body, in unequalled satisfies all their wisdom of blessings It is tho perfect favour and grace of God Most needs. has made He the aunt of that that and Exalted High an for the intercessor most of created beings glorious who visitors aud of island tho this inhabitants earnestly in her exalted to her, and that when we confido appeal all our desires and aims in this world person we attain Giver is this! fortune and felicity What and the next. great " to all His is the grace of God, which He This gives servants who seek it; and God is the Lord of the greatest
grace."1
and acceptable visitation customary shrine which contain and revered
Conclusion, sundry of the miracles and graces setting forth that exalted lady. of of that exalted One of the miracles lady (maj' God be her journey from Jerusalem pleased with her) is this:?On on her way as a guest at the house to liamla she alighted She beheld in the house three lingo of a Christian monk. and display and to show a marvel stones like columns, from tho to buy the said stones saint ship she desired of the of monk. The monk, impossibility fully persuaded them stones and the gavo away, carrying transporting She accepted to the exalted them as a present lady. iu them remain by way of trust; them, and said?"Let
1 Qur'&n, lvii, 21.
03
And duo time they will bo taken away," and departed. on the evening of her burial the said stones, by tho might from their place, and of the Lord of the worlds, moved sea?a wonderful in this in tho walking sight?appeared and ono of them set itself at her sacred fragrant place; head, ono at her holy feet, and the other stone, as though over them, rested there by the power of God. suspended the elevation and And now, if wo look to be instructed, a stone so huge must stones other of with juxtaposition an impossibility. It is, therefore, clear and be deemed manifest are These marvels that tho stone is suspended. and saintly works of the number of tho prodigies of that source of wonders, and of the signs of her high rank.
even now many holy marvels of hers are seen, and
And
and by pilgrims trustfully, live about her pleasant shrine, are by the servants who such as none may number and count. May God be pleased her intercession. with We her, and benefit us through in her service, and to pray Thee, O God, for uprightness exalt us under her banner, the favour of the through chief of the apostles; of the worlds. and praiso be to God, the Lord
those witnessed
who
seek
her
Al-Iatihat.
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The Story of Umm arm Author(s): Claude Delaval Cobham Source: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great

1. 11, and u. 1 ad calc.

THE STORY OF UMM HARAM. The

its companions. the MS. which

THE STORY OF UMM HARAM. they had by their found. Tho

spread through to the Crowds rushed lame walked, Such

throughout this All

daughters, aud became

fought became 'Ubada

the mother ibn as-Sumit,

THE STORY OF UMM HARAM. Kitabu

for her and is

She, wherefore killed; called 'the Pious

?s5Ld\ i\yh\ j+S ,yJJ u*jf*l W-JLi

THE STORY OF UMM JIARAM.

THE STORY OF UMM HARAM.

of wonders of life. purity

THE STORY OF UMM HARAM.

THE STORY OF UMM HARAM. He died

both); Mohammad our Prophet

ibn Qutb (may the favour

00 a manifestation that interval

news, and made honoured lady,

that would after the

stablished, that and manifest,

the twenty-seventh whom be the most (to

of of the Flight of perfect greetings),

the Prophet the under

THE STORY OF UMM HARAM.

92 the Almighty), the whenever

and acceptable visitation customary shrine which contain and revered

THE STORY OF UMM HARAM.

THE STORY OF UMM HARAM.

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THE STORY OF UMM HARAM.

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THE STORY OF UMM :*IARA'M.

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