Starter quick quiz

What is the basic monomer of which proteins are made? What group of a protein differs between each type? A peptide bond is made by what type of reaction? What is the process by which many monomers form a polypeptide?

Starter quick quiz

What is the basic monomer of which proteins are made? Aminoacid What group of a protein differs between each type? R A peptide bond is made by what type of reaction? Condensation What is the process by which many monomers form a polypeptide? Polymerisation

Proteins continued
Explain how polypeptides are arranged to give the proteins 20, 30 and 40 structure Demonstrate the presence of proteins Explain how fibrous and globular proteins are adapted for their role

The structure of proteins

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Bonds in proteins
The 3D shape of a protein is maintained by several types of bond, including: hydrogen bonds: involved in all levels of structure. hydrophobic interactions: between non-polar sections of the protein. disulfide bonds: one of the strongest and most important type of bond in proteins. Occur between two cysteine amino acids.
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Denaturing proteins
If the bonds that maintain a proteins shape are broken, the protein will stop working properly and is denatured.

denaturation: bonds broken Changes in temperature, pH or salt concentration can all denature a protein, although the specific conditions will vary from protein to protein. Fibrous proteins lose their structural strength when denatured, whereas globular proteins become insoluble and inactive.
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Biuret test for proteins

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Fibrous proteins
Fibrous proteins are formed from parallel polypeptide chains held together by cross-links. These form long, ropelike fibres, with high tensile strength and are generally insoluble in water. collagen the main component of connective tissue such as ligaments, tendons, cartilage.

keratin the main component of hard structures such as hair, nails, claws and hooves. silk forms spiders webs and silkworms cocoons.
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Globular proteins
Globular proteins usually have a spherical shape caused by tightly folded polypeptide chains. The chains are usually folded so that hydrophobic groups are on the inside, while the hydrophilic groups are on the outside. This makes many globular proteins soluble in water. transport proteins such as haemoglobin, myoglobin and those embedded in membranes. enzymes such as lipase and DNA polymerase. hormones such as oestrogen and insulin.
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Look at page 29

Read the Application passage Answer 1, 2 and 3

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Answers

Wound like a rope increases the strength and can bear loads/forces Stops the chains sliding past each other increases their strength If they all occurred at the same point it would be a point of weakness

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Protein structure

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Proteins: true or false?

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