ISSN: 2277-3754

International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2012

Obstacle Detection Using Android Mobile

Ijjina Earnest Paul, Ravela Vijaya Deepthi
Abstract Android is a software stack and has many applications in it. Android market or play store is a stack from where we can download applications. The main aim of this project is detecting obstacles. Detecting obstacles is something interesting for everyone, and sometimes its a need for blind men, and it also gives a little more flexibility for blind people to walk by detecting obstacles so that they can easily find out their obstacles in front of them and can walk freely with no confusions. And sometimes it becomes like a curiosity for non blind people. And sometimes it is necessary to detect obstacles in darkness; this is done by integrating sensors to android mobile through IOIO board. Android contains many applications which help us in our day to day lives. Now a days mobile can be used as many devices like a device to communicate, torch, calculator, camera, recorder, etc, and now we are making use of this android operating system to transform a mobile into obstacle detector. Index Terms IOIO Board, Proximity Sensor, Orientation Sensor, Range Finder Sensor.

I. INTRODUCTION Now a days we know that ANDROID is the best operating systems for mobile phones, it is a software bunch comprising not only operating system but also middleware and key applications. It is an open source operating system; any user can add his/her own applications to this Android. Android contains many applications which help us in our day to day lives. These days mobiles are much useful, so making a mobile into OBSTACLE DETECTOR give good use and can use these applications for any detection purposes. This detecting technology we usually see in airports, or any important areas for safety purposes. We have similar kind of applications like metal detector. This metal detector can detect only metal things. Gold detector this detector is used to detect gold. And similarly water detector. But in our project we are not specifying one object but anything we think as obstacle, it detects. II. A NEW ANDROID APPLICATION IDEA If we look into it clearly and think for a blind men, all these above applications in mobile may not be used by him/her who cannot see, when we observe them we see that they find difficult to find obstacles and even find difficult to find pits. So here is positive way to make use of this open source (ANDROID) to create a solution for the above raised problem and take mobile to another shape as obstacle detector. III. REQUIREMENTS A. Android Nexus Mobile B. IOIO Board The IOIO (pronounced "yo-yo") is a board specially designed to work with your Android device (OS versions 1.5 and greater). The board provides robust connectivity to

an Android device via a USB connection and is fully controllable from within an Android application using a simple and intuitive Java API - no embedded programming or external programmer will ever be needed. The IOIO The most common way of powering the IOIO is by connecting a board contains a single MCU that acts as a USB host and interprets commands from an Android application. DC voltage source, anywhere between 5V-15V, with the (+) side going to one of the three pins marked as "VIN" and the (-) side going to one of the nine pins marked as GND. As soon as this is done, the red power LED should light. Another, somewhat more robust way of making the exact same connection is by soldering a surface-mount JST connector at the bottom of the boards, on the pads right underneath the USB connector. While making the connections, it is recommended to keep the power off, as accidental contact between a 5V+ source and some of the points on the circuit may damage it. Some Android devices are very sensitive to the voltage they get on the USB VBUS line. Should this voltage drop momentarily below a certain threshold, the USB connection will drop, resulting in a IOIO disconnect. There are two very common causes for such drops to occur, which are worth knowing:

(a)

IOIO board has to integrated to android mobile, when we get the below screen shot on our mobile screen it means that IOIO board is integrated successfully.

(b)

LED on IOIO board should work when the ON button shows green light on the mobile screen, only then we can say that IOIO board is functioning. C. Range finder Sensor It is used to detect obstacles from 0 to 6.45 meters (21.2 feet)

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International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2012 E. Proximity sensor- A proximity sensor is an electronic device that is designed to detect the presence of objects, people, or other living things within a given distance and detection threshold. Proximity sensors are able to detect objects without physically touching them by transmitting a detecting field/beam such as infrared, acoustic, and inductive transmissions. When the sensor receives the transmission, it analyzes the return signal for interruptions that indicate that a new object has entered the search area and activates the sensor. But in our project we are not using proximity sensor (electronic device) instead we download a Fig 1(a),(b),(c)Block Diagram of IOIO Board proximity sensor application from android market and install in it our android mobile. Basic code to read sensor voltage
Protected void loop () throws ConnectionLostException { led_.write(!button_.isChecked()); try { sleep(100); } (InterruptedException e) { } } catch

Basic code to read voltage of sensor and show output in digital format
public void loop() ConnectionLostException { try { reading = input_.read(); setText(Float.toString(reading)); led_.write(!button_.isChecked()); sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { ioio_.disconnect(); } (ConnectionLostException e) { enableUi(false); } } throws

final float

IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM To an Android mobile phone we fix a range finder sensor and through IOIO board to Android mobile and orientation sensor and proximity sensor can be downloaded from android market. Program is written for reading voltage from Range Finder and by and also using switch program we have to write codes for connecting orientation sensor and proximity sensor. We write program for two modes Mode1 is VIBRATION mode, when the Proximity sensor detects obstacle in front of it, it vibrates to give indication to the user. Simply when the user walks holding this equipment, if any obstacle in front he gets vibration from that device as a signal that obstacle is in front. And vibration mode will be reset by vibrating the equipment. Mode1 works when the stick facing down to earth. Mode2 is AUDIO mode, here we take height from a point of sensor detection to ground is H and when the distance is more than H, our code is switched to mode2 (audio mode).

catch

throw e;

D. Orientation sensor Orientation sensor is used to know the position of the mobile; it is an application that we can download it in our mobile. Orientation sensor can be used in cameras and mobiles For example, Cameras/mobiles can be held in two positions: horizontal or vertical (also known as landscape and portrait). Photos taken in the vertical position are later on rotated 90 degrees (either clockwise or counter clockwise). Rotating the photos can be automated if your camera sports an orientation sensor. An orientation sensor is an electronic device built into the camera that can sense if the camera/mobile is held horizontally or vertically and if the camera is flipped or not (there are two vertical positions also known as 90 degrees or 270 degrees relative to the horizontal position). This is how orientation sensor can be used in many applications.

Fig 2. Flow chart

Setting up the Android environment setup can be done by installing JDK, SDK, and ECLIPSE in order. Programs can be written in ECLIPSE, programs can be written in JAVA language, all java files should be done in one package and that package should be converted to .apk file. Download that particular .apk file into our android mobile and install it.
Algorithm

1. Install the development environment in our system by installing jdk, sdk, and eclipse respectively. 2. Open workshop in Eclipse in packages import HelloIOIO Example

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International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2012 3. Download the latest 'Android Software and IOIO 3. Write a program to display readings on mobile when the Application Firmware Image' zip file (App-IOIOxxxx, obstacle is detected. where xxxx is the software/library version number) 4. Download orientation sensor and proximity sensor 4. Unzip the downloaded package into a safe location applications from android market to mobile. where you want to keep your project files. 5. Write a program for vibration and audio modes with 5. Next, open Eclipse, then goto File > Import, and switch cases and also write a program for reset the modes . select Existing Projects into Workspace. Then hit next. 6. Another window will pop up (as shown below). V. CONCLUSION Select 'Select Root Directory' and navigate to the file you Detecting obstacles or things is most needed application just unzipped and point to the HelloIOIO folder found in for everyone in any aspect now days. So by using sensors /applications/HelloIOIO. Be sure the check box is selected and android mobile we can make out this detecting for your project. Now hit Finish. application, we are implementing this application in android 7. You should now have HelloIOIO in your project because android is the software which friendly and can be explorer in Eclipse. Notice that there is a small red x next to developed by any user. the project name. This means there are build errors, so whenever you see this, you know something needs to be ACKNOWLEDGEMENT fixed. In this situation, we need to link the IOIO library to This work was done as our academic project. We would our project, as outlined in the next step. also want to thank our H.O.D K.V Krishna Kishore, C.S.E 8. Now we need to link the IOIO library and IOIO department staff, E.C.E department staff and we would also Bluetooth library to your project which will give you full thank our principal Madhu Sudhan for their help and access to the IOIO API. The IOIOLib and IOIOLibBT encouragement in our project. directories contain the libraries that allow you to REFERENCES communicate to the IOIO board. 9. Follow the exact same steps in 3 and 4 above, [1] www.Androidmarket.com. except use the IOIOLib file and then the IOIOLibBT instead [2] http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/usb/adk.html. of the HelloIOIO file. [3] http://www.sparkfun.com/products/10748. 10. After you added the library files into the workspace, select the HelloIOIO project, then on the top [4] http://sensortech.wordpress.com/category/object-detectionsensors/. toolbar goto: Project > Properties. Then, select 'Android' in the list to the left. In the 'Library' section, click add, then add [5] http://www.answers.com/search?q=orientation+sensor. both the IOIOLib and IOIOLibBT libraries. [6] https://github.com/ytai/ioio/wiki/Power-Supply. Also, make sure the 'Project Build Target' is properly [7] http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://dlnmh9ip6v2u selected according to the specific Android OS you are using. c.cloudfront.net/images/products/MaxSonarThe next thing you need to do is make sure your app has EZ1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sparkfun.com/short/8502&h= internet permissions. To do this, open the 594&w=600&sz=63&tbnid=nrAduhAFKI26gM:&tbnh=90&t AndroidManifest.xml file located in the main project tree. bnw=91&zoom=1&docid=Us_CEoj8NMot6M&hl=en&sa=X Make sure you are in the permissions tab, then click Add > &ei=VGqrT6OJFcOqrAeNpd3hBQ&sqi=2&ved=0CIoBEPU BMAU&dur=332. Usage Permissions, then make sure the 'Name' field is android.permission.INTERNET. After you have done this [8] http://www.sparkfun.com/products/8502. and saved your project, the projects explorer window should look something like this: The project tree has many files. [9] A single camera based rear obstacle detection system http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=59404 You really don't need to mess with the IOIOLib project tree 99&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fstamp%2Fs so you can minimize that one. The file that contains the java tamp.jsp%3Ftp%3D%26arnumber%3D5940499. code for the IOIO is in HelloIOIO > scr > ioio.examples.hello > Main Activity. java. Double click on [10] Generic obstacle detection on method for collision avoidance http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=59405 the MainActivity.java file. Here you can start writing code 03&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fstamp%2Fs and changing the HelloIOIO sketch. At this point you can tamp.jsp%3Ftp%3D%26arnumber%3D5940503. keep reading or jump immediately to setting up your IOIO [11] Enhanced road boundary and obstacle detection using board and testing the app. The Main Activity. java file downward looking LIDAR contains the code that talks to the IOIO board. If you want to sensorhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber= change the UI (user interface or graphics) of your app, the 6122515&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fstam p%2Fstamp.jsp%3Ftp%3D%26arnumber%3D6122515. res > layout > main.xml file is where you make the changes. The main.xml file in the HelloIOIO example uses [12] Design and implementation of wireless obstacle detection an interface system for safe locomotion 2. Connection of Range finder to the IOIO board and write a http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber =6169792&contentType=Conference+Publications&queryTe program in eclipse for sensor to get readings of sensor xt%3DDesign+and+implementation+of+wireless+obstacle+d voltage.
etection+system+for+safe+locomotion.

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International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2012
[13] Obstacle detection and avoidance for an autonomous surface vehicle using profiling sonar http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=59805 09&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fstamp%2Fs tamp.jsp%3Ftp%3D%26arnumber%3D5980509. [14] Detection of moving obstacles for mobile robot using laser sensor http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=60008 50&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fstamp%2Fs tamp.jsp%3Ftp%3D%26arnumber%3D6000850.

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Earnest Paul Ijjina Earnest Paul Ijjina completed B.Tech in Computer Science with distinction. With GATE percentage of 99.63, he joined M.Tech in Computer Science at IIT Kharagpur, and has done his project in association with Mechanical Engg.dept,(inter-departmental project).Later he joined MorganStanely as an IT analyst in 2007and he became a manager by 2011.He is currently working as an assistant professor in Dept of Computer Science and Engg at Vignan University and his current active area of research in Android mobile Operating System.. Ravela Vijaya Deepthi Ravela Vijaya Deepthi completed B.Tech in Computer Science in Karunya University at Coimbatore, she is a student now doing M.Tech in Vignan University in Department of Computer Science and Engineering doing research on Android mobile operating System. .

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