Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Other New Provisions listed per the present Chapter 6 organization (not discussed here)
6.2Definitions Definitionofmeanroofheight Definitionofsimplediaphragmbuilding Figure62revisionpertainingtotheEnclosedLowRiseSimpleDiaphragmBuilding Method Figure610revisionandrewordingpertainingtotheLowRiseBuildingMethod 6.5.6.3DownwindTransitionfromExposureD 6.5.9.3Roofaggregate 6.5.11.4Overhangs Table64Freestandingwallsandsigns
Upcoming Changes to the ASCE 7 Wind Design Commentary listed per the present Chapter 6 organization (not discussed here)
C6.5.4SaffirSimpsonCategory C6.5.6reference C6.5.6.6Multipleroughnessregimes TableC68z0forExposureB C6.5.6z0andalpha Exampleofroughnesstransitioncalculations C6.6WindTunneldatabase
ENVELOPEPROCEDURE:
Aprocedurefordeterminingwindload casesonbuildings,inwhichpseudo externalpressurecoefficientsarederived frompastwindtunneltestingof prototypicalbuildingmodelssucessively rotatedthrough360degrees,suchthat thepseudopressurecasesproducekey structuralactions(uplift,horizontalshear, bendingmoments,etc.)thatenvelope theirmaximumvaluesamongallpossible winddirections. FormerlyreferredtoasMethod1Enclosed SimpleDiaphragmLowRiseandMethod2 AnalyticalProcedureLowRise,butnot explainedasaseparatemethodology
FormerlyreferredtoasMethod2 AnalyticalProcedure,AllHeights
FormerlyreferredtoasMethod3
Chapter 27 WIND LOADS (MWFRS) DIRECTIONAL PROCEDURE FOR ENCLOSED, 4 PARTIALLY ENCLOSED, AND OPEN BUILDINGS OF ALL HEIGHTS 27.1Scope PARTIEnclosedandPartiallyEnclosedBuildingsofAllHeights
27.2GeneralRequirements 27.3VelocityPressure 27.4WindLoads
PARTIIEnclosedSimpleDiaphragmBuildingswithh160Feet
27.5GeneralRequirements 27.6WindLoads PARTIIhasbeenaddedtoASCE710tocoverthecommonpracticalcasesof enclosedsimplediaphragmbuildingsuptoheighth=160ft.Designwindpressures aretabulateddirectlyusingtheDirectionalApproachofPARTI
Frequency calculation to determine whether a building is flexible, (listed per the present Chapter 6 organization)
6.5.8 GustEffectFactor. 6.5.8.1FrequencyDetermination.Todeterminewhetherabuildingor structureisrigidorflexibleasdefinedinSection6.2,thefundamental frequencyofthestructure,n1,inthedirectionunderconsiderationshallbe establishedforbuildingsgreaterthan60feetinheight,usingthestructural propertiesanddeformationalcharacteristicsoftheresistingelementsina properlysubstantiatedanalysis.Asanalternativetoperformingananalysisto determinethefrequencyofthestructure,n1,itispermittedtousethe approximatebuildingfrequency,na,forsteel,concrete,ormasonrybuildings lessthanorequalto300feetinheight,directlycalculatedinaccordancewith Section6.5.8.2.Buildingsupto60feetinheightarepermittedtobe consideredrigid. Note, per 6.2 Definitions, RIGID BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES: The defining criteria for rigid, in comparison to flexible, is that the natural frequency is greater than or equal to 1 Hz
n1 =385(Cw)0.5/H
100 n H cw = h AB i =1 i Ai hi 1 + 0.83 D i
2
AB = base area of the structure (ft2) Ai = area of shear wall i (ft2) Di = length of shear wall i(ft) hi = height of shear wall i (ft)
n1 = building natural frequency (hertz) H = building height (ft) n = # of shear walls in building effective in resisting lateral forces in direction under consideration
Chapter 28 WIND LOADS (MWFRS) - ENVELOPE PROCEDURE FOR ENCLOSED AND PARTIALLY ENCLOSED LOW-RISE BUILDINGS 28.1Scope PARTIEnclosedandPartiallyEnclosedLowRiseBuildings
28.2Scope 28.3VelocityPressure 28.4WindLoads MainWindForceResistingSystem
PARTIIEnclosedSimpleDiaphragmLowRiseBuildings
28.5GeneralRequirements 28.6WindLoads MainWindForceResistingSystem
Chapter 29 WIND LOADS (MWFRS) BUILDING APPURTENANCES AND OTHER STRUCTURES 29.1Scope 29.2GeneralRequirements 29.3VelocityPressure 29.4DesignWindLoads SolidFreestandingWallsandSolid FreestandingSigns 29.5DesignWindLoads OtherStructures 29.6RooftopStructuresandEquipmentforBuildingswithh60ft. 29.7Parapets ThisisaDirectionalProcedure
Chapter 30 WIND LOADS COMPONENTS AND CLADDING 30.1Scope 30.2GeneralRequirements 30.3VelocityPressure PARTIEnclosedandPartiallyEnclosedLowRiseBuildings
30.4DesignWindPressuresforEnclosedandPartiallyEnclosedLowRise Buildingswithh60ft. 30.5DesignWindPressuresforEnclosedandPartiallyEnclosedLowRise Buildingswith60ft.<h<90ft.
PARTIIEnclosedLowRiseBuildings
30.6Conditions 30.7DesignWindPressuresforEnclosedLowRiseBuildingsh60ft.
PARTIVEnclosedSimpleDiaphragmBuildingswithh160ft.
30.9GeneralRequirements 30.10WindLoads ComponentsandCladding
ThissectionhasbeenaddedtoASCE710tocoverthecommonpracticalcaseof enclosedbuildingsuptoheighth=160ft.Table30.91includeswallandroof pressuresforflatroofs(<10deg),gableroofs,hiproofs,monosloperoofsand mansardroofs.PressuresarederivedfromFig.30.81(flatroofs),Fig.30.41B,Cand D(gableandhiproofs)andFig.30.42(monosloperoofs)ofPart3.TheGCpvalues fromthesefigureswerecombinedwithaninternalpressurecoefficient(+or 0.18) toobtainanetcoefficientfromwhichpressureswerecalculated.
PARTVOpenBuildingsofAllHeightswithMonoslope,Pitchedor TroughFreeRoofs
30.11DesignWindPressuresforOpenBuildingsofAllHeightswith Monoslope,PitchedorTroughFeeRoofs
PARTVIBuildingAppurtenances(RoofOverhangsandParapets)
30.12RoofParapets 30.13RoofOverhangs
v. Theminimumeffectivewidth
i i i
h B / h consideringallpossiblewinddirections.Thesummationsareoverthe
heightofthebuildingforeachwinddirection,hiistheheightabovegradeofleveli ,and Bi isthewidthatlevelinormaltothewinddirection.
Designwindspeedreturnperiodisbasedonoccupancy,andthe ImportanceFactoristhuseliminated
I (ASCE 7- 05)
105 * 1.6 * 0.77 gives the LRFD equivalent of 105 * 1.6 gives the LRFD equivalent of 105 * 1.6 * 1.15 gives the LRFD equivalent of
117
133 142
Table C6-ZZc 1.6 * Bas ic Wind Spe e d Saffir /Sim ps on Hur r icane Cate gor y Cate gor y 1 Bar Harbor, Maine Hampton Beach, New Hampshire Boston, Massachusetts Hyannis, Massachusetts New port, Rhode Island New Haven, Connecticut Southampton, New York Brooklyn, New York Atlantic City, New Jersey Bow ers Beach, Delaw are Ocean City, Maryland V irginia Beach, Virginia Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina Folley Beach, South Carolina Sea Island, Georgia Jacksonville Beach, Florida Melbourne, Florida Miami Beach, Florida Key West, Florida Clearw ater, Florida P anama City, Florida Gulf Shores, Alabama Biloxi, Mississippi Slidell, Louisiana Cameron, Louisiana Galveston, Texas P ort Aransas, Texas Haw aii P uerto Rico Virgin Islands 82 (36.7) 108 (48.3) 156 (69. 7) Wind Spe e d, m ph (m /s ) 130 (58.1) 191 (85. 4) Cate gor y 2 Cate gor y 3 Cate gor y 4 Cate gor y 5
Relation between Saffir - Simpson Hurricane Scale Winds to Peak Gust Speeds Over Open Terrain
SaffirSimpson category sustained (1-minute) wind speed over open water (mph) 74-94 95-110 111-130 131-155 >155 3-second Peak Gust over open terrain (mph) ASCE 7-05 [Vickery, 2000] 82-108 109-130 131-156 157-191 >191 Updated 3-second Peak Gust over open terrain (mph) ASCE 7-10 [Simiu, Vickery, Kareem, 2007] 81-105 106-121 122-143 144-171 >171
1 2 3 4 5
Windborne Debris
WINDBORNEDEBRISREGIONS:Areaswithinhurricaneprone regionslocated: 1. Within1mileofthecoastalmeanhighwaterlinewherethe basicwindspeed,forthebuildingcategoryunderconsideration, is equaltoorgreaterthan130110 mi/handinHawaii or 2. Inareaswherethebasicwindspeed,forthebuildingcategory underconsideration, isequaltoorgreaterthan140120 mi/h. Reasoning:adjustthewindspeed totheLRFDdesignlevelwithaLFof 1.0insteadof1.6,andreferencethenewstrengthlevelwindmaps ofreturnperiodsthatareoccupancycategorydependent
Differences between Content in the Standard and Local Codes, per ASCE and NCSEA
Materialthatisleftinthebuildingcode conformstooneofthefollowingcriteria: Relatestolocalclimatic,terrain,orotherenvironmental conditions,whichmanybuildingofficialswillwishtospecifywhen adoptingthemodelcodebylocalordinance.Thisincludes specificationofbasicwindspeeds,terrain,exposureandsimilar provisions. Relatestoenforcementoftypesofconstructionwhichisoften setbyconditionsolocalpractice,materialsavailabilityand constructionindustrycapabilities Isnotpresentlycoveredinanadequatemannerbyanational consensusstandard.Thisincludestomaterialcoveringroofing materials,hurricaneprotectionofopenings,etc.
February,2005
Jim Rossberg, Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE, representing NCSEA Code Advisory Committee and ASCE/SEI