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b8lrucl-- Afer the synchronous interconnection of Turkish
Power System to ENTSO-E CESA (former UCTE) System, inter
area oscillations in the range of 0.15 Hz are prone to occur,
according to simulation studies. Therefore, some preventive
measures should be considered in order to ensure stable
operation of the network afer the interconnection. This study
summarizes the efects of following measures based on computer
simulations: 1) Retuning of power system stabilizers (PSS) of the
important power plants in Turkey, 2)Controller modifcation of
static VAR compensators (SVC) existing in steel melting arc
furnaces that are supplied directly from the transmission system,
3) Controller modifcation of =50 MAR STATCOM which is
designed for voltage regulation, 4) Application of breaking
resistors as a backup measure in case of malfunctioning of the
other solutions. In addition to individual analysis of each
measure, their combined contribution is also analyzed. A load
fow scenario, in which Turkey exports 900 MW to ENTO-E
CESA System, is utilized as a reference scenario. In simulations,
Turkish grid is represented in detail and a reduced
representation of ENTSO-E CESA network, which consists of 75
nodes and 133 lines, is utilized. The results show positive
contribution of each measure to system damping performance.
The study includes comparison of each preventive measure's
contribution level and conclusive recommendations.
Ndm crm8-- Interconnected power systems, Power system
control, Power system dynamic stability, Power system
simulation, Static V AR compensators.
I. INTRODUCTION
J
he Turkish TSO (TEIAS) has been leading a project
aiming the synchronous interconnection of the Turkish
Power System with ENTSO-E system. Initial studies
regarding this project reveal the requirements fom Turkish
grid to make the interconnection possible and sustainable. In
order to satisf the system-wide requirements, some
expectations are defned for power plants, in the scope of
oscillatory stability (i.e., small signal rotor angle stability).
As the consequence of the feasibility studies which have
been carried on so far about the synchronous interconnection
of Turkish Power System with ENTSO-E System, it is
expected that, afer the interconnection of Turkish Power
O. B. Tor, C. Gencoglu, O. Yilmaz, E. Cebeci are with TUBITAK Space
Technologies Research Institute, METU Campus, Ankara, 06531, Turkey (e
mail: osman.tor@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr;cihangir.gencoglu@uzay.tubitakgov.tr;
oguz.yilmaz@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr; erkut.cebeci@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr;
A. N. Guven is with the Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06531, Turkey (e
mail: guven@metu.edu.tr).
978-1-1?11-910-7/10/$?6.00!?010IEEE
System to ENTSO-E-CESA system, inter-area oscillations
with a fequency of around 0,15 Hz are prone to occur.
Therefore, the Turkish TSO, namely TEIAS, is expected to
satisf the system-wide stability criterions so as to guarantee
the stable operation of the grid before synchronous
interconnection of two systems.
To preserve the small signal rotor angle stability of the
interconnected system, following precautions have been
recommended to the Turkish TSO by the UCTE Working
Committee [3]:
Retuning of governors of major hydroelectric power
plants so as not to deteriorate the overall system
damping for low fequency inter area oscillations
Retuning of PSSs of considerable size power plants so
as to damp low fequency inter-area oscillations
Modifcation of ST ATCOMs to enhance damping in
case of poorly damped low fequency inter-area
oscillations
Modifcation of SVCs to enhance damping in case of
poorly damped low fequency inter-area oscillations
Installation of Braking Resistors as a back up
preventive measure to enhance damping in case of
poorly damped low fequency inter-area oscillations
The relative effect of the above mentioned damping
measures was expected to be verifed via simulation studies.
In this paper, studies are focused on the evaluation of the
relative effect of the above mentioned precautions on system
damping.
II. SIMULATION MODEL
The simulation studies are conducted based on the ENTSO
E CESA system dynamical data (comprised of 75 Nodes and
133 Lines) provided by The University of Rostock and the
comprehensive dynamical data of Turkish Power System,
mainly obtained fom site tests of TUBIT AK UZA Power
Systems Department and partially provided by TEIAS.
In this study, while assessing the steady state stability of the
system, in addition to time domain analysis, eigenvalue
analysis has also been performed for some scenarios. By this
method, poorly damped and undamped modes (if any) of the
linearized system have been shown. Note that since the system
is quite large, only the most poorly damped eigenvalues
corresponding to the state variables "machine speed" and
"rotor angle", are calculated by DIgSILENT PowerFactory
sofware. The sofware is utilized to calculate only the selected
eigenvalues by Amold-Lanczos method, around the point in
eigenspace [
K
_ L__)-(0, 2*n*0.15)=(0, 0.95), which
corresponds to the point at the limit of stability for the
expected mode of inter-area oscillations. It is also important to
note here that eigenvalue analysis is made by linearizing the
system around an operating point (by the simulation program),
hence it shows the performance of the system for small
perturbations around the operating point, hence such analysis
only give a rough idea on the tendency of the system to
instability. Since any power system is a large nonlinear system
comprising of nonlinear controllers, generators, loads and
other switching devices, no conclusion can be drawn regarding
the overall rotor angle stabilit of the system by such analysis.
Hence the only way to understand and illustrate the behavior
of the nonlinear system is performing time domain
simulations. Although a conclusion can not be drawn
regarding stability, by eigenvalue analysis, the fequency
range of possible undamped and poorly damped modes can be
seen.
III. SIMULATION RESULTS
A. Base Case
The Base Case corresponds to minimum loading of both the
Turkish Power System and the ENTSO-E System which can
also be named as the worst case scenario. The base case is the
operational scenario where growing oscillations have been
observed in the system. In Fig. , the eigenvalue plot of the
system is shown. In Table I, the most poorly damped
eigenvalues corresponding to the state variables machine
speed and rotor angle for Base Case are listed. In Fig. 2, the
transient response of the system afer a 1200MW outage in
ENTSO-E CESA region is shown. The modes illustrated in
Fig. 1 are listed in Table I.
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s

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0,4
0,20
2
the equilibrium point, has some eigenvalues on the right hand
side of the eigenspace. However, this result does not prove
that the system is unstable due to the essentially nonlinear
nature of power systems. Hence, linear analysis tools can not
be directly utilized in assessing system nonlinear stability.
Therefore, the most convenient way of assessing the stabilit
of a large interconnected power system is to perform numeric
simulations. The time domain simulations carried out with the
same model prove that the system is unstable as illustrated in
Fig. 2. The blue trend illustrated in Fig. 2 corresponds to the
fequency of Turkey whereas the red trend corresponds to the
fequency of Spain afer an outage. Possible reasons of
undamped oscillations in this case are the minimized damping
efect due to generators and industrial loads such as induction
motors those are out of service in this period of the day.
Mode
Mode 2
Mode J
Mode 4
ModeS
Mode b
Mode 7
TABLE!
JHNLbJ LLKX LNL NLLb LI JHbXbJN P
JHXLJL PJK~K DPL
Imaginary
Damped
Real Part Frequency
Part
(Hz)
-0,0874294 0,809913 0,1289017
0,2551103 0,7674463 0,1221429
-0,2578936 0,7927783 0,1261746
-0,2 0,6 0,09549297
-0,2980327 0,6632116 0,1055534
-0,249159 0,6256811 0,09958024
-0,0874294 0,6244366 0,09938218
Damping
Ratio
0,1073256
-0,315443
0,3093471
0,3162278
0,4098928
0,369965
0,369716
requenyureyanpanAnera 200Mu|ae
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me(see;
Fig. 2. The time domain simulation result of the system afer a 1200 MW
Outage in ENTSO-E CESA
As can be directly seen fom Fig. 2, low fequency inter
area modes (0.13 Hz in this case) are prone to appear in the
system afer weak system conditions, those may occur afer
the outage of a major element of the system as stated in the
preliminary interconnection studies. This risk brings the
necessity of additional damping measures to be taken.
:+7 ,Z0 ,TZ0 v,v 0,TZ0 K8I FR jJ|s B. Retuning of PSSs of Major Power Plants
Fig. 1. The most poorly damped modes of the system in inter-area band
As can be seen both fom Fig. 1 and fom Table I, the
linearized system around the steady state operating point, i.e.,
The most important damping measure to be taken against
the risk of inter-area oscillations afer interconnected operation
is the retuning of the PSSs of considerable size power plants,
according to the optimized parameters so as not to deteriorate
(and if possible improve) the natural damping of the machines
for low fequency inter-area oscillations [15]. However,
according to the feedback coming fom the excitation s

stem
manufacturers regarding the applicability of the theoretIcally
optimized settings and due to some site specifc factors, the
theoretically optimized settings are seldom applicable in
practice.
The PSS retuning study was made unit by unit individually
by the contributors of the Task 4 of the "Rehabilitation of
frequency control performance of Turkish power system for
synchronous operation with UCTE" project which was led by
Swissgrid, rather than performing a system-wide global
optimization study regarding suitable PSS settings so as to
damp low fequency inter area modes. Therefore, he keyst

ne
of this approach was that since none of the consIderable sIze
generators would amplif the inter-area power swings, the
steady state stability of the overall system would be enhanced.
As stated before, the applicability and effectiveness of the
unit-wise proposed PSS settings were checked by site tests
mentioned in [8]-[14], which concer the improvement of
natural damping of the machine for both the local modes and
the inter area modes.
In the site tests, in order to test the effectiveness of the
proposed PSS settings for local modes, step response tests
were conducted by injecting 2 (or 3) step disturbance on
A VR voltage set point (or by changing the voltage set point).
The step tests were repeated for PSS on and off cases
separately.
A fgure of merit for the effectiveness of PSS settings -or
local mode damping is the extinction of generator actIve
power oscillations within two swings (i.e. one period) when
the generator is loaded close to its fll rating in the previously
mentioned step response tests. An important consideration for
the applicability of the PSS settings those are successful in
damping local modes is that, even if the active power
oscillations are well damped, no steady state oscillations
should be observed in the feld voltage thus the reactive power
following the disturbances. Those steady state feld voltage
oscillations around the operating point are due to amplifcation
of inherent noise in all practical systems by the large gain of
the PSS, which indicates that the applied PSS gain is
inapplicable, hence should be reduced by certain amount.
The step response test results of a sample power plant are
illustrated in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 for the PSS off and PSS on
cases.

o

. .

i

. . ___ ___ __ ___ | ___ I __ - ___ __ _

-----
.
r
.

..

..

....

. .

. .

m _ ro
Time (c)
Fig. 3. Step Response Test Results with PSS Of
3

.
lme(sec)
Fig. 4. Step Response Test Results with PSS On
By examining Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, it has been concluded that
the PSS settings were suitable for damping local mode rotor
angle oscillations considering the previously mentioned
applicability criteria.
.
In order to check the effectiveness of the proposed settmgs
for entire fequency range of interest in addition to local mode
swings, fequency response tests were conducted by injecting
a white noise signal or pink noise signal, fom the A VR
summing junction, in order to observe the effect of the PSS for
certain fequency range. This test was also performed for PSS
off case and PSS on cases separately.
Finally, to evaluate the fequency test results, FFT analysis
were applied on the recorded active power output signal. It is
expected that when the PSS is on, the amplitude of active
power oscillations will be less than the PSS off case for the
entire fequency range fom 0.1 Hz to 5 Hz.
It is important to note here that, it is better to perform the
fequency tests via injecting pure sinusoids fom the A VR
summing junction at specifc fequencies so as to cover the
entire fequency band of interest, rather than injecting 1lf
type noise signal. However, this approach may not be always
possible due to equipment and time limitations.
The frequency response test results of a sample power plant
are illustrated in Fig. 5 for the PSS off and PSS on cases.
.

'
1

'
'
. .

'
'

.
' ' | |
___

___!___

___.___L___

___3___ |_____ _
' ' | |
'
'
' ' | |
. .. .. . . . ...... _.. . _ . .....
' ' | |
'
' ' | |
_ ___ .___ L___

___ u___ L_____ _

' ' | |
'
'
' ' | |
. . . . ......_ . . . . .....
3.5 4.5
Fig. 5. Amplitude Spectrum of Active Power Variations for PSS Of (Blue)
and PSS On (Red) Cases
It is concluded by examining Fig. 5 that the retuned PSS
settings are suitable for damping rotor angle oscillations in the
frequency range fom 0.1 Hz to 3 Hz; in addition to not
exciting the high fequency torsional modes.
L System-Wide Efect of Retuning of PSSs of Major Power
Plants
This case is simulated to show the transient response of the
same system in the Base Case, with the application of on site
applied PSS parameters, which were verifed to damp (at least
not to disturb) low fequency inter-area oscillations by site
tests (i.e., the same network topology and the same dispatch
scenario with the modifcation of the PSS settings of all major
power plants).
In Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the fequency of the coherent
generators in Turkey and Europe afer a 1200 MW outage in
ENTSO-E CESA region is shown separately. It can be clearly
seen that the oscillations are well damped with respect to the
base case illustrated in Fig. 2.
TbTim0omainSimuIabonofmntconnctdSt
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;z +z

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t|e(seej
Fig. 6. The Expected Transient Response of the Turkish System afer a 1200
MW Outage in ENTSO-E CESA afer Retuning of PSSs of All Major Power
Plants in the Turkish Power System
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Fig. 7. The Expected Transient Response of the ENTSO-E CESA System
afer a 1200 M Outage in ENTSO-E CESA afer Retuning of PSSs of All
Major Power Plants in the Turkish Power System
As stated before, in this paper, studies are focused on the
evaluation of relative effect of proposed precautions on system
damping. It is important to note here that since the simulation
4
model is representative, the simulation results will not show
the exact situation afer interconnected operation. However,
the simulation model is reliable enough to assess the
effectiveness of retuned PSSs and other damping measures,
hence it can be concluded that the basic behavior of the system
will be in this fashion.
Fig. 7 is illustrates that the low frequency inter-area modes
are still present in the system in this case, although they are
not clear for some coherent generators as the one illustrated in
Fig. 6. The main reason is that, such oscillations are not
observable in the generators in Turkey afer the retuning study
ofPSSs of major power plants.
Therefore, the main reason for the different behavior
between the generators throughout the system as illustrated in
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, is the difference in observability (commonly
referred to as the "mode shape"), of the poorly damped modes
of the system (or combination of modes) for different state
variables (rotor angle and machine speed for this case). It is
important to note here that the "mode shape" of the state
variable is the entry of the right eigenvector of the specifc
mode, that corresponds to the specifc state variable in the
state vector (i.e., a vector comprised of generator load angles
and rotor speeds in this case).
In Fig. 7, the fequency trend illustrated with the blue line
corresponds to the generator where the observabilit of the
most poorly damped mode is found out to be the greatest. As
expected, this generator with a coherent set of generators,
swing against the other coherent generator sets in the system.
It can also be concluded that the generators in Turkey
behave in a coherent manner afer the retuned PSS settings are
applied to all major power plants. By careflly examining and
comparing Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 together with the other simulation
variables, it can be concluded that the onsite applied PSS
settings are effective in improving system damping for low
fequency inter-area oscillations.
!. System-Wide Efect of Controller Modication of the
STATCOM
This case is simulated to illustrate the relative effect of
STATCOM that is being planned to be modifed to act as a
damping measure [16]. The network topology and the dispatch
scenario are the same as the Base Case. In addition, a 50
MV AR ST AT COM, which i s coupled t o a busbar with a short
circuit MV A rating equal to 19170 MV A at minimum loading
conditions, is equipped with a Lw PSS-like controller device,
which provides an extra damping input to the ST ATCOM
controller, providing pure damping efect for the fequency
oscillations in expected inter-area oscillation bandwidth as
explained in [1].
An important remark regarding static devices is that due to
the nonlinearities in the controller structure of such devices
and since those devices are not rotating power system
elements such as motors and generators, eigenvalue analysis
(linear analysis) regarding the state vector comprised of rotor
speed and load angle of the machines do not give a clear idea
about system stability in those scenarios. Therefore,
eigenvalue analysis is not illustrated for this simulation case.
Another important consideration is that, the static damping
measures have to be installed in places where the power
system is relatively weak whereas the resistive component of
loading is high. Since the voltage on a strong busbar will not
change signifcantly with reactive power variations of limited
capacity, the effect of static damping measures is limited in
case they are installed in places where the transmission
network is strong.
It should also be noted that for all simulations regarding the
modifcation of static devices and braking resistors, the
corresponding busbar voltage was checked not to exceed the
+/- 5 operational performance limits regarding voltage
stability, although not illustrated in a separate fgure.
In Fig. 8, the transient response of the system to a 1200MW
outage in ENTSO-E CESA region is shown. From Fig. 8, it
can clearly be seen that the Turkish Power System oscillates
against the ENTSO-E CESA system which means that the
observability of the poorly damped low fequency inter-area
mode (or combination of modes) is greater for the generators
those are electrically close to Easter Europe and Turkey.
im 0om|nSimu|a||onof|h|ntmonnctdSytm
s,

=-..--,of ce|c;a
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| ' | ' |
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.._......._.._....._.._..
++- - t - -

- - 1 - - - -

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++
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-
-,
-
,
-
, ,,
t.e(seej
Fig. 8. The Expected Transient Response of the System afer a 1200 M
Outage in ENTSO-E CESA afer Controller Modifcation of the 50 MVAR
ST A TCOM in the Turkish Power System
E. System-Wide Efect of Controller Modication ofSVCs
This case is simulated to illustrate the relative effect of
SVCs as a damping measure [16]. The network topology and
the dispatch scenario are the same as the Base Case. In
addition, some SVCs are equipped with a w PSS-like device
which provides an extra damping input to the SVC controller
providing pure damping effect for the fequency oscillations in
expected inter-area oscillation bandwidth.
Throughout the simulation study, it has been assumed that 3
out of 4 modifed SVCs those are equipped with a w PSS
like damping controller are considered to be operational at the
incident time, in addition to the Base Case. Namely; the SVC
1 which has a capacity of 31 0 MV AR and is coupled to a 3093
MV A busbar, the SVC 2 which has a capacity of 300 MV AR
is coupled to a 4942 MV A busbar and the SVC 3 which has a
capacity of 330 MV AR and is coupled to a 7623 MV A busbar.
In Fig. 9, the transient response of the system to a 1200MW
outage in ENTSO-E CESA region is shown and it can clearly
be seen that the low fequency inter-area modes are well
damped with the addition of the additional damping measure.
Tim0omainSimuIaonofth|ntrconnctd Sytm
' ' | | '
....._ .... ....._.........

+.+
____ _ ____ '____ _____ '____ .____ _
+

+:
++

,
,,
t|e(seej
5
Fig. 9. The Expected Transient Response of the Turkish System afer a 1200
MW Outage in ENTSO-E CESA afer Controller Modification of Listed
SVCs in the Turkish Power System
System-Wide Efect of Controller Modication of both the
STATCOM and SVCs
This case is simulated to illustrate the relative effect of the
combination of static devices (i.e., STATCOM and SVCs) as a
damping measure [16]. Note that due to the increased capacity
of static damping measures, better damping performance
throughout the system is expected. The network topology and
the dispatch scenario are the same as the Base Case. In
addition, the previously mentioned SVCs and the ST ATCOM
are equipped with a w PSS-like device which provides an
extra damping input to the SVC controller providing pure
damping effect for the fequency oscillations in expected
inter-area oscillation bandwidth.
In Fig. 10, the transient response of the system to a
1200MW outage in ENTSO-E CESA region is shown.

Tim 0omainSimu|aonottb|ntrconnc0 Sytm

s,.a+ -- ---- -- ---
s,.,,s
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,
-

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-
,
-

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-
s, ,
tie(sec,
Fig. 10. The Expected Transient Response of the Turkish System afer a 1200
MW Outage in ENTSO-E CESA afer Controller Modifcation of the
STA TCOM and Listed SVCs in the Turkish Power System
From Fig. 10, it can clearly be seen that the low fequency
inter-area modes are well damped with the increased capacity
of the additional damping measures.
. System-Wide Efect of Installation of a J. MW Braking
Resistor
This case is simulated to illustrate the relative effect of the
braking resistor as a damping measure [16]. The network
topology and the dispatch scenario are the same as the Base
Case. In addition, a braking resistor providing pure damping
effect for the fequency oscillations in expected inter-area
oscillation bandwidth is assumed to be installed.
Note that the location selection of the braking resistor does
not affect the damping as it was the case for static damping
measures, since the braking resistor provides damping effect
via active power. Note that, it is preferable to install the
braking resistor in a location where the transmission network
is rather strong regarding voltage stability of the location.
Another important thing to note here is that the mentioned
braking resistor rating is the total rating of the combination of
braking resistors. According to market investigations, the
maximum rating of a single three phase braking resistor was
up to 900 kW in steady state (i.e., 0.9MW). Since the location
selection of the braking resistor does not affect the damping
performance, for the sake of satisfing voltage stability and
simulation speed, the combination of all installed braking
resistor capacity is assumed to be concentrated at a single
strong busbar.
It is assumed throughout the simulation study that a 3.5
MW braking resistor at a 19170 MV A busbar is equipped with
its special controller in addition to the Base Case. In Fig. 11,
the transient response of the system to a 1200MW outage in
ENTSO-E CESA region and the power drained by the braking
resistor is shown.
|m

omain8imu|ationom|ntrconnc8tm
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7 1
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;

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1 1 51
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..
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Fig. 11. The Expected Transient Response of the Turkish System and the
Power Drained by the Braking Resistor afer a 1200 MW Outage in ENTSO-E
CESA
1 System-Wide Efect of Installation of a MW Braking
Resistor
It is assumed throughout the simulation study that a 5 MW
braking resistor at a 19170 MV A busbar is equipped with its
special controller in addition to the Base Case.
In Fig. 12, the transient response of the system to a
1200MW outage and the power drained by the braking resistor
is shown. As can directly be seen by analyzing Fig. 11 and
Fig. 12, as the rating of the braking resistor increases, the
damping performance of the system is enhanced as expected.
5

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m

n

m

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n

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nc
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..... .. .. ... .. .. .....

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6
Fig. 12. The Expected Transient Response of the Turkish System and the
Power Drained by the Braking Resistor afer a 1200 MW Outage in ENTSO-E
CESA
The total energy drained by the braking resistors as a fnction
of time is illustrated in Fig. 13 together with the system
fequency.

^
---s
|me Doma|nS|muet|onmthe|nterconnecte Sytem
________ __________ ,_____ ,____ J__
' | ' '

.
!
.

---
a

za
aa

ts
sa
zs
x
_ ts

sa
a
a
,_
aa za
Fig. 12. The Expected Transient Response of the Turkish System and the
Energy Drained by the Braking Resistor afer a 1200 MOutage in ENTSO
E CESA
IV. CONCLUSIONS
In this study, according to load fow and transient stability
simulations, several technically feasible system operational
scenarios are simulated and the worst case system operational
scenario considering small signal rotor angle stability is
observed to be the minimum loading scenario in summer due
to the minimized damping effect of the industrial loads and the
generators.
Based on the simulation studies, it has been observed that
retuning of PSSs of the considerable size power plants in
Turkey, which was an essential preliminary work to be
completed [16], is the most effective damping measure
regarding the system stability afer synchronous
interconnected operation of the Turkish Power System and
ENTSO-E CESA System.
In addition to the retuning of PSSs of the considerable size
power plants in Turkey, modifcation of controllers of
STATCOM and SVCs are also efective as additional
damping measures. However, the urgency of these extra
preventive measures should be verifed via W AMS
measurements once the trial synchronous interconnection is
established, since satisfactory damping performance was
observed with onsite applied PSS settings.
Installation of braking resistors can only be considered as a
long term investment as a backup, since the other counter
measures together with the protection system are expected to
provide sufcient damping performance.
V. REFERENCES
[I] 1. Machowski, 1.W. Bialek, 1.R. Bumby, Power System Dynamics:
Stabilit and Control, New York: Wiley, 2008.
[2] Union for the Coordination of Transmission of Electricity, UCTE
Operation Handbook, Union for the Coordination of Trnsmission of
Electricit, June 2004. [Online]. Available:
http://www.entsoe. eu/index. php?id=57 &no _ cache= I &sword _Iist[]=han
dbook. [Accessed May 31, 2010].
[3] "Preventive Measures for Effective Damping of Inter-area Oscillations
afer the Synchronous Interconnection of the Turkish Power System with
the UCTE Power System", UCTE, May 2009.
[4] M. Klein, G. 1. Rogers, P. Kundur, "A Fundamental Study of Inter-Area
Oscillations in Power Systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,
vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 914-921, Aug. 1991.
[5] H. Breulmann, E. Grebe, M. Losing, W Winter, R. Witzmann, P.
Dupuis, M.P. Houry, T. Margotin, 1. Zerenyi, 1. Dudzik, 1. Machowski,
L. Martin, 1. M. Rodriguez, E. Urretavizcaya, "Analysis and Damping of
Inter-Area Oscillations in the UCTE/CENTREL Power system", in
CIGRE session 2000,2000, paper 38-113.
[6] P. Kundur, Power System Stabilit and Control, New York: McGraw
Hill, 1994.
[7] IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power
System Stabilit Studies, IEEE Std. 421.5,2005.
[8] 1Taborda, "Proposal for A VR and PSS Settings Karakaya HPS," ABB,
Zurich, Switzerland, Jul. 2008.
[9] F. Riegger, "Ataturk Unit I PSS Test Results," ABB, Zurich,
Switzerland, Nov. 2008.
[10] 1 Taborda, "E1bistan B AVR & PSS Settings Analysis," JT Systems,
Nussbaumen, Switzerland, Dec. 2008.
[II] 1 Taborda, "PSS Tuning and Testing Report Oymapinar HPP," JT
Systems, Nussbaumen, Switzerland, Jan. 2010.
[12] 1. Taborda, "PSS Testing Report: ENKA CCPP UNiTS 21X (GT) and
21A (ST)," JT Systems, Nussbaumen, Switzerland, Apr. 2010.
[13] C Gencoglu, O.B. Tor, "PSS Retuning Site Tests for Gas Turbines of
Ankara (Baymina) NGCCPP: Observer Report", TUBITAK UZA Y
Power Systems Department Ankara, Turkey, Apr. 2010.
[14] C Gencoglu, O.B. Tor, "PSS Retuning Site Tests for Gas & Steam
Turbines of Izmir (Aliaga) NGCCPP: Observer Report", TUBIT AK
UZA Y Power Systems Department Ankara, Turkey, May. 2010.
[IS] "Complementary Studies for the Synchronization of the Turkish Power
System with the UCTE Power System", UCTE, May 2007.
[16] "Preventive Measures for Effective Damping of Inter Area Oscillations
afer the Synchronous Interconnection of the Turkish Power System with
the UCTE Power System", UCTE, May 2009.
7
VI. BIOGRAPHIES
Osman Bulent Tor (S'04) received the B.S., M.S. and
Ph.D. degrees from Middle East Technical University
(METU), Turkey, in 1998, 2001 and 2008, respectively. He
is working as a Chief Researcher at the Power Systems
Department of Space Technologies Research Institute of the
Scientifc and Technological Research Council of Turkey
(TUBIT AK). He is leading power system analysis group of
Power Systems Department.
TEIAS.
Cihangir Gencoglu (S '08) received the B.S. degree fom
Middle East Technical University (METU), Turkey, in 2008.
He is studying towards the completion of his M. S. degree in
METU. He is working as a Researcher at the Power Systems
Department of Space Technologies Research Institute of the
Scientifc and Technological Research Council of Turkey
(TUBITAK).
Oguz Yilmaz received B.S. and M.S. degrees fom Middle
East Technical University, Turkey, in 2002 and 2006.
Between 2003-2006, he was with Intergen-ENKA Izmir
CCPP as a power plant engineer responsible from electrical
equipment and turbine control systems. Currently he is
working as a Senior Researcher at the Power Systems
Department of TUBIT AK UZA Y being responsible fom
ENTSO-E interconnection and ancillary services studies for
Mahmut Erkut Cebeci (S'02) received the B.S. and M.S.
degrees fom Middle East Technical University (METU),
Turkey, in 2005 and 2008, respectively. He is working as a
Senior Researcher at the Power Systems Department of
Space Technologies Research Institute of the Scientific and
Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBIT AK).
Ali Nezih Guven (SM'OO) received the B.S. Degree fom
Middle East Technical University (METU), Turkey, M.S.
and Ph.D. degrees from the Ohio State University, USA, in
1979, 1981 and 1984, respectively. He is a professor in the
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at
METU at present.