IQRA UNIVERSITY Research Student Information Manual

A thesis is evidence of an individual's ability to conceptualize and carry out research as well as to communicate the results of that research in a coherent document. The research should address an important problem of manageable scope in the chosen field of study and it should make a significant contribution to the profession's theory or practices. Most commonly, the research work builds on previous research findings and involves the collection, analysis, and interpretation of new data. A thesis is not merely the effort of one scholar working in isolation. Research candidates benefit greatly from the input and support of faculty members, supervisor, and administrators. The thesis committee and others can offer important advice to the research candidate in areas such as the research design, data collection procedures, and analysis of data. the research. !efore beginning the thesis process, a research candidate should become familiar with thesis previously published in the specific field of study. This will help provide the student with an impression of the format and style of accepted thesis. "owever, the format of that thesis may differ in many particulars from the standards set forth in this Manual. #n these instances, the re$uirements detailed here should be regarded as the appropriate style. #$ra niversity is committed to the preservation and dissemination of the research contributions of its students. Most of the re$uirements outlined in this thesis manual are established with that commitment in mind. This thesis manual outlines procedures that are designed to make preparation as efficient as possible. The procedures are described below to avoid costly and time%consuming revisions in format. ltimately, however, the student remains responsible for the integrity of

Format Requirements
A typical thesis is made up of three main parts % &reliminaries Te't (upplementaries.

&hase%# )*omprehensive &roposal+ should be comprised of first three chapters. ,ach part may be organized as shown below-

Preliminary Pages
. /lyleaf . Title page . Approval sheet . Abstract . Acknowledgments . 0edication . Table of *ontents . 1ist of Tables . 1ist of /igures . 1ist of (ymbols )optional+

Text
Main body of the Thesis The main te't contains the following chapters-

Ch 1) Introduction
#t includes the following parts !ackground &roblem #dentification &roblem statement Research 2uestion Rationale of the study

3b4ectives of the study (cope of (tudy 0efinition of the terms

Ch 2) Literature Review and Research Model

1ast three to five years relevant research studies5literature reviews have been thoroughly studied. *ritics based on recent literature5 imperially data5 practices have been developed. !ased on critics and unstructured interviews the gap has been indentified. *omprehensive conceptualization of model5empirical5empirical gap and

hypotheses development have been done. 6oice of the researcher has been included in support with given references. The marketable value of the research has been ensured.

Ch 3) Method
#t includes the following headings#n case of &rimary data Research design &opulation and sample (ampling design Measurement 0ata collection procedure 0ata analysis techni$ues &ilot study )which includes ,/A, */A and Reliability analysis+ (ample 5 data

#n case of (econdary data 0ata sources 0ata collection procedure 0ata analysis techni$ues

Ch ) Results and !iscussion Ch ") Conclusion and Recommendations

*onclusion /uture research5practices Recommendations 1imitations of study &ractical5Managerial #mplications

#u$$lementaries
. References or bibliography . Appendices )optional+

Procedural Requirements
7. The candidate should propose supervisor to discuss possible research area by choosing the name of the supervisor from the list of supervisors approved by the #$ra Research *entre, #2RA niversity. 8. (tudent should get approval of his 5 her supervisor appointment from the 0irector of #$ra Research *entre by filling and getting signature on thesis commencement form from centre. 9. After getting supervisor approved by the 0irector of #$ra Research *entre, the student should arrange time to meet the supervisor to discuss the possible research area. :. After the initial discussion with the supervisor, the candidate should prepare a brief research plan. 3ne month after allocation of supervisor, the student must submit at least 9 pages research plan duly signed by supervisor at #$ra Research *entre. The research plan should comprise of the following parts- % a+ Research Area b+ Motivation for research c+ #mportance of proposed work d+ Market value of research e+ *ontribution to society5industry

;. After getting approval from #$ra research *entre, student should start research under the supervision of his5her supervisor. (tudent has to submit the &%7 duly signed by the supervisor within ne't three months. <. &%7 of thesis comprises of three chapters. a+ #ntroduction b+ 1iterature Review c+ Methodology =. All students must defend their &%7 on a specific date given by #$ra Research *entre. >. After the successfully defending &%7 students should start &%8 under same supervisor. All students should complete their &%8 in ne't four months5semester. ?. The main body of thesis comprises of five chapters. a+ #ntroduction b+ 1iterature Review c+ Methodology d+ Results and 0iscussion e+ *onclusion and Recommendations 7@. After the completion of thesis, student has to submit three spiral bound copies of complete thesis with the approval certificate of his5her supervisor at #$ra Research *entre for final defense within due date. (tudents should also submit complete research paper e'tracted from the thesis. 77. (tudents may be asked to produce the material cited in the thesis. 78. The supervisor may check the plagiarism5similarity by the means of turnitin software. (upervisor is allowed to produce ma'imum two plagiarism5similarity reports and save. #$ra research centre will also check and confirm similarity5plagiarism. Ma'imum 8@A similarity is allowed. 79. (tudent has to defend his5her thesis before the e'amination committee that comprises of four members i.e. #nternal e'aminer ,'ternal e'aminer 0irector Research Research *oordinator

7:. The supervisor of the student must be present in the defense. 15. After defending the thesis, the student has to incorporate all the corrections given by the e'aminers during the final defense and submit compliance report on a specific format duly signed by the supervisor at #$ra Research *entre. )(ee compliance report in the a endi! "+. 7<. After incorporating all the corrections given by the panelists during final defense, student has to get signatures of supervisor, internal e'aminer, e'ternal e'aminer, director research and 0ean # #* on the final approval sheet. 7=. The final approval sheet is placed after the title page of hardbound copy of final thesis. )(ee approval sheet in the a endi! E+.

Rules and Re#ulations %inal !e&ense

*onsensus would be developed among the panelists )#nternal e'aminer, ,'ternal e'aminer and (upervisor, Research 0irector+ before awarding the acceptance or re4ection of the thesis.

Max Time %rame ' Penalty

Ma'imum duration for the submission of final hard$ound copy of thesis is 7@ months starting from the date of enrollment. Two%month e'tension may be granted to student if he5she is at the final stage of thesis and cannot submit due to solid reason. #n case of failure, student will have to re%register &%8 in subse$uent semesters in order to continue and complete the same research work.

Research classes
>@A attendance in &%7 and &%8 classes is necessary for research students.

Preliminary Pages
These pages are numbered with lower case Roman numerals at the bottom.

%lylea&
,ach thesis should have a flyleaf )a blank sheet with no page number assigned+ at the beginning and the end of the thesis.

Title Page
#t includes,

Title- #t summarizes the main idea of the paper. #t should be a concise statement
of the main topic and should identify the actual variables. A title should be fully e'planatory when standing alone. #ts principal function is to inform readers about the study.

(uthor)s name *+yline): The preferred form of an authorBs name is first

name, middle and last name. This form reduces the likelihood of mistaken identity.

Institutional a&&iliation, The affiliation identifies the location where the

author or authors conducted the investigation, which is usually an institution. The date shown must be the term and year of graduation in which the student is officially graduating. Title must be the same on title page, approval sheet, and abstract. Titles should be concise and descriptive. To facilitate inde'ing, titles should be indicative of the contents. Avoid use of phrases such as CA (tudy of,C C,ffect of,C C1aboratory (tudy of,C etc. Abbreviations in titles are discouraged. "owever, recognized acronyms in the field may be appropriate.

($$roval #heet
A number is awarded to this page but it should not be printed on the page. 3riginal signatures )in ink+ must appear on hardbound copy of the thesis. The signatures of following are re$uired on approval sheet of the thesis. (upervisor ,'ternal #nternal 0irector Research 0ean # #*

(+stract
An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the thesis. #t allows readers to survey the contents of a research $uickly. #t enables abstracting and information services to inde' and retrieve articles. A good abstract is

(ccurate, ,nsure that the abstract correctly reflects the purpose and content of
the manuscript.

#el&-contained% 0efine all abbreviations and acronyms. 0efine uni$ue terms.

&araphrase rather than $uote. #t includes names of authors and dates of publication in citations of other publications.

Concise and s$eci&ic% Make each sentence ma'imally informative, especially

the lead sentence. !e as brief as possible. !egin the abstract with the most important information.

.on-evaluative, Report rather than evaluate. 0o not add to or comment on

what is in the body of the manuscript.

Coherent and reada+le% Drite in clear and vigorous prose. se verbs rather than
their noun e$uivalents and the active rather than passive voice. describe specific variable manipulated or tests applied. se the present tense to se the past tense to describe results with continuing applicability or conclusions drawn.

se the third person rather than

the first person. Avoid sentences and phrases that contain no real information. Abstract should contain the following information- % &urposiveness Method *onclusion5Ma4or /indings

The first page of the abstract is always numbered with small Roman numeral i.e. iii. A sample abstract is shown in a endi! A.

Pa$er Re/uirement
(tandard%sized A: paper )>758 E 77 inch+ of ?@ grams must be used to prepare the final copy of the thesis. Te't must be printed on one side of the paper. All pages of the manuscript must be the same size. 0o not use half sheets or strips of paper glued, taped, or stapled to the pages.

Language
Thesis must be written in ,nglish.

Ty$e&ace
78%pt Times Ne& Roman- #t is the standard font for thesis.

3nly 78%pt Times Ne& Roman typeface must be used throughout the thesis. All te't, page numbers, table numbers, figure numbers, captions, and references must be in the same typeface. /or general te't, the font size should be 78 points. )(ee A endi! '+

Line #$acing *201)

#t means leaving 8.@ lines blank between each line of type on the page. /or most word%processing software, this means setting the line spacing to ()* lines) (ingle (pacing- !ibliography or list of reference entries, table and figure captions, and data within large tables are to be single %spaced. 1engthy descriptions in the appendi' may also be single %spaced. 2uoted material of more than three typewritten lines is indented and single %spaced. 2uoted material, which is three, lines or fewer may be single %spaced for emphasis.

Text
The te't pages, from beginning to end, are numbered with Arabic numerals.

#tyle o& %ont

&roduce an accurate, clear, clean copy that will reproduce well. The 78%pt Times Ne& Roman style of type should be used throughout the thesis. &rint styles that are similar to standard typefaces are preferred. #talic type may be used for foreign words, citation of titles, and special emphasis.

Margins
Re$uirement )minimum+- TopF7CG bottom%7CG leftF7CG rightF7C and @.; gutter. Hutter helps for proper thesis binding.

The top margin of the first page of the preliminaries, chapters, appendices and bibliographies is 8 inches. Margin sets for the different word processing systems will vary. The right margin may be violated occasionally by one space and the bottom margin by one line. Always continue the te't to the bottom margin e'cept at the end of a chapter. DARI#IH- &hoto reproduction results in a slight enlargement, therefore margins should be strictly observed on the original. The bottom and right margin must never be less than J inch on reproduced copies. These same margins are to be observed for tables, illustrative materials, bibliographies, and appendices as well as in the te't. /olded pages are not allowed in the te't as they may be damaged when the thesis is trimmed. Right 4ustification is acceptable if the printer does it properly, i.e., does not separate punctuation from characters and does not leave large gaps in the te't.

#$ace +etween 2ords

se one space between words and sentences.

Page .um+ering
,ach page of the thesis must be assigned a number. &reliminary pages are numbered at the bottom with lower case Roman numerals. &reliminary page number i.e. # is assigned to, but not printed on, the title page. The main te't, typically starting with *hapter #, is numbered with Arabic numerals. !egin each chapter on a new page. /irst pages of introduction or sections, appendices, and bibliographies are either left unnumbered )though a number is always assigned+ or numbered at the bottom. All other te't pages may have numbers placed either top or bottom, and either centered on the te't or aligned at the right margin of the te't. Most word processing programs will do this automatically and, generally, the automatic placement will be acceptable as long as the following criteria are met. Te't should never fall outside the margins as specified in this manual. &age numbers may be inside or outside the top or bottom margins, but never less than 758 inch from the edge of the page. #f inside

the margin, the number should not be more than one line below the top margin or above the bottom margin. There should never be less than one blank line between the first or last te't line and the page number. (tamped page numbers are discouraged.

Pages Limit
Iumber of pages of Thesis must be minimum =@ )e'cluding references+, with re$uired font and format.

3eadings and #u+headings

se level ; for chapter headings, and 1evels 7%: )if needed+ for headings within chapters. "eading font size )7:pt+. +old. "eading 1evel ; *,IT,R,0 &&,R*A(, ",A0#IH "eading 1evel 7 *entered ppercase and 1owercase "eading "eading 1evel 8 Centered, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading "eading 1evel 9 Flush Left, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase "eading 1evel : Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading

,ach chapter is started on a new page. "eadings for all preliminary pages must be centered and in uppercase. )(ee a endi! ++

Text (lignment
Kustified te't is recommended.

Paragra$hs
Dhen it is necessary to divide a paragraph at the end of a page, at least two lines should appear at the bottom of the page and two at the top of the following page.

4ndnotes
#f endnotes are used, they may be placed in the supplementary at the end of thesis. Drite the endnotes under the heading of LendnoteC.

Ta+les and %igures

Tables and figures should follow immediately after first mention in the te't or on the ne't page. #f they are placed on the ne't page, continue the te't to the bottom of the preceding page. 0o not leave a space )gap+ on the page where the table or figure was first mentioned. /igures must look professional. "and lettering is unacceptable unless e'ecuted by a professional draftsperson. Any diagram, graph, chart, map, photograph, or other type of illustration must be presented in the thesis as a figure.

5roadside Ta+les and %igures

#n order to fit large tables or figures on a page, it is sometimes necessary to place them broadside. The binding margin for such a table or figure must be 7 758

inches and all other margins must be 7 inch. The top margin and page number location must be the same as on a regular page.

.um+ering 6& Ta+les and %igures

Iumbering of tables and figures should be consecutive throughout the entire thesis or within each chapter, including those in the appendi'. #f the tables and figures are to be numbered consecutively within each chapter, the chapter number should appear along with the table or figure number )e.g., 7.7, 7.8 )for *hapter 7+G 8.7, 8.8 )for *hapter 8++ )(ee a endi! ,+. The number and title of a table should be placed above the table. Tables and figures are numbered separately.

Com$uter 6ut$ut
*omputer output, including pen plotting and screen plotting, is acceptable provided the material is dark, clear, readable copy transferred to acceptable paper. #f the material is tabular, room must be left at the top for the table number, caption, appropriate lines, and columnar headings unless the entire table is to be printed by the computer printout machine.

#u$$lementaries Re&erences or 5i+liogra$hy

The style for references should follow the format given on ne't page. The style used must be consistent throughout the thesis. There are many good sources that may be consulted for certain fields or to solve special problems. Advisers and committee members usually have e'cellent references to suggest.

($$endices
2uality and format should be consistent with re$uirements for other parts of the thesis including margins and reproduction. *omputer printout must conform to margins. Reductions must be clear and readable. Appendices may be treated in a fashion parallel to that of chapters. That is, the first page of an appendi' would have a one inch top margin and begin with a title % e.g., CAppendi' #,C CAppendi'0iagrams.C Alternatively, an appendi' may be introduced with a cover page bearing only the title. The content of the appendi' then begins on the second page with the standard one inch margin.

Citation
!ook )3ne author+

Reference% Momisar, 1. )7??7+. The new feminism. Iew Nork- /ranklin Datts. In-Te!t% )Momisar, 7??7+ !ook )Two to more authors+ Reference% (trunk, D., Kr. O Dhite, ,.!. )7?=?+. The elements of style )9rd ed.+. Nork-Macmillan. In-Te!t% .t&o authors/% )(trunk O Dhite, 7?=?+ In-Te!t .three or more authors/% )(trunk, Dhite, O (mith, 7?=?+ In-Te!t .su$sequent references/% )(trunk et al., 7?=?+ Iew

!ook *hapter Reference Roll, D.&. )7?=<+. ,(& and memory. #n K.M.3. Dheatley O ".1. ,dge ),ds.+, hilosophical dimensions of parapsychology )pp. 7;:%7>:+. (pringfield, #1- American &sychiatric &ress.

In-Te!t )Roll, 7?=<+

,ncyclopedia Article Reference Darren, (.A. )7?==+. Mental retardation and environment. #n International encyclopedia of psychiatry, psychology, psychoanalysis, and neurology )6ol. =, pp. 8@8%8@=+. Iew Nork Aesculapius &ublishers. In-Te!t% )Darren, 7?==+ Kournal Article )3ne author+ Reference% Maki, R.". )7?>8+. *ategorization effects which occur in comparative 4udgment tasks. !emory " Cognition, 7@ )9+, 8;8%8<:. In-Te!t% )Maki, 7?>8+ Kournal Article )Two or more authors+

Reference% Atkinson, R.*., O (hiffrin, R.M. )7?=7+. The control of short%term memory. #cientific $merican, 88;, >8%?@. In-Te!t .t&o authors/% )Atkinson O (hiffrin, 7?=7+ In-Te!t .three to fi0e authors/% )(mith, Pappella, Rosen, Hustman, O Rock, 7??:+ In-Te!t .si! or more authors/% )(mith et al., 7??:+ In-Te!t .su$sequent references/% )(mith et al., 7??:+ In-Te!t .su$sequent references in the same ara#ra h/% )(mith et al.+ Magazine Article )3ne author+ Reference% Mandel, ,. R. )8@@@, Iovember 7@+. Ieuroscience- !reaking down scientific barriers to the study of brain and mind. #cience, %&', 7779%778@. In-Te!t% )Mandel, 8@@@+ Magazine Article )Io author+ Reference% The blood business. )7??8, (eptember 77+. Time, &(, :=%:>. In-Te!t% )CThe !lood !usiness,C 7??8+

Iewspaper Article )Io author+ Reference% Amazing Amazon region. )7?>?, Kanuary 78+. )ew *or+ Times, p. 077. In-Te!t% )CAmazing Amazon Region,C 7?>?+ ,ducational Resources #nformation *enter report

),R#*+
Reference% Mead, K.6. )7??8+. Loo+ing at old photographs: In,estigating the teacher tales that no,ice teachers -ring with them )Report Io. I*RT1%RR%?8%:+. ,ast 1ansing, M#Iational *enter for Research on Teacher 1earning. ),R#* 0ocument Reproduction (ervice Io. ,0. 9:<@>8+. In-Te!t% )Mead, 7??8+ ,ducational Resources #nformation *enter report )from ./#u-scri-e+ Reference% Mead, K.6. )7??8+. Loo+ing at old photographs: In,estigating the teacher tales that no,ice teachers -ring with them )Report Io. I*RT1%RR%?8%:+. ,ast 1ansing, M#-Iational *enter for Research on Teacher 1earning. Retrieved 3ct. 89, 8@@7 from ,% (ubscribe database. In-Te!t% )Mead, 7??8+

(pecific #nternet 0ocument Reference% .lectronic reference formats recommended -y the $merican sychological $ssociation. )8@@@, In-Te!t% )American &sychological Association QA&AR, 8@@@+ 3ctober 78+. Retrieved Kanuary9,8@@7 from http-55www.apa.org54ournals54webref.html

In-Te!t .su$sequent references/% )A&A, 8@@@+ ,lectronic Article )Kournal Article found in a database+ Reference% Kacobson, K.D., Mulick, K.A., O (chwartz, A.A. )7??;+. A history of facilitated database. In-Te!t% )Kacobson et al., 7??;+ ,lectronic Article ),'act duplicate of print version+ Reference% 6anden, H., Mnapp, (., O 0oe, K. )8@@7+. Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates. Q,lectronic versionR. 1ournal of 2i-liographic 3esearch, 0, 77=%789. In-Te!t% )6anden et al., 8@@7+ communication(cience, pseudoscience, and antiscience. $merican sychologist,0', =;@%=<;. Retrieved Kanuary 78, 8@@7, from &sychology articles

,lectronic Article )/ormat modified from print version+ Reference% 6anden, H., Mnapp, (., O 0oe, K. )8@@7+. Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates. 1ournal of 2i-liographic 3esearch, 0, 77=%789. Retrieved 3ctober 79, 8@@7, from http-554br.org5articles.html In-Te!t% )6anden et al., 8@@7+ 3ther ,lectronic or #nternet Resources Refer to- .lectronic 3eference Formats 3ecommended -y the $merican sychological $ssociation http-55www.apastyle.org5elecref.html

Thesis Su$mission Requirements

3ne soft copy of thesis on *0 is to be submitted in the #$ra Research *entre. The sample of title page of the hardbound copy is attached in a endi! F.

Colour 6& 3ard 5ound Co$y

The golden colour of te't is recommended on the black colour background of hardbound copy of thesis.

#$ine
Iame of student Title of the research pro4ect Near )(ee a endi! 1+

Appendix A

A+STRA,T

#n an e'tension of research demonstrating causal effects of intercessory prayer for physical healing in a medical setting, the present study e'perimentally e'amined the effects of intercessory prayer for improved task performance in an employment setting. Trained customer service representatives either did, or did not, receive )over a 7:%day period+ daily intercessory prayer for the specific needs and challenges of their workplace. (peed of call handling was evaluated for each customer service representative. The specific dependent measures were number of calls per hour and number of seconds per call. Io statistically significant differences between prayer and non%prayer groups were found for either calls per hour or seconds per call. Recommendations for research in this new area of study center on methodological issues, including the selection of relevant dependent measures.

Appendix B

"IFFERENT 4EVE4S 3F 'EA"IN1

RESESR,' 23URNA4 .4EVE4 5/.,'APTER 'EA"IN1/ A$out The 2ournal.le0el 6/ (+out The 7ournal*level 2) (+out The 7ournal*level 3) a+out the 8ournal*level ) a+out the 8ournal*level 9)

iii

Appendix C 4IST 3F TA+4E

TA+4E NUM+ER 7 'EA"IN1 9.7 9.7 9.9 :.7 :.8 :.9 :.: :.; :.< :.= :.> :.? :.7@ :.77 :.78 :.79 PA1E N3

6ariable 1oading and /actor Relative 1oadingSSSSSSSS 8; 0eterminants of /inancial management &racticesSSSSSS 8? Reliability of Measurements #nstrument SSSSSSSSSS 99 /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive (tatistics with respect to L*ompany Revenues5(ales and e'penditure for the Near 8@@>%8@@?T )IU;9+SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS 9< /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect to L3rganization &erformanceT )IU;9+SSS..SSSSSSSSS 9= /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect to L*apital (tructure 0ecisionT )IU;9+SSS..SSSSSSSSS 9> /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect to L se of alternative source of financingT )IU;9+SSSSSSSS 9? /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect to L0ividend &olicy )Target &ayout Ratio+T )IU;9+SSSSSSSS :@ /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect to LMa4or 0eterminants of *orporate 0ividend &olicyT )IU;9+SSS :7 /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect to L0ividend policy as a means of #nformation (ignalingT )IU;9+SS :8 /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect to L#nvestment Appraisal Techni$uesT )IU;9+SSSSSS..SS :9 /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect to L*ontribution of #nvestment &ro4ects to the Aspects of &erformanceT)IU;9+ :: /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect to L*onstraints on *apital #nvestmentT )IU;9+SSSSSS..SSS :; /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect to LDorking *apital &olicyT )IU;9+SSSSSSSSSS..SSS :< /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect to L&erformance Assessment using /inancial RatiosT )IU;9+SSSSSS.. := LRegression AnalysisT )IU;9+SSSSSSS.SSSS..SSS :>

Table (ample

Table :.<- &re%test and &ost%test 0ifferences on *riterion 6ariables

&re%test

*ontrol n7 Mn (0 7.?9 8.<: 9.;< 8.;< 9.:; ;<.>?

,'perimental n8 Mn (0 8.=9 9.:; :.;< ;.78 ;.:; :=.:>

Reaction 3utcome combined &upils (tructure &resentation *ombined

#ndependent 3bservers

;.8<

;.89

n7 U 77, n8 U 77

Appendix D

Ms Research Thesis "efense ,om liance Re ort

To ic Title
,andidate Name% ,andidate I"% (ciences Su er0isor% #slamabad "efense ,onducted 3n% "ate% Pro#ram% "e artment% Management Institute% #$ra niversity,

S . N o .
1 2 3

Verification Improvements suggested Comments/Status

#t is verified that Student Name M( (cholar )Management (ciences 0epartment, #$ra niversity #slamabad+ has made the necessary changes in his research proposal as suggested by internal and e'ternal evaluators of his5her research proposal.

Student Si#nature

Su er0isor Si#nature

Research "irector Si#nature Si#nature

Research ,oordinator

Appendix E "e artment 3f Mana#ement Sciences Thesis A ro0al Sheet Vi0a-Voce E!amination
0ate-

Title of Research% Student Name% Re#istration No

The evaluation 4ury hereby approves this thesis in partial fulfilment of the re$uirements for the degree of Master of (ciences in Management (ciences.

, Thesis $d,isor

0ate-

, Internal .4aminer

0ate-

, .4ternal .4aminer

0ate-

0r. Mashif ur Rehman, 5irector 3esearch

0ate-

0r. Muhammad #slam, 5ean65irector IUIC

0ate-

Appendix F

TITLE OF THESIS

M3I3HRAM 3/ #2RA I#6,R(#TN

NAME OF THE STUDENT ENROLLMENT NUMBER (Registration No.

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the re$uirements for the degree of Master of (ciences )Mgt+ Department of Management Sciences

#2RA niversity #slamabad 8@79

27

Appendix G

SPINE

NAME 3F T'E STU"ENT

Area

,4ASS

YEAR

2!

SAMP4E
TA+4E 3F ,3NTENTS

Appendix

A ro0al Sheet%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ## A$stract %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ### "eclaration Form %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 6 "edication %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 6# Ac8no&led#ement%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 6## ,'APTERS 6) INTR3"U,TI3N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *6 7.7 !ackground %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 7.8 &roblem #dentification %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 7.: &roblem (tatement %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 7.; Rationale of (tudy %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 7.< 3b4ective of (tudy %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% () 4ITERATURE REVIE9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------@7 @: @; @< @= *:

;) MET'3"3431Y --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;6 9.7 (ample %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 98 9.8 #nstruments and Measures %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 98 9.9 &rocedure %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 9: <) RESU4TS AN" "IS,USSI3N ----------------------------------------------------------------;= 5) ,3N,4USI3N AN" RE,3MMEN"ATI3N -----------------------------------------------5<

REFERN,ES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5: APPEN"I>----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?6

2"

Te!t
Mhan )7??:+ found that although there was a reduction in insulin dosage over a period of two weeks in the treatment condition compared to the control condition, the difference was not statistically significant. Although !yrd's )7?>>+ study provides some evidence of a causal effect of prayer on medical outcomes, there have been no comparable studies e'amining the potential causal effects of prayer outside a medical setting. 3ne important setting in which to study prayer is the workplace, where prayer may address issues such as potential interpersonal conflict and the pressures inherent in most workplaces )such as deadlines and performance evaluations+. The workplace clearly represents an untapped area for research into the possible causal effects of intercessory prayer. The specific purpose of the present study was to utilize the double%blind methodology of !yrd's )7?>>+ study on health outcomes to evaluate the LdistanceT effects )0ossey, 7??=G (chlitz, 7??=+ of intercessory prayer )prayer without the individualBs presence or awareness+ on occupational task performance. #n a health care customer service call center, will individuals receiving prayer evidence different levels of task performance )number of calls answered per hour and number of seconds per call+ compared to individuals who are not receiving prayerV

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