The History of Meat Industry Regulation: Rights and Responsibilities of the Government and Citizens

Annalise Zabriskie Junior Divison Individual Website

Works Cited Primary Sources Bradof, Will. Personal interview. 1 Feb. 2014. Will is a butcher and chef at a local restaurant. He was able to give me information on how he was taught to butcher beef, and the conditions he must keep the meat in to satisfy health code. I used his interview on my Present Day page. "Chicago - Meat Packing Industry: Dressing Beef, Slaughtering Floor, Swift & Co.'s Packing House." Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2006679959/resource/>. This is a primary image that shows the poor working conditions of meatpacking houses. I used this image in my historical timeline. "Chicago - Meat Packing Industry: Dropping Hides and Splitting Chucks, Beef Dept., Swift & Co.'s Packing House." Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3a51809/>. I used this image as a graphic of the 1906 Meatpacking Industry. I used this picture on my Turning Point page. "Chicago - Meat Packing Industry - Swift & Co.'s Packing House: Cutting up Hogs, Removing Hams and Shoulders." Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2006679961/>. This is a primary image from that depicts the slaughtering of hogs in the 1900s. I used this photo on my home page.

Glackens, Louis M. "The Real Packing Town-- If You Let the Packers Tell It." Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/cph/item/2011645916/>. This is an example of an opinionated artist/citizen from 1906 who believed strongly that the meat packers we're not keeping their industry clean. I used this on my Turning Points page. "The Great Union Stock Yards, the Greatest Live Stock Market in the World, Chicago." Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2006679972/resource/>. This picture is a picture of the stock yard in the 1840s and helps illistrate the conditions Packing Plants provided for their cattle. I used this image on my turning points page. Harris, and Ewing. "Meat Butchering." Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hec/item/hec2013000531/>. This is a primary image of a butcher butchering meat between 1915 and 1923. I used this image on my Home page. Hassmann, Carl. "The Meat Market." Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ppmsca.26067/?co=cph>. This is an illustration of the 1906 meat availability and ingredients. I believe the illustrator wanted to depict the ridiculousness of the option and ingredients the meatpacking plants provided them with. I used this image on my turning points page. "Laws of the United States." Hartford Courant [Hartford, Connecticut] 13 Mar. 1873: 4. ProQuest Central K12. Web. 15 Jan. 2014. <http://search.proquest.com/docview/553778648/abstract?accountid=74367>. Primary

source on laws placed during this time period. I used this for conformation on laws I had given information on in my timeline. Lith., Ehrgott & Krebs. "Pork Packing in Cincinnati." Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/pga.03169/?co=pga>. This is a primary illustration of meatpacking in the 1870s. I used this image on my Historical Timeline. Mead, Kate. Personal interview. 4 Feb. 2014. Kate Mead is the owner of a large cattle ranch in Jackson Hole, Wyoming and gave primary information about the raising and slaughtering of cattle. Particularly how the regulations effect her and her ranching. Orth, Edward. Twin Creek rancher Tony Malmberg uses a rotational grazing system to keep his rangelands healthy. The Nature Conservancy. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. <http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/wyoming/ranche-news.xml>. This is a primary image of a present day Wyoming rancher. I used this photo on my Present Day page. Sinclair, Upton. "Interview with Upton Sinclair, Author of The Jungle." Word Press. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2014. <http://yom11.wordpress.com/>. This is a primary resource conducted to find out what influenced Upton Sinclair's, The Jungle. I used this resource on my Turning Points page. - - -. The Jungle. New York City: Doubleday, Jabber & Company, 1906. Print. This book is a primary source from the time period when meatpacking thrived. I used this as a turning point in history. "United States Department of Agriculture." Maine Farmer 24.38 (1856): n. pag. ProQuest Central. Web. 14 Jan. 2014. This is a primary source that gives farmer's first reactions on the regulations made in this time period. I used this information in my Thesis Statement.

Zabriskie, Annalise. Natural Beef from Local Grocery Store. 9 Feb. 2014. Photograph. I took this photo at a local grocery store to show how natural and organic beef are being sold and packaged today. I used this photo on my Organic page. - - -. Organic Beats in a Local Grocery Store. 9 Feb. 2014. Photograph. This image demonstrates the use of organic labeling locally and nationally. I used this photo on my Organic page. - - -. USDA Organic Signs in Local Grocery Store. 9 Feb. 2014. Photograph. This is an image of the Organic labeling seal being displayed in Grocery Stores. I used this picture on my Organic page.

Secondary Sources Agricultural Fact Book 2001-2002. N.p.: n.p., n.d. USDA. Web. 13 Jan. 2014. <http://www.usda.gov/documents/usda-factbook-2001-2002.pdf>. This source made it clear what the USDA actually does. I used this information in my history timeline. "Biography: Temple Grandin, Ph.D." Dr. Temple Grandin's Web Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.grandin.com/temple.html>. This helped me understand why many strategies are used in the Meat Packing industry. I used this information of Temple Grandin's influence on my Present Day page. Chevat, Richie, and Michael Pollan. The Omnivore's Dilemma: The Secrets behind What You Eat. Young readers ed. New York: Dial, 2009. Print. This book gives an overview of Organic foods and the requirements to be Organically certified. I used this information on my Organics page. "Chicago - Meat Packing Industry - Swift & Co.'s Packing House: Dressing Lamb for the Market, Removing the Pelts." Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014.

<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3a51813/>. This photo is an example of the meatpacking industry conditions of 1906. I used this photo on every page. "Chicago - Meat Packing Industry - Swift & Co.'s Packing House: Killing Hogs, Shackling Pen and Wheel." Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/stereo/item/2006679963/>. This graphic photo from the Library of Congress illustrates the slaughtering of meat in 1906. I used this image on my home page. "Cowboys Herding Cattle." Jackson Hole Historical Society & Museum. N.p., 7 Aug. 2011. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. <http://www.jacksonholehistory.org/explore/history/duderanchers/attachment/cowboys-herding-cattle/>. Primary image of Jackson Hole ranchers herding cattle. I used this picture on my Present Day page. "FSIS History." USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. FSIS, n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. <http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/aboutfsis/history>. The FSIS gives an overview of laws already established about rights considering food. This is a great resource because, the FSIS is in charge of regulating food so it can give a good perspective of the regulation. "Lincoln's Agricultural Leagacy." USDA. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Jan. 2014. <http://www.nal.usda.gov/lincolns-agricultural-legacy>. This gave me information of how President Lincoln impacted the progress of agricultural reforms. I used this information on my home page in my thesis statement. "Local Restaurant & Bar." Local Restaurant & Bar. LLC, n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. <http://localjh.com>. This is a photo of Will Bradof's restaurant Local. I used this image on the Present Day page.

"Mead Ranch Cattle." Mead Ranch Natural Beef. Bark Firm, n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. <http://www.meadranchbeef.com>. "Overview of FDA Mission." FDA. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Jan. 2014. <http://www.fda.gov/newsevents/testimony/ucm154019.htm>. I used this source to get a sense of what the government strives to do for our society in relation to agriculture. This was helpful for the history timeline portion of the website. Schlosser, Eric, and Charles Wilson. Chew on This. New York: Houghton, 2006. Print. This book influenced my topic. I used facts from this book on my timeline as it provided historical events of health issues caused by food. "A Short History of the USDA." FA/RM. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Jan. 2014. <http://fa-rm.org/usdahistory.html>. This source was useful in that it was not only confirming, but also clarifying information I had already found on the history of the USDA. I used this information in my historical timeline. "Slow Food in the Tetons." Slow Food in the Tetons. Blog at WordPress.com, n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2013. <http://tetonslowfood.org/about-us/>. This source gives me a sense of how organic food has been supported locally. I used this information on the Organics page. "Slow Food USA." Slow Food USA. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2013. <http://www.slowfoodusa.org/history>. This source gives me a sense of how organic food has impacted people nationally. It helped me with information about current agriculture. Thompson, Jerry L. "Lincoln Memorial." National Gallery of Art. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. <http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2009/lincoln/fullscreen/lincolnfull.shtm>. This is an

image of President Abraham Lincoln. I used this picture on my Home page to emphasize my thesis statement. "United States Department of Agriculture." United States Department of Agriculture. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. <http://usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome>. This source gives information on the regulation of food done by the government. I used this source on my Home page. "USDA Makes Progress on Alternatives to Antibiotics." Family Survival Protocal. WordPress.com, n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. <http://familysurvivalprotocol.com/tag/verigene-gp-blood-culture-nuclear-acid-test-bcgp/>. This is a current image of a feedlot of a packing plant. It gives the viewer an idea of what feedlots look like today. I used this image on my Home page. "Walton Ranch." Ranch Marketing Associates. Google+, n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. <http://www.rmabrokers.com/listings/walton-ranch.php>. This is an image of working Wyoming cattle ranch. I used this on the Home Page, however this image also connects to the Present Day page. Zabriskie, Annalise. Organic Valley Milk in Local Grocery Store. 9 Feb. 2014. Photograph. This is an image of organic milk labeled and for sale in a local grocery store. I used this image on my Organic page.