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Circular lake = lowest index value (1) Higher index value generally correlates with higher productivity Why might this be?
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Bathymetric Maps
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Varies widely
Hours/days for small pond; 1000s yrs for large lakes
Lake Stratification
Recall nonlinear relationship between water temperature and density Stratification density differences in water that maintain stable layers Can result from temperature or salinity variation with depth mostly temperature Process best understood with the seasonal sequence of stratification in cold-temperate lakes (dimictic lakes)
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Summer Stratification
As surface water warms it increasingly becomes less dense Thermocline intensifies Retards transport between epilimnion and hypolimnion Very stable
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With continued surface cooling, what will occur? Fall mixing event
Continues until lake is 3.9C isothermic
Winter Stratification
Continued cooling produces lens of colder but less dense water sitting upon denser water = winter stratification
Maintained with ice formation
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